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Invasive Exotic Trees (Shade) Invasive Exotic Trees (Fall Color)

Some exotic shade trees are able to invade due to fast growth and the Many invasive trees and shrubs form dense monotypic (consisting of only ability to produce large amounts of fruit. Birds and other wildlife that eat the one type) thickets that crowd out native vegetation and prevent any other prolific fruit become vessels for seed dispersal, thus making it hard to plant species from sprouting. contain and control the spread of these invasive trees.

Australian Pine, Brazilian Pepper, also known as a Beach Sheoak also known as a Florida Holly (Casuarina equisetifolia) (Schinus terebinthifolius)

HEIGHT: Up to 100 feet HEIGHT: Up to 30 feet

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) 90

Camphor Tree Chinese Tallow Tree, (Cinnamomum camphora) also known as a popcorn tree (Sapium sebiferum) HEIGHT: Up to 50 feet HEIGHT: Up to 50 feet

SWEETGUM (Liquidambar styraciflua) 80

AlterNative Trees (Shade) AlterNative Trees (Fall Color)

Other Alternatives Other Alternatives • Bluejack Oak (Quercus incana) • American Elm (Ulmus americana) • Pond Pine (Pinus serotina) • American Holly (Ilex opaca) • Red Bay (Persea borbonia) • Dahoon Holly (Ilex cassine) • Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) • Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) • Sand Live Oak • Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) (Quercus geminata) • Red Maple (Acer rubrum) • River Birch (Betula nigra) • Turkey Oak (Quercus laevis)

Live Oak Yaupon Holly (Quercus virginiana) (Ilex vomitoria) 60 20

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A mechanism used by certain plants to successfully invade is their release Invasive Exotic Shrubs of allelochemicals—chemical compounds that can have harmful effects on the surrounding plant community. Allelochemicals can negatively influence growth, survival and reproduction of other plant species.

Lantana, also known as Coral Ardisia a Shrub Verbena (Ardisia crenata) (Lantana camara) HEIGHT: Up to 6 feet HEIGHT: Up to 6 feet

Nandina, also known as a Heavenly Bamboo Oakleaf Hydrangea (Nandina domestica) (Hydrangea quercifolia) HEIGHT: Up to 8 feet 8 Shiny Blueberry (Vaccinium myrsinites)

AlterNative Shrubs Firebush Other Alternatives (Hamelia patens) • Autumn SageDeerberry (Vaccinium 8 stamineum) • Florida Pennyroyal, Wild Pennyroyal (Piloblephis rigida) Florida Pennyroyal, Wild Pennyroyal • Garberia (Garberia heterophylla) (Piloblephis rigida) • Highbush Blueberry 2 (Vaccinium corymbosum) • Scrub Mints (Conradina) • St. John’s Wort (Hypericum reductum) • Tampa Verbena (Glandularia tampensis) St. John’s Wort (Hypericum reductum) 2 10 11

Invasive vines shade out native flora and kill trees by weighing down the Invasive Exotic Vines canopy until it topples, or by destroying the protective bark, also known as girdling. Invasive vines can climb and completely cover trees, shrubs, and structures; form extensive ground covers; or exhibit both habits. CORAL HONEYSUCKLE, (Lonicera sempervirens)

Japanese honeysuckle Flame vine (Lonicera japonica) (Pyrostegia venusta)

HEIGHT: Up to 15 feet HEIGHT: depends upon supporting structure

Yellow Jessamine, Carolina Jessamine, Carolina Jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens)

Coral vine Chinese wisteria (Antigonon leptopus) (Wisteria sinensis)

HEIGHT: Up to 25 feet HEIGHT: Up to 65 feet

AlterNative Vines American Wisteria (Wisteria frutescens) Other Alternatives • Crossvine (Bignonia capreolata) • Native grapes (Vitis spp.) Passion Flower • Passion Flower, Maypop (Passiflora incarnata) (Passiflora incarnata) • Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)

Trumpet Vine, Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans)

12 13 Invasive Exotic Groundcovers Invasive Exotic Grasses

Most invasive plants used in landscapes as groundcover are capable of These grasses take up more water and nutrients, and produce more seeds aggressively reproducing by either an underground mass of roots (rhizomes), than native plants. They can eventually take over gardens, yards, and aboveground runners, or both. New plants can sprout from broken-off fragments natural areas and displace native plants, animals and pollinators such as of roots or runners, which makes total removal of these exotic plants difficult. bees and butterflies.

Wedelia, also known as Arundo, also known as a Creeping Oxeye a Giant Reed (Sphagneticola trilobata) (Arundo donax)

HEIGHT: Up to 1 foot HEIGHT: Up to 20 feet

Bowstring Hemp Fountain Grass Snakeplant, also known as (Pennisetum setaceum) a Mother-In-Law’s Tongue HEIGHT: Up to 3 feet (Sansevieria hyacinthoides & Sansevieria trifasciata)

HEIGHT: Up to 3 feet Muhly Grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris) 4 AlterNative Groundcovers AlterNative Grasses Adams Needle Other Alternatives (Yucca filamentosa) Other Alternatives • Gopher Apple (Licania michauxii) 3 • Pineland Dropseed (Sporobolus junceus) • Frogfruit, Turkey Tangle Frogfruit, • Purple Love Grass (Eragrostis spectabilis) Capeweed (Phyla nodiflora) • Splitbeard Bluestem (Andropogon ternarius) • Powderpuff (Mimosa strigillosa) • Wiregrass (Aristida stricta var. beyrichiana) • Narrowleaf Blue-Eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium) PARTRIDGE BERRY • Partridge Berry (Mitchella repens) (Mitchella repens) Fakahatcheegrass, Dune Sunflower eastern gama grass (Helianthus debilis) (Tripsacum dactyloides) 1.5 6