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337

REVIEW / SYNTHÈSE

Beyond botany to genetic resource preservation: the S.P. Vander Kloet collections1

Kim E. Hummer, Andrew R. Jamieson, and Ruth E. Newell

Abstract: Sam P. Vander Kloet, botanist, traveled the world examining and obtaining specimens to redefine infrageneric taxonomic units within Vaccinium L., family . Besides his botanical treatises, his legacy includes herbarium voucher specimens and ex situ genetic resource collections including a bank and living collections at the Agricul- ture and Agri-Food Research Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada; the K.C. Irving Environmental Science Centre and Harriet Irving Botanical , Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada; the Canadian Clonal Genebank, Harrow, , Canada; and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germ- plasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon, . Sam P. Vander Kloet’s collections include representatives of wild - ceae with special emphasis on collections of North American and subtropical endemic Vaccinium species. These reference collections are significant and represent a lifetime of dedicated research. Representatives of his heritage collections have now been deposited not only in American genebanks (in Canada and the United States) but also in the World Genebank in Svalbard, Norway, for long term conservation and future evaluation of Vaccinium for the service of humanity. The bequest of his wild collected germplasm will continue to be available to facilitate utilization of an extended Vaccinium gene pool for development and breeding throughout the world. Key words: germplasm conservation, , genetics, genebanks, plant exploration. Résumé : Sam P. Vander Kloet, botaniste, a voyagé à travers le monde en examinant et obtenant des spécimens pour redéfi- nir les unités taxonomiques infragénériques au sein des Vaccinium L., famille des Ericaceae. En plus de ses traités botani- ques, son héritage inclut des spécimens d’herbier référencés et des collections de ressources génétiques ex situ incluant une banque de semences et des collections de plantes vivantes, maintenues au Centre de recherche d’Agriculture et agroalimen- taire Canada, à Kentville, en Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada; au Centre des sciences de l’environnement K.C. Irving, au Jardin botanique Harriet Irving, à l’Université Acadia, à Wolfville, en Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada; la Banque génétique clonale du Canada, à Harrow, en Ontario, Canada; et au Département américain d’agriculture, Service de recherche en agriculture, Ré- férentiel national de matériel phytogénétique clonal, à Corvallis, en Oregon, États-Unis. Les collections du S.P. Vander Kloet incluent des représentants des Ericaceae sauvages avec un accent particulier sur les collections d’espèces de Vaccinium endémiques nord-américaines et sub-tropicales. Ces collections référencées constituent et représentent le travail de toute une vie. Des spécimens représentatifs de ses collections héritages ont été déposés non seulement dans des banques de matériel phytogénétique au Canada et aux Etats-Unis, mais dans la Banque mondiale de matériel phytogénétique à Svalbar, en Nor- vège, pour conservation de longue durée et évaluation future des Vaccinium au service de l’humanité. Le legs de ses collec- tions phytogénétiques sauvages continuera à être disponible permettant l’utilisation d’un pool génétique extensif pour le développement et l’amélioration génétique partout au monde. Mots‐clés : conservation de matériel phytogénétique, bleuet, génétique, banque de gènes, exploration botanique. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

Received 13 October 2011. Accepted 21 November 2011. Published at www.nrcresearchpress.com/cjb on 16 April 2012. K.E. Hummer. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA. A.R. Jamieson. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. R.E. Newell. E.C. Smith Herbarium, K.C. Irving Environmental Science Centre and Harriet Irving Botanical Gardens, Acadia University, Box 48, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. Corresponding author: Kim E. Hummer (e-mail: [email protected]). 1This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “A tribute to Sam Vander Kloet FLS: Pure and applied research from to heath- land ecology”.

Botany 90: 337–346 (2012) doi:10.1139/B11-102 Published by NRC Research Press 338 Botany, Vol. 90, 2012

Introduction considerable and expanding economic importance in Canada, namely highbush (V. corymbosum) and lowbush (V. angustifo- Sam P. Vander Kloet is rightfully lauded as a world re- lium) blueberry. Currently, within PGRC blueberries are repre- nowned botanist and specialist on the of blueberry sented by 22 seed accessions deposited from 1978 to 1980 and (Vaccinium L.) species. He had a strong desire to eschew the two additional seed accessions deposited in 1993. The viability obfuscation of the taxon-splitting previous generation of Vac- of these is unknown. Repropagation of the S.P. Vander cinium authors (Sleumer 1941; Stevens 1971; Camp 1942a, Kloet collection in Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada, could pro- b 1942 , 1944, 1945). He felt that accepting three separate vide important germplasm for a renewal of the Canadian Vaccinium species for similar having morphological PGRC blueberry effort. deviations resulting from exposure to the sun, partial sun, In 1978, the North American Vaccinium highbush blue- and shade to be excessive. He wanted his approach to the collection was established on a 0.1 ha plot at AAFC taxonomy of the blueberries to be both “biologically sound Research Station, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada (Vander and taxonomically robust” (Vander Kloet 1988). This task, Kloet and McRae 1998). Beginning in 1980, wild-collected he stated, was more complex than he expected, requiring lowbush species were added. As of 2011, this field collection The Genus Vaccinium 17 years for fruition. His monograph includes about 845 genotypes of diverse highbush and low- in (Vander Kloet 1988) was the result. In bush species (Table 1) collected from locations throughout preparation for this monograph he traveled throughout Can- eastern North America. These plants are representative of ada and the United States, with a few additional stops in the Canada and the United States, including V. corymbosum Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom, collecting Vac- (with types formerly known as Vaccinium constablaei cinium from more than 190 localities. Indeed, Appendix 2 of A. Gray). In addition, some hybrid test crosses that S.P. Van- his monograph (list of synonyms for species names) merged der Kloet performed to determine taxonomic species designa- 10 described Vaccinium taxa under tions also reside in this plot. The V. corymbosum diversity Aiton; 45 described taxa under L.; includes plants from (33°55′N latitude) to 14 taxa under Aiton; 45 taxa under Vac- the northern edge of its range in Québec (45°17′N latitude). cinium stamineum L.; 11 under Vaccinium oxycoccus L.; and The northern-collected plants from the St. Lawrence Low- 20 under Vaccinium uliginosum L. In addition, many botani- lands and coastal and Nova Scotia possess cold hardi- cal species determinations were published (Vander Kloet ness and drought tolerance (Vander Kloet and McRae 1998). 1996; Vander Kloet and Patterson 2000; Vander Kloet et al. Observations over several years have also identified clones 2004). that exhibit resistance to disease, most notably mummy berry Because economically important of Vaccinium disease caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (Reade) crops such as the blueberries, , and lingonberries Honey (P.D. Hildebrand, personal communication). were developed from Northern Hemisphere species, the pub- As of July 2011, many of the plants in this plot were over- lic may be surprised to learn that the majority of named spe- grown relative to the original planting locations. In addition, cies of Vaccinium are native to the South Pacific Islands and many and trees are invading the field, sheltering out Asia. Because of this, S.P. Vander Kloet picked up his back- the Vaccinium. The primary invading species are European al- pack and herbarium press and traveled as far and wide as Ha- der-buckthorn (Frangula alnus Mill.), white pine (Pinus stro- waii, Costa Rica, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and bus L.), wire birch (Betula populifolia Marshall), red maple Vietnam to personally examine these species (Hill 2011). ( L.), bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica Mirbel), From seeds gathered from the Vietnam cloud forest, he pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.f.), red (Quercus ru- named Vaccinium hiepii Vander Kloet, sp. nov. (Vander bra L.), ground juniper (Juniperus communis L.), and black- Kloet and Patterson 2000). He was even lowered from a heli- berry (Rubus allegheniensis Porter). Currently, AAFC copter in the very north, on Ellesmere Island, Quttinirpaaq Kentville plans to retain this plantation, however, only mini- National Park, Canada, to observe and collect wild lowbush mal resources and staff member oversight is available. Vaccinium (Hill 2011). Acadia University Genetic resource preservation Sam P. Vander Kloet obtained and prepared more than The collections that S.P. Vander Kloet obtained represent 1000 herbarium voucher specimens of Vaccinium, as well as great diversity of wild Vaccinium. At this time plans for its other members of the Ericaceae, obtained during his numer- long-term preservation are being made in Canada and the ous field trips throughout the world. These specimens are United States. currently housed in the E.C. Smith Herbarium at Acadia Uni- versity, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. The E.C. Smith Her- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) barium is located in the K.C. Irving Environmental Science The Plant Gene Resources of Canada (PGRC), Harrow, Centre—a new, state-of-the-art facility recently established Ontario, Canada, a unit within AAFC, has a mandate “to pro- on the Acadia campus as a gift from the Irving family. These tect, preserve and enhance the genetic diversity of Canadian collections will remain at this location, as there is sufficient plants of economic importance, and their wild relatives, by ac- space designated within this modern facility. quiring, evaluating, researching and documenting plant genetic In addition to herbarium vouchers, S.P. Vander Kloet built resources in order to provide fundamental genetic building a substantial seed collection of Vaccinium species from blocks for crop variety and bio-based product development and around the world. This is currently stored at 4 °C in a walk- plant genetic studies, nationally and internationally” (PGRC in coldroom in the K.C. Irving Environmental Science 2011). The genus Vaccinium contains two blueberry species of Centre. Also present are seeds produced from many blue-

Published by NRC Research Press Hummer et al. 339

Table 1. Localities of collections of S.P. Vander Kloet residing at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Experimental Farm, Kentville, Nova Scotia, 2011.

Source Species Avery County, Vaccinium corymbosum (constablaei) Blowing Rock, North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum Blue River, British Columbia Vaccinium angustifolium Byron , Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum Campobello Island, New Brunswick Vaccinium angustifolium Cape Smokey, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Cape Spear, Newfoundland Vaccinium angustifolium Charlotte County, New Brunswick Vaccinium angustifolium Coldbrook, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Crow Lake, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum Cumberland County, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum Cumberland County, Maine Vaccinium angustifolium Cumberland, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum Cumberland, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum DAR, Wolfville, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Deep Gap, North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum Degelis, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium Dunders Mate, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium Eagle Pass, British Columbia Vaccinium angustifolium Emporia, Vaccinium corymbosum Farnham, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium Granby, Québec Vaccinium corymbosum Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum Halifax County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Hebert Bog, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum High Park, Toronto, Ontario Vaccinium pallidum Ile Perrot, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium Ile Perrot, Québec Vaccinium corymbosum Jaffa, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum Jct. 101 and DAR, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Jonesboro, Maine Vaccinium angustifolium Kaladar, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium Kennebunk, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum Kings County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Lake Bevan, Québec Vaccinium corymbosum Lake George, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum Lake Opinicon, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium Leap Frog Lake, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum Lee, New Hampshire Vaccinium corymbosum Leeds County, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium Lorne, Virginia Vaccinium pallidum Lumpkin County, Vaccinium corymbosum – state line Vaccinium corymbosum M-C Hill, Leeds County, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium Morton, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum Newark, Delaware Vaccinium corymbosum Newark, Delaware Vaccinium corymbosum North River, Prince Edward Island Vaccinium angustifolium Oneida County, New York Vaccinium angustifolium Oneida County, New York Vaccinium corymbosum Peel County, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum Pictou County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Port Franks, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium Portuguese Cove, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Richmond County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Rock Dunder, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium

Published by NRC Research Press 340 Botany, Vol. 90, 2012

Table 1 (concluded).

Source Species Saranac Lake, New York Vaccinium angustifolium Sevey, New York Vaccinium angustifolium Snelgrove, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum Springfield, New Brunswick Vaccinium angustifolium St. John County, New Brunswick Vaccinium angustifolium St. Pacoma, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium Strafford County, New Hampshire Vaccinium corymbosum Sumter County, South Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum Turkey Point, Ontario Vaccinium pallidum Victoria County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Villeroy, Québec Vaccinium corymbosum Wellington County, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum Westbranch, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium Westport Bog, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum XIII × 127874 Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium York County, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum berry hybrid crosses conducted by S.P. Vander Kloet during (AFHRC), Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada, a unit within his 39 years of research (1972–2011) in the Department of AAFC, plots. Canadian phytosanitary certification was ob- Biology. Approximately 50 Vaccinium species, in addition to tained, and these cuttings were hand carried to the United numerous hybrid crosses, are represented in this seed bank of States. After inspection by US Animal and Plant Health roughly 1200 accessions. Long-term continued preservation Inspection Service, the cuttings were released for propaga- of this seed collection within this facility is undetermined. tion at NCGR. The cuttings were placed in propagation The living or conservatory collection established by S.P. cubes under mist. If needed, repropagation of any unsuc- Vander Kloet is partially detailed in Table 2. This collec- cessful propagules will occur in subsequent years. In addi- tion includes tropical ericaceous species collected primar- tion, were collected from four species and seeds ily by S.P. Vander Kloet from Costa Rica, Martinique, were extracted. These seeds were inspected and shipped to Ecuador, Panama, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the United States separately. A representation of these Vietnam, and China. Over the next few years, plans are seeds will be donated and sent to the World Genebank, underway to propagate and backup this collection at the Svalbard, Norway, for long-term preservation. Cuttings of United States genebank, US Department of Agriculture, the subtropical Vaccinium collection at the Conservatory Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm of the K.C. Irving Environmental Science Centre at Acadia Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Oregon, United States, and University will be subsequently obtained. elsewhere. The long-term needs of this specialized tropical living blueberry collection is greater than the availability Conclusions of staff time and resources from the K.C. Irving Environ- mental Science Centre. Sam P. Vander Kloet was a global taxonomic authority on wild blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). His knowledge was de- US National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) rived from over 40 years of tireless, passionate field work Upon hearing of the untimely death of S.P. Vander and research. The collections that resulted from this amazing Kloet, in early 2011, the United States NPGS Small lifetime effort provide invaluable resources for future blue- Crop Germplasm Committee members were concerned. berry researchers. Samples of diverse Vaccinium from the They knew that S.P. Vander Kloet had a significant Vacci- wide reaches of its natural distribution are accessible through nium collection, and suggested that a plant exchange North American genebanks. Controversial taxonomic ques- should be discussed with Canadian authorities to obtain a tions can be further explored using molecular approaches un- representative sample from this germplasm. According to available decades ago when S.P. Vander Kloet collected regulations of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic samples. Studies of the fruit qualities of unusual species Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGR 2011), the could identify important parental lines to develop future cul- US Plant Exchange Office, contacted the Director of the tivars with improved nutrition. Genotypes with qualities such Canadian Agricultural Genetic Resources for permission as cold hardiness, low chilling, or pest and disease resistance for this plant exchange. Permission was granted and the can be chosen from within this wild material to broaden the US Vaccinium curator applied for and received US plant cultivated blueberry gene pool. Preservation of these blue- exchange funding for the trip. berry wild relatives at research centres and genebanks in During the last week in July 2011, 84 cuttings, about Canada and the United States is essential to ensure that these 10% of the living plant collection, (Table 3) were taken resources remain available for future generations of plant from the Atlantic Food and Research Centre breeders.

Published by NRC Research Press umre al. et Hummer Table 2. Some of the ericaceous taxa obtained by S.P. Vander Kloet maintained at the Acadia University, K.C. Irving Environmental Science Centre and Harriet Irving Botanical , Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Accession No. of Collection No. Taxon specimen No. Location Collection date Origin AUV.00168 Agapetes serpens (Wight) Sleumer (syn. Vaccinium serpens Wight) 3 PT1901 KCI114 — Himalayas? AUV.00100 Cavendishia grandiflora Hoerold 1 JL 8023 KCI115 1980 Pichincha, Santa Domingo, Ecuador AUV.00101 Cavendishia sp. 1 24/VII/90 KCI115 24 July 1990 Tapanti, Costa Rica AUV.00102 Cavendishia sp. 3 MZ 17/7/90 KCI115 17 July 1990 Tapanti, Costa Rica AUV.00103 Cavendishia sp. 2 CO978 KCI115 September 1978 Hortus, Amsterdam AUV.00104 Cavendishia sp. 2 614686 KCI115 14 June 1986 La Hondura, Costa Rica AUV.00298 Ceratostemma sp. 1 JL 5657 KCI114 — Panama AUV.00106 Diogenesia amplectens (Sleumer) Sleumer 1 JL 6479 KCI115 6 April 1979 Ecuador AUV.00218 Disterigma rimbach (A.C. Smith) Luteyn 2 8011 KCI114 — Ecuador AUV.00107 Disterigma tetramera (Kunth) Nied. (syn. Vaccinium alaternoides 1 8011 KCI115 — Ecuador Kunth) AUV.00108 Gaultheria cumingiana S. Vidal 3 3101092 KCI115 10 October 1992 Mt. Pulog, the Philippines AUV.00256 Macleania ericae Sleumer 9 JL 8026 KCI114 — Ecuador AUV.00113 Macleania ericae × M. rupestris 1 x1989 KCI115 1989 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00157 Macleania glabra (Klotzsch) Hoerold 2 730614 — 1973 Costa Rica AUV.00112 Macleania pentandra (syn. Themistoclesia pentandra Sleumer) 4 JL 8026 KCI115 1980 Pichincha, Equador AUV.00116 Macleania rupestris (Kunth in H.B.K.) A.C. Smith 1 JL 5724 KCI115 — Ecuador AUV.00159 Macleania rupestris (Kunth in H.B.K.) A.C. Smith 4 513686 — 13 June 1986 Ecuador AUV.00160 Macleania rupestris (Kunth in H.B.K.) A.C. Smith 2 X120593 — 20 May 1993 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00164 Macleania rupestris (Kunth in H.B.K.) A.C. Smith 4 330278 — 30 February 1978 Ecuador AUV.00217 Macleania rupestris (Kunth in H.B.K.) A.C. Smith 1 513686 KCI114 13 June 1986 Ecuador AUV.00114 Macleania salapa (Bentham) Hook. f. ex Hoerold 1 73.13.01 KCI115 13 January 1973 Edinburgh, Scotland AUV.00118 Pernettya Gaudich. 2 20/VII/90 KCI115 20 July 1990 Mt. Irazú, Costa Rica AUV.00281 Sphyrospermum tuchuche 1 X123490 KCI114 23 April 1990 AUV.00119 Sphyrospermum 1 3303–78 KCI115 3 March 1978 — AUV.00120 Symphysia racemosa (Vahl) Stern 2 227274 KCI115 27 February 1974 Mt. Pelee, Martinique AUV.00188 × V. myrtoides 1 — KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00177 Vaccinium arcto (f) × V. cylindra (m) 1 — KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00180 Vaccinium arcto (f) × V. cylindra (m) 1 X121900 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00174 Vaccinium arobracteum (f) × V. pad (m) 1 X927800 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00170 Vaccinium auricufolium (f) × V. acrobracteum (m) 1 X125498 KCI114 25 April 1998 — AUV.00178 Vaccinium cylindra (f) × V. arcto (m) 1 X19100 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. ulse yNCRsac Press Research NRC by Published AUV.00179 Vaccinium cylindra (f) × V. arcto (m) 1 X161000 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00181 Vaccinium cylindra (f) × V. arcto (m) 1 X13800 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00175 Vaccinium cylindra (f) × V. padifeum (m) 1 X19800 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00176 Vaccinium cylindra (f) × V. padifeum (m) 1 X120700 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00200 Vaccinium fragile (f) × V. myrtoides (m) 2 X126300 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00125 Vaccinium acrobracteatum × V. horizontale 1 x31195 KCI115 3 November 1995 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00126 Vaccinium acrobracteatum K. Schum. P.S. MacDougall, & 2 86875 KCI115 6 August 1975 Edie Creek, Papua New Guinea S.P. Vander Kloet 341 342 Table 2 (continued).

Accession No. of Collection No. Taxon specimen No. Location Collection date Origin AUV.00257 Vaccinium acrobracteatum K. Schum. P.S. MacDougall, & 1 106875 KCI114 —— S.P. Vander Kloet AUV.00285 Vaccinium angustifolium (f) × V. myrsinites (m) × V. hirsutum 4 X124202 KCI114 — Florida AUV.00264 Marsh. 1 581185 KCI114 8 November 1985 Florida AUV.00266 Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. 1 49190 KCI114 9 January 1990 Florida AUV.00267 Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. 1 322985 KCI114 22 September 1985 Florida AUV.00278 Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. 1 18385 KCI114 8 March 1985 Florida AUV.00279 Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. 1 161185 KCI114 6 November 1985 Florida AUV.00205 Vaccinium auricifolia × V. acrobracteum 1 X18297 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00207 Vaccinium auricufolia × ? 1 X18298 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00206 Vaccinium auricufolia × V. darrowii 1 X117796 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00127 Vaccinium auricufolia 3 Black 239 KCI115 — Edinburgh, Scotland? AUV.00122 Vaccinium barandanum Vidal 6 17/XI/92 KCI115 17 November 1992 Mt. Pulog, the Philippines AUV.00123 Vaccinium barandanum Vidal 3 18/10/92 KCI115 18 October 1992 Mt. Pulog, the Philippines AUV.00203 Vaccinium barandanum Vidal 3 181092 KCI114 8 October 1992 — AUV.00262 Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 1 22VII98 KCI114 22 July 1998 — AUV.00251 Vaccinium calycinum Sm. 1 930886 KCI114 30 August 1986 Tahiti AUV.00238 Vaccinium cereum (L. fil.) Forst. 1 14X92 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00239 Vaccinium cereum (L. fil.) Forst. 1 114992 KCI114 14 September 1992 China AUV.00189 Vaccinium chapaense Merr. ( syn. Agapetes rubrobracteata 13 6131197 KCI114 13 November 1997 China R.C. Fang & S.H. Huan) AUV.00190 Vaccinium chapaense Merr. (syn. Agapetes rubrobracteata 1 2231197 KCI114 23 November 1997 China R.C. Fang & S.H. Huan) AUV.00260 Vaccinium chunii Merrill ex Sleumer 1 3271197 KCI114 27 November 1997 — AUV.00128 Vaccinium consanguineum Klotzsch 3 714686 KCI115 14 June 1986 Mt. Irazú, Costa Rica AUV.00221 Vaccinium consanguineum Klotzsch 1 714686 KCI114 14 June 1986 — AUV.00222 Vaccinium consanguineum Klotzsch 2 MZ790 KCI114 1990 — AUV.00224 Vaccinium consanguineum × V. darrowii 1 X12889 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00223 Vaccinium consanguineum × V. ovatum 1 X29490 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00297 Vaccinium corymbosum L. Fla. 6n 1 ARK7503 KCI114 — Florida AUV.00277 Vaccinium corymbosum L. Fla. 6n 1 7311 KCI114 1973 Florida AUV.00280 Vaccinium crassifolium Andr. 1 NC-91 KCI114 1991 Florida AUV.00282 Vaccinium crassifolium Andr. 2 431881 KCI114 31 August 1881 Florida ulse yNCRsac Press Research NRC by Published AUV.00192 Vaccinium crenatum × V. floribundum 1 17498 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00229 Vaccinium cylindraceum Smith 2 4271097 KCI114 27 October 1997 the Azores

AUV.00234 Vaccinium cylindraceum Smith 2 7251097 KCI114 25 October 1997 the Azores 2012 90, Vol. Botany, AUV.00230 Vaccinium cylindraceum Smith 2 6251097 KCI114 25 October 1997 the Azores AUV.00270 Vaccinium darrowii Camp 1 ABS.817 KCI114 — Florida AUV.00275 Vaccinium darrowii Camp 1 2.4.00 #62 KCI114 — Florida AUV.00292 Vaccinium darrowii Camp 1 ABS-8 KCI114 — Florida AUV.00241 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. 2 111085 KCI114 1 October 1985 AUV.00243 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. 1 224992 KCI114 24 September 1992 Hawaii umre al. et Hummer Table 2 (continued).

Accession No. of Collection No. Taxon specimen No. Location Collection date Origin AUV.00244 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. 1 124992 KCI114 24 September 1992 Hawaii AUV.00245 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. 1 124991 KCI114 24 September 1991 Hawaii AUV.00246 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. 1 1011085 KCI114 1 October 1985 Hawaii AUV.00248 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. 2 224993 KCI114 24 September 1993 Hawaii AUV.00250 Vaccinium dentatum × V. calycinum 1 X4111097 KCI114 11 October 1997 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00252 Vaccinium exul Bolus 1 113202 KCI114 13 February 2002 South Africa AUV.00253 Vaccinium exul Bolus 5 313202 KCI114 13 February 2002 South Africa AUV.00254 Vaccinium exul Bolus 4 313202 KCI114 13 February 2002 South Africa AUV.00191 Vaccinium floribundum Kunth in H.B.K. 4 1990C0 KCI114 1990 Columbia AUV.00196 Vaccinium fragile Franchet 1 228796 KCI114 28 July 1996 China AUV.00294 Aiton 1 ABS-7 KCI114 — Florida AUV.00204 Vaccinium gaultherifolium 8 1231197 KCI114 23 November 1997 — AUV.00135 Vaccinium hiepii S.P. Vander Kloet 1 1197 — November 1997 Vietnam AUV.00129 Vaccinium horizontale Sleumer 1 530775 KCI115 — Edie Creek, Paupa New Guinea AUV.00212 Vaccinium horizontale × V. acrobracteum 1 X219990 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00171 Vaccinium loranthifolium 4 13IV01 KCI114 —— AUV.00300 Vaccinium loranthifolium 1 15IV01 KCI114 —— AUV.00219 Swartz 1 10XII86 KCI114 — China AUV.00220 Vaccinium meridionale × V. consanguineum 2 X225591 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00271 Vaccinium nummularia Hook. f. & Thomson ex C.B. Clarke in 1 4241092 KCI114 — Florida J.D. Hooker AUV.00272 Vaccinium nummularia Hook. f. & Thomson ex C.B. Clarke in 1 1261092 KCI114 — Florida J.D. Hooker AUV.00295 Lam. 1 422574 KCI114 22 May 1974 Florida AUV.00289 Vaccinium myrsynites (f) × V. hirsutum (m) 2 x14998 KCI114 14 September 1998 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00184 Vaccinium myrtoides L. 4 1171092 KCI114 — the Philippines AUV.00183 Vaccinium myrtoides × V. horizonale 1 X16694 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00210 Vaccinium myrtoides × V. horizontale 1 X115696 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00276 Vaccinium oldhamii × V. darrowii 1 x329488 KCI114 29 April 1988 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00228 Vaccinium ovatum Pursh 3 8131182 KCI114 13 November 1982 — AUV.00231 Vaccinium ovatum Pursh 1 231879 KCI114 31 August 1979 — AUV.00232 Vaccinium ovatum Pursh 1 8131181 KCI114 13 November 1981 — AUV.00235 Vaccinium ovatum Pursh 1 3131182 KCI114 13 November 1982 — ulse yNCRsac Press Research NRC by Published AUV.00233 Vaccinium padifolium Sm. 14X90 KCI114 1990 Madeira AUV.00236 Vaccinium padifolium Sm. 1 514090 KCI114 1990 Madeira AUV.00124 Vaccinium poasanum Donn. Sm. 3 1313686 KCI115 13 June 1986 La Hondura, Costa Rica AUV.00130 Vaccinium poasanum Donn. Sm. 1 20.7.90 KCI115 20 July 1990 Mt. Poas, Costa Rica AUV.00162 Psammisia 1 17VI94 — 17 July 1994 El Tuchuche, Trinidad? AUV.00237 Vaccinium reticulatum Sm. 4 31390 KCI114 1990 Hawaii AUV.00240 Vaccinium reticulatum Sm. 1 324291 KCI114 24 February 1991 Hawaii AUV.00242 Vaccinium reticulatum Sm. 2 324992 KCI114 24 September 1992 Hawaii —

AUV.00249 Vaccinium reticulatum × V. calycinum 5 630866 KCI114 Cross by S.P.V.K. 343 344 Table 2 (concluded).

Accession No. of Collection No. Taxon specimen No. Location Collection date Origin AUV.00247 Vaccinium reticulatum × V. dentatum 2 1011085 KCI114 1 October 1985 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00227 Vaccinium retusum (Griff.) Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke 1 27X92 KCI114 —— AUV.00269 Vaccinium stamineum L. 1 US189 KCI114 — Florida AUV.00287 Vaccinium tenellium Aiton 1 ga133696 KCI114 3 June 1996 Florida AUV.00290 Vaccinium tenellium Aiton 1 133686 KCI114 3 June 1986 Florida AUV.00291 Vaccinium tenellium Aiton 1 1498574 KCI114 1974 Florida AUV.00265 Vaccinium tenellium Aiton 1 1478574 KCI114 1974 Florida AUV.00268 Vaccinium tenellium Aiton 1 90–4 KCI114 1990 Florida AUV.00273 Vaccinium tenellium Aiton 1 ga203686 KCI114 1986 Florida AUV.00288 Vaccinium tenellium Aiton 1 3–90 cane KCI114 1990 Florida AUV.00274 Vaccinium tenellium (f) × V. darrowii (m) 3 x128401 KCI114 2001 Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00142 Vaccinium tonkinense Dop. 11 1271197 — 27 November 1997 Vietnam AUV.00166 Vaccinium tonkinense Dop. 1 — KCI114 — Vietnam AUV.00208 Vaccinium varingiace × V. acrobracteum 1 X119493 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00209 Vaccinium varingiace × V. myrtoides 1 X115691 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00131 Vaccinium varingiaefolium 2 HS3200 KCI115 — Java AUV.00138 Vaccinium varingiaefolium 2 HS84–3 — 18 July 1984 Java AUV.00140 Vaccinium varingiaefolium 1 HS89–4 — 1989 Java AUV.00199 Vaccinium fragile (f) × V. darr (m) hybrid 1 X110499 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. AUV.00211 Vaccinium acrobracteum × V. horizonatale 2 X11489 KCI114 — Cross by S.P.V.K. ulse yNCRsac Press Research NRC by Published oay o.9,2012 90, Vol. Botany, Hummer et al. 345

Table 3. Genotypes propagated for the US National Plant Germplasm System, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon, United States.

Kentville Corvallis local Vander Kloet No. Form field location No. (CVAC) or other identifier Original collection locality Species collected 1.02 1964 HB1978 Herbert Bog, Ontario coll. 1978 Vaccinium corymbosum PL, SD 1.03 1881 223878 Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.05 1882 121778 Byron Bog, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.11 1883 62878 Westport Bog, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.15 1885 72679 Sumter County, South Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.19 1886 11879 Cumberland County, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.23 1887 310778 Oneida County, New York Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.24 1888 228778 Wellington County, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.29 1889 120778 Jaffa, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.34 1890 414878 Crow Lake, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.36 1891 12879 York County, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.47 1892 221778 Byron Bog, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 1.48 1893 215778 Snelgrove, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 2.15 1894 1428676 Lumpkin County, Georgia Vaccinium corymbosum PL 2.39 1895 31878 Morton, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 3.37 1896 215878 Ile Pero, Québec Vaccinium corymbosum PL 4.16 1897 85776 Lee, New Hampshire Vaccinium corymbosum PL 5.01 1898 102879 Strafford County, New Hampshire Vaccinium corymbosum PL 6.21 1899 24877 Deep Gap, North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 7.25 1900 54877 Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 9.01 1901 711879 St. John County, New Brunswick PL, SD 9.06 1902 131777 Pictou County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL, SD 9.09 1903 131777 Pictou County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 9.17 1904 710778 Oneida County, New York Vaccinium angustifolium PL 9.28 1905 21887 Kings County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 9.33 1906 36–133 (ang) Kaladar, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium PL 9.35 1907 111879 Degelis, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium PL 9.36 1908 510879 Villeroy, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium PL 10.05 1909 529781 Victoria County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 10.07 1910 382 (ang) Lake Opinicon, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium PL 10.09 1911 hybrid (boreale) XIII × 127874 Vaccinium boreale PL, SD 10.2 1912 126676 (pall) Lorne, Virgina Vaccinium pallidum PL 10.21 1913 101882 St. Pacoma, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium PL 10.24 1914 73–111 (ang) Dunders Mate, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium PL 10.25 1915 230776 (pall) High Park, Toronto, Ontario Vaccinium pallidum PL 10.29 1916 125878 Charlotte County, New Brunswick Vaccinium angustifolium PL 10.34 1917 451074 (ang) Portuguese Cove, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 10.38 1918 hybrid (boreale) XIII × 127874 Vaccinium boreale PL 10.44 1919 1329882 Cape Smokey, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum PL 10.46 1920 47879 (corymb) Peel County, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 11.01 1921 boreale 119976 × 127874 Vaccinium boreale PL 11.02 1922 boreale 119976 × 127874 Vaccinium boreale PL 11.08 1923 52879 (pall) Strafford County, New Hampshire Vaccinium pallidum PL 11.09 1924 222882 Campobello Island, New Brunswick Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.15 1925 WB-22 (ang) Pictou County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.16 1926 PEI (ang) North River, Prince Edward Island Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.17 1927 313773 (ang) Port Franks, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.19 1928 LNI (ang) Leeds County, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.21 1929 WB-22 (ang) Pictou County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.23 1930 64877 (const) Avery County, North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL (constablaei) 11.24 1931 72879 (pall) Strafford County, New Hampshire Vaccinium pallidum PL 11.27 1932 8179 Lake Bevan, Québec Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.33 1933 121773 (ang) Westbranch, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 11.44 1934 528879 Eagle Pass, British Columbia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 12.03 1935 149976 (ang) Cape Spear, Newfoundland Vaccinium angustifolium PL

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Table 3 (concluded).

Kentville Corvallis local Vander Kloet No. Form field location No. (CVAC) or other identifier Original collection locality Species collected 12.05 1936 79–497 (ang) Rock Dunder, Ontario Vaccinium angustifolium PL 12.06 1937 17879 (pall) Turkey Point, Ontario Vaccinium pallidum PL 12.08 1938 RH11773 (ang) DAR, Wolfville, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 12.11 1939 212876 (ang) Westbranch, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 12.12 1940 27879 (pall) Turkey Point, Ontario Vaccinium pallidum PL 12.46 1941 121881 Jonesboro, Maine Vaccinium angustifolium PL 13.08 1942 321782 Halifax County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 13.32 1943 79881 Saranac Lake, New York Vaccinium angustifolium PL 13.34 1944 118782 Coldbrook, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 13.39 1945 128882 Richmond County, Nova Scotia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 13.41 1946 18881 Sevey, New York Vaccinium angustifolium PL 14.25 1947 1621675 Emporia, Virginia Vaccinium angustifolium PL 15.18 1948 520675 Newark, Delaware Vaccinium angustifolium PL 16.02 1949 34776 Massachusetts–Connecticut state line Vaccinium angustifolium PL 16.06 1950 64877 Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 16.13 1951 110774 Hebert Bog, Ontario Vaccinium corymbosum PL 16.46 1952 Yar 39 Lake George, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum PL 16.47 1953 Yar 77 Leap Frog Lake, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.03 1954 228878 Lee, New Hampshire Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.08 1955 625878 Kennebunk, Maine Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.13 1956 35877 Blowing Rock, North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.17 1957 144877 Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.21 1958 64877 Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.24 1959 64877 Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.25 1960 74877 Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.28 1961 64877 Grandfather Mt., North Carolina Vaccinium corymbosum PL 18.42 1962 Gra 14 Granby, Québec Vaccinium corymbosum PL 19.17 1963 YAR 74 Leap Frog Lake, Nova Scotia Vaccinium corymbosum PL Note: PL, plant; SD, seed

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