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Standardized U.S.-Led Coalition Forces Uniform Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items 2018-06 STANDARDIZED U.S.-LED COALITION FORCES UNIFORM Khilji, Abdullah; Langhorne, Joshua L.; Martinez, Oscar A. Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/59697 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA JOINT APPLIED PROJECT REPORT STANDARDIZED U.S.-LED COALITION FORCES UNIFORM June 2018 By: Joshua L. Langhorne Oscar A. Martinez Abdullah Khilji Advisors: Robert F. Mortlock Mie-Sophia E. Augier Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Form Approved OMB REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) June 2018 Joint Applied Project Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS STANDARDIZED U.S.-LED COALITION FORCES UNIFORM 6. AUTHOR(S) Joshua L. Langhorne, Oscar A. Martinez, and Abdullah Khilji 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND 10. SPONSORING / ADDRESS(ES) MONITORING AGENCY N/A REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. A 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) The purpose of this research is to conduct a feasibility study to determine if U.S.-led coalition forces could effectively wear a standardized camouflage uniform. If not feasible, the secondary purpose is to research the aspects of partial standardization of camouflage uniforms. This research examines advantages and disadvantages of uniform standardization through a political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. It analyzes the psychological and sociological cohesiveness, as well as potential competitive advantages, of the use of more technologically superior personnel equipment. This research examines coalition nation types of uniforms, camouflage patterns, performance specifications, uniform regulations, and procurement. The literature review consists of a research study conducted by the Government Accountability Office addressing the failure of the U.S. Department of Defense to develop a future joint combat camouflage uniform. This research addresses sociological perspectives of uniforms and their impact on team building, organizational authority, legitimacy, and social interaction control. The findings of this research show that implementing a U.S.-led coalition camouflage uniform could result in increased personnel morale, improved unit cohesion, improved personal safety and performance, and lower procurement and outfitting costs. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF military uniforms, joint, coalition, standardized camouflage, combat uniform, NATO, United PAGES Nations, Iraq, Afghanistan. 151 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. STANDARDIZED U.S.-LED COALITION FORCES UNIFORM Joshua L. Langhorne, Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy Oscar A. Martinez, Major, United States Marine Corps Abdullah Khilji, Major, Pakistan Army Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 2018 Approved by: Robert F. Mortlock Advisor Mie-Sophia E. Augier Co-Advisor Aruna U. Apte Academic Associate Graduate School of Business and Public Policy iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv STANDARDIZED U.S.-LED COALITION FORCES UNIFORM ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to conduct a feasibility study to determine if U.S.-led coalition forces could effectively wear a standardized camouflage uniform. If not feasible, the secondary purpose is to research the aspects of partial standardization of camouflage uniforms. This research examines advantages and disadvantages of uniform standardization through a political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. It analyzes the psychological and sociological cohesiveness, as well as potential competitive advantages, of the use of more technologically superior personnel equipment. This research examines coalition nation types of uniforms, camouflage patterns, performance specifications, uniform regulations, and procurement. The literature review consists of a research study conducted by the Government Accountability Office addressing the failure of the U.S. Department of Defense to develop a future joint combat camouflage uniform. This research addresses sociological perspectives of uniforms and their impact on team building, organizational authority, legitimacy, and social interaction control. The findings of this research show that implementing a U.S.-led coalition camouflage uniform could result in increased personnel morale, improved unit cohesion, improved personal safety and performance, and lower procurement and outfitting costs. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1 A. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................1 B. PURPOSE ...................................................................................................2 C. RESEARCH QUESTION .........................................................................2 D. SECONDARY RESEARCH QUESTIONS .............................................2 E. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................3 F. ASSUMPTIONS .........................................................................................4 II. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................5 A. PAST U.S.-LED COALITIONS ...............................................................5 1. Coalition Forces Operations after 9/11 ........................................6 2. Types of Camouflage Uniforms ..................................................10 3. Summary of Coalition Forces Uniforms ....................................41 B. UNIFORM REGULATIONS .................................................................42 1. NATO Standardization Agreements ..........................................42 2. UN Uniform Regulations .............................................................44 3. U.S. Uniform Rules and Regulations .........................................45 4. Summary of Uniform Regulations .............................................47 C. FOREIGN NATIONS UNIFORM PROCUREMENT POLICY ........47 1. European Union Nations Procurement Policies ........................47 2. Non-European Union Nations Procurement Policies ...............50 3. Canada ..........................................................................................51 4. Summary of Foreign Nation Uniform Procurement Policy .....52 III. LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................53 A. GAO STUDY ON JOINT UNIFORMS .................................................53 B. NATO STANAG 2333 .............................................................................55 C. NORDIC COMBAT UNIFORM ............................................................56 D. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE .......................................................57 1. Uniforms as a Team Building and Legitimacy Tool .................57 2. Effective Organizational Authority and Change ......................59 3. Legitimacy and Prestige ..............................................................62 E. THE MULTINATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY COUNCIL .........65 1. MIC Overview ..............................................................................65 2. MIC Logistic Planning Considerations ......................................67 F. LITERATURE REVIEW SUMMARY .................................................69 IV. ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................................71 vii A. POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, LEGAL, AND
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