DOCSLIB.ORG

The Genus Bilabrella Lindl. (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae): General Characteristic and Research History of the Genus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Genus Bilabrella Lindl. (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae): General Characteristic and Research History of the Genus Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 32: 9-24, 2013 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl DOI 10.2478/biorc-2013-0012 Submitted 22.11.2012, Accepted 15.06.2013 The genus Bilabrella Lindl. (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae): general characteristic and research history of the genus Marta Kras* & Dariusz L. Szlachetko Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, the University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland * corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The genus Bilabrella (Habenarinae, Orchidaceae) was described by Lindley in 1834, but within next years, different authors incorporated it as the section of the genus Habenaria Willd. From 2003, Szlachetko and Kras stated that there were no grounds for distinguishing the sections Bilabrellae and Replicatae. They restored the genus Bilabrella, transfering to it 93 species from the section Replicatae and four species new to science were described. The poor condition of the old plant materi- als, the lack of some type specimens for many species described by Schlechter and problems with a series of transitional forms between some species are only few reasons, why the revision of the genus has not been published so far. Bilabrella comprises orchids found in Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Bilabrella differs from other Habenariinae in its unique combination of features. y Key words: taxonomy, research history, Orchidaceae, Habenaria, Bilabrella, Africa LOGEN y PH 1. Introduction In 2000, Szlachetko and his team started to develop a taxonomic revision of Habenaria sensu latissimo. One of the most interesting representatives of the As a result of this work, the original Willdenowian AND order Orchidales is the genus Habenaria Willd. It was definition of the genus was restored, the boundaries of described by the German botanist Willdenow in 1805. Habenaria sensu stricto defined, the number of species y Since that time, it has embraced terrestrial orchids, contained within it limited and a range of new genera usually with inconspicuous green or white flowers. described (Szlachetko 2003a, 2003b, 2003c, 2003d; As exploration of tropical areas progressed more and Szlachetko et al. 2003; Szlachetko & Kras-Łapińska more, new Habenaria species were described, con- 2003; Szlachetko & Sawicka 2003a, 2003b; Szlachetko ONOM siderably expanding the boundaries of the genus, and 2004a, 2004b, 2004c, 2004d, 2004e, 2004f; Szlachetko x hence distorting its original definition. Not that long & Margońska 2004; Szlachetko 2005a, 2005b; Szla- ago, Habenaria comprised about 600 species and the chetko & Kras 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2006d, 2006e, ta number of published names within it amounted to circa 2006f). As a consequence of in-depth research of the 2400. collections maintained in Herbaria all over the world, y, In 1901, Kraenzlin published the first revision of and analysis of the original diagnoses, researchers Habenaria in which he provided descriptions of the have been able to enhance our knowledge of this plant sections and species known to science at that time. group. Since then, many new species have been described Unfortunately, conducting research on Habena­ and application of his Habenaria infrageneric clas- ria encountered many difficulties, one of the most sification often became impossible. Kraenzlin’s revi- major was the destruction of Schlechter’s Herbarium sion turned out to be non-predictive and soon proved with its multiple type materials during the World ARIABILIT inadequate. War II. V ©Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland), Department of Plant Taxonomy. All rights reserved. 10 Marta Kras & Dariusz L. Szlachetko The genus Bilabrella Lindl. (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae): taxonomic revision Bilabrella Lindl. is a taxon that is scarcely reco- upwards; the rostellum evenly linear-lanceolate, with gnized, despite having been described nearly 180 years fleshy, stalked rostellophores; petiolate leaves with ago. So far, no revision of the genus has been published, narrow blade; elongate inflorescence. None of these so it is not known how many species it includes, which features could differentiate Bilabrella from the broadly of those described should be distinguished and which defined Habenaria. A few years later, Lindley himself should be regarded merely as synonyms. Its high in- subsumed his genus under Habenaria. frageneric variability in relation to the structure of the In the monograph “Beiträge zu einer Monographie perianth segments and the presence of series of species der Gattung Habenaria Willd. (Allgemeiner Teil.)” in that are morphologically similar make Bilabrella a very 1891, Kraenzlin proposed H. macroceratitis Willd. as interesting subject of study. Like any taxon whose sys- type species for the genus. This, however, did not lead tematic position is unclear, it does require taxonomic to defining unequivocal boundaries for the genus itself, research. nor for the section within it. The aim of the present work is to prepare a back- As a consequence, Rendle (1895), when describing ground to the taxonomic revision of Bilabrella. The first a new species – Habenaria altior in “Flora of Eastern stage of the research involved determining the differen- Tropical Africa” – included it in the section Bilabrel­ ces between Bilabrella and other African Habenariinae. lae, and a similar one, Habenaria ndiana in the section The secondly, an infrageneric classification, the keys Replicatae. Rendle did not indicate the differences to determination and descriptions of all species are between these sections nor did he justify his view on proposed. this issue. In 1901, another work by Kraenzlin was published 2. History of the research on Bilabrella Lindl. which was only a revision of Habenaria, its title being “Orchidacearum Genera et Species”. Among Within the order Orchidales, a dozen or so genera other things he mentioned 28 species there which were described that comprise a considerable number of he included in the section Replicatae. He stated that species. Until fairly recently, one of the larger taxa at the differences between Replicatae and Bilabrella the generic level was Habenaria Willd., which included were so slight that these two should be treated as about 2100-2450 species names (according to The one. Kraenzlin defined the section Replicatae by International Plant Name Index 2013 and Tropicos- the following features: labellum divided into three Missouri Botanical Garden database 2013). The genus lobes, petals divided into two lobes; stigma with long was proposed by the German botanist, Willdenow, in stigmaphores. the fourth edition of “Species Plantarum” published In 1913, Bolus published “Orchids of Southern in 1805, where he included a description of two spe- Africa”. Knowing the defects of the Kraenzlin’s study, cies, namely Habenaria brachyceratitis Willd. and and with no intention of revising the whole genus, the Habenaria macroceratitis Willd. Willdenow did not author listed the Habenaria species in an alphabetical indicate the type for the genus, which was standard order. Many researchers followed him. procedure at that time. The quite brief description of the Also in 1913, “Flora Capensis” was published, where new genus caused serious taxonomic repercussions, as there was a chapter on orchids written by Rolfe. He almost all species of terrestrial orchids which originated placed Habenaria, under the number xxIV, offering from tropical or subtropical areas and had white or descriptions of 37 species. Following Bolus, he did not greenish, usually inconspicuous, flowers started to be recognize sections. Based on the Kraenzlin’s revision, included in Habenaria. The confusion in the taxonomy Bilabrella should have included 9 species described by of this group became even greater when Habenaria Rolfe. was made to include genera from the temperate zone One of the best known researchers of African of the northern hemisphere such as Platanthera Rich., orchids and discoverer of many of them was Sum- Coeloglossum Lindl., Piperia Rydb. and some species merhayes, who worked for the Royal Botanic Gardens of Orchis L., Gymnadenia R. Br. and Dactylorhiza at Kew. He described a great number of Habenaria Neck. species. In the early stages of his research on the ge- The genus Bilabrella was described by John Lindley nus, he accepted the existence of the separate sections in 1834. He placed there only one species, Bilabrella Bilabrellae and Replicatae. This clearly results from the falcicornis (Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 20: sub. t. 1701. species descriptions in a series of his articles published 1834). In the generic description, Lindley regarded the in the Kew Bulletin entitled “African Orchids” (1931, following features as diagnostic: fleshy sepals; lateral 1932, 1942, 1960, 1962, 1966, 1968), in wich Habe­ sepals of medium size; leathery, relatively large petals; naria limnophila Summerh. (1931) and Habenaria fleshy labellum with 3 lobes; the anther with elongated pauper (1932) were placed in the sections Replicatae antherophores, which are free and directed forwards or and Bilabrellae, respectively. With time, Summerhayes Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 32: 9-24, 2013 11 acquired more experience in his study of Habenaria reflexed, lateral sepals ending in an apiculus, petals and accepted the Kraenzlin’s proposal, uniting the divided into two basal lobes and gynostemium with two sections into one taxon. Each new taxon descrip- outgrowths were all placed in the section Replicatae. tion by Summerhayes shows great care for detail. In The two species that occur in Gabon were Habenaria
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • Trade in Zambian Edible Orchids—DNA Barcoding Reveals the Use of Unexpected Orchid Taxa for Chikanda
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Trade in Zambian Edible Orchids—DNA Barcoding Reveals the Use of Unexpected Orchid Taxa for Chikanda Sarina Veldman 1,* , Seol-Jong Kim 1 , Tinde R. van Andel 2 , Maria Bello Font 3, Ruth E. Bone 4, Benny Bytebier 5 , David Chuba 6, Barbara Gravendeel 2,7,8 , Florent Martos 5,9 , Geophat Mpatwa 10, Grace Ngugi 5,11, Royd Vinya 10, Nicholas Wightman 12, Kazutoma Yokoya 4 and Hugo J. de Boer 1,2 1 Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] (S.-J.K.); [email protected] (H.J.d.B.) 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; [email protected] (T.R.v.A.); [email protected] (B.G.) 3 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Postboks 1172, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; [email protected] 4 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK; [email protected] (R.E.B.); [email protected] (K.Y.) 5 Bews Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pr. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; [email protected] (B.B.); fl[email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (G.N.) 6 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia; [email protected] 7 Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 8 University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands 9 Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, CP50, 45 rue Buffon 75005 Paris, France 10 School of Natural Resources, The Copperbelt University, PO Box 21692 Kitwe, Zambia; [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (R.V.) 11 East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Data List Special Edition
    Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 6 No. 3 ISSN 1027-4286 November 2001 Invasive Alien Plants Part 2 Southern Mozambique Expedition Living Plant Collections: Lowveld, Mozambique, Namibia REDSABONET NewsDATA Vol. 6 No. 3 November LIST 2001 SPECIAL EDITION153 c o n t e n t s Red Data List Features Special 157 Profile: Ezekeil Kwembeya ON OUR COVER: 158 Profile: Anthony Mapaura Ferraria schaeferi, a vulnerable 162 Red Data Lists in Southern Namibian near-endemic. 159 Tribute to Paseka Mafa (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Africa: Past, Present, and Future 190 Proceedings of the GTI Cover Stories 169 Plant Red Data Books and Africa Regional Workshop the National Botanical 195 Herbarium Managers’ 162 Red Data List Special Institute Course 192 Invasive Alien Plants in 170 Mozambique RDL 199 11th SSC Workshop Southern Africa 209 Further Notes on South 196 Announcing the Southern 173 Gauteng Red Data Plant Africa’s Brachystegia Mozambique Expedition Policy spiciformis 202 Living Plant Collections: 175 Swaziland Flora Protection 212 African Botanic Gardens Mozambique Bill Congress for 2002 204 Living Plant Collections: 176 Lesotho’s State of 214 Index Herbariorum Update Namibia Environment Report 206 Living Plant Collections: 178 Marine Fishes: Are IUCN Lowveld, South Africa Red List Criteria Adequate? Book Reviews 179 Evaluating Data Deficient Taxa Against IUCN 223 Flowering Plants of the Criterion B Kalahari Dunes 180 Charcoal Production in 224 Water Plants of Namibia Malawi 225 Trees and Shrubs of the 183 Threatened
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the Embryo and the Young Seedling Stages of Orchids
    Development of the Embryo II' L_ and the Young Seedling Stages of Orchids YVONNE VEYRET Until 1804, when Salisbury found that orchid seeds could germinate, the seeds were considered sterile. Much later, in 1889, Bernard's discovery of the special conditions necessary for their growth and development ex- plained the lack of success in previous attempts to obtain plantules, and the success, although mediocre, when sowing of seed took place at the foot of the mother plant. Knowing the rudimentary state of minute or- chid embryos, one can better understand that an exterior agent, usually a Rhizoctonia, can be useful in helping them through their first stages of development (Bernard, 1904). Orchid embryos, despite their rudimentary condition, present diverse pattems of development, the most apparent of which are concerned with the character of the suspensor; there are other basic patterns that are re- vealed in the course of the formation of the embryonic body. These char- acteristics have been used differently in the classification of orchid em- bryos. This will be discussed in the first part of this chapter, to which will be added our knowledge of other phenomena concerning the embryo, in particular polyembryonic and apomictic seed formation. The second part of this chapter is devoted to the development of the young embryo, a study necessary for understanding the evolution of the different zones of the embryonic mass. We will also examine the characteristics of the em- bryo whose morphology, biology, and development are specialized when compared to other plants. 3 /-y , I', 1 dT 1- , ,)i L 223 - * * C" :.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) Author(S): H
    The Phylogeny and Classification of the Diseae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) Author(s): H. P. Linder and H. Kurzweil Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 81, No. 4 (1994), pp. 687-713 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2399916 Accessed: 27-07-2016 11:10 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Missouri Botanical Garden Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden This content downloaded from 137.158.114.36 on Wed, 27 Jul 2016 11:10:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE PHYLOGENY AND H. P. Linder2 and H. Kurzweil2'3 CLASSIFICATION OF THE DISEAE (ORCHIDOIDEAE: ORCHIDACEAE)l ABSTRACT The subtribal classification of the Diseae (Orchidoideae) is reviewed in light of the available morphological, leaf anatomical, and palynological data. These data are critically assessed, and the more prominent features are illustrated. The data are analyzed cladistically, and the robustness of the various components of the most parsimonious tree is assessed by a bootstrap analysis. Based on the cladistic analysis and the bootstrap analysis, a new classification is proposed for the Diseae.
    [Show full text]
  • Using the Checklist N W C
    Using the checklist • The arrangement of the checklist is alphabetical by family followed by genus, grouped under Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. • All species and synonyms are arranged alphabetically under genus. • Accepted names are in bold print while synonyms or previously-used names are in italics. • In the case of synonyms, the currently used name follows the equals sign (=), and only refers to usage in Zimbabwe. • Distribution information is included under the current name. • The letters N, W, C, E, and S, following each listed taxon, indicate the known distribution of species within Zimbabwe as reflected by specimens in SRGH or cited in the literature. Where the distribution is unknown, we have inserted Distr.? after the taxon name. • All species known or suspected to be fully naturalised in Zimbabwe are included in the list. They are preceded by an asterisk (*). Species only known from planted or garden specimens were not included. Mozambique Zambia Kariba Mt. Darwin Lake Kariba N Victoria Falls Harare C Nyanga Mts. W Mutare Gweru E Bulawayo GREAT DYKEMasvingo Plumtree S Chimanimani Mts. Botswana N Beit Bridge South Africa The floristic regions of Zimbabwe: Central, East, North, South, West. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants edited by Anthony Mapaura & Jonathan Timberlake Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 • 2004 • Recommended citation format MAPAURA, A. & TIMBERLAKE, J. (eds). 2004. A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe-Mozambique)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 93 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe-Mozambique) Jonathan Timberlake1, Petra Ballings2,3, João de Deus Vidal Jr4, Bart Wursten2, Mark Hyde2, Anthony Mapaura4,5, Susan Childes6, Meg Coates Palgrave2, Vincent Ralph Clark4 1 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, 30 Warren Lane, East Dean, E. Sussex, BN20 0EW, UK 2 Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, Zimbabwe 3 Meise Botanic Garden, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium 4 Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa 5 National Her- barium of Zimbabwe, Box A889, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe 6 Box BW53 Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe Corresponding author: Vincent Ralph Clark ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Riina | Received 10 December 2019 | Accepted 18 February 2020 | Published 10 April 2020 Citation: Timberlake J, Ballings P, Vidal Jr JD, Wursten B, Hyde M, Mapaura A, Childes S, Palgrave MC, Clark VR (2020) Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe- Mozambique). PhytoKeys 145: 93–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 Abstract The first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, situated in the Manica Highlands along the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, is presented. Although covering only 276 km2, the flora is rich with 1250 taxa (1127 native taxa and 123 naturalised introductions).
    [Show full text]
  • Key to the Checklist
    Key to the checklist • The checklist is divided into four broad categories: pteridophytes, gymnosperms, monocotyledons, and dicotyledons. • Families are arranged in alphabetical order under each plant group. • Genera and species are also arranged alphabetically. • The currently accepted generic and species names are in bold print. • Synonyms are indicated by italic script. Synonyms are listed twice: in the alphabetical listing followed by the accepted current name, as well as in parentheses under the current name. • Species names preceded by an asterisk (*) are exotic plants, some of which have become naturalised in Zambian ecosystems. • Genera and species marked ◆ indicate that they have been cited ex lit. for Zambia by Leistner (2004). • The abbreviations following the plant names indicate the provinces where species have been recorded. These provinces differ from those recognized in Flora zambesiaca. For a complete listing of districts in each province, see page 10. Ce Central Province N Northern Province Co Copperbelt Province Nw North-western Province E Eastern Province S Southern Province Lp Luapula Province W Western Province Ls Lusaka Province Distr? Distribution unknown A checklist of Zambian vascular plants A checklist of Zambian vascular plants by P.S.M. Phiri Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 • 2005 • Recommended citation format PHIRI, P.S.M. 2005. A checklist of Zambian vascular plants. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32. SABONET, Pretoria. Produced and published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001, Pretoria Printed in 2005 in the Republic of South Africa by Capture Press, Pretoria, (27) 12 349-1802 ISBN 99916-63-16-9 © 2005 SABONET.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Coastal Forests of Kenya, East Africa
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 147: 1–191 (2020) Checklist of coastal forests of Kenya 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602 CHECKLIST http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated checklist of the coastal forests of Kenya, East Africa Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau1,2,3,4, Quentin Luke4, Mwadime Nyange4, Vincent Okelo Wanga1,2,3, Benjamin Muema Watuma1,2,3, Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni1,2,3,4, Jacinta Ndunge Munyao1,2,3, Millicent Akinyi Oulo1,2,3, Elijah Mbandi Mkala1,2,3, Solomon Kipkoech1,2,3, Malombe Itambo4, Guang-Wan Hu1,2, Qing-Feng Wang1,2 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Gar- den, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China 2 Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SA- JOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Corresponding author: Guang-Wan Hu ([email protected]) Academic editor: P. Herendeen | Received 23 December 2019 | Accepted 17 March 2020 | Published 12 May 2020 Citation: Ngumbau VM, Luke Q, Nyange M, Wanga VO, Watuma BM, Mbuni YuM, Munyao JN, Oulo MA, Mkala EM, Kipkoech S, Itambo M, Hu G-W, Wang Q-F (2020) An annotated checklist of the coastal forests of Kenya, East Africa. PhytoKeys 147: 1–191. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602 Abstract The inadequacy of information impedes society’s competence to find out the cause or degree of a prob- lem or even to avoid further losses in an ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Markets, Mixtures and Molecular Methods
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1689 Markets, mixtures and molecular methods Investigating medicinal plant and edible orchid diversity in Tanzania and Zambia SARINA VELDMAN ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-513-0376-5 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355182 2018 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Zootissalen, Villavägen 9, Uppsala, Thursday, 13 September 2018 at 09:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Prof. Julie Hawkins. Abstract Veldman, S. 2018. Markets, mixtures and molecular methods. Investigating medicinal plant and edible orchid diversity in Tanzania and Zambia. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1689. 36 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0376-5. Medicinal plants are an important source of primary healthcare for many people in Tanzania. These medicinal plants are harvested from the wild, and increasing commercial trade poses a serious threat to local plant populations. Currently it is unknown which species are traded and in what amounts. Across the southwestern border in Zambia, the traditional dish chikanda has transformed from a niche product to being a mainstream delicacy. One of the main ingredients are wild-harvested orchids, and these have become depleted throughout the country as an effect of the increased trade. It is unclear which orchid species are targeted and might be at risk of overharvesting. The aims of my doctorate are to map harvest and trade of Tanzanian medicinal plants and Tanzanian and Zambian edible orchids, to investigate whether species that are traded on local markets can be identified using molecular methods such as DNA barcoding and metabarcoding and identify conservation issues arising from wild-harvesting of medicinal plants and edible orchids.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\My Documents\Sally\Wetlands See CD\Volume II Chaps 1 & 2 Whole
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 1 & 2 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 1 : VEGETATION ........................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .................................................................. 1 1.2 Wetland vegetation and habitats .................................. 2 1.3 East Caprivi, Namibia .................................................. 5 1.4 Barotse Floodplain, Western Zambia ........................... 8 1.5 Zambezi Delta, Mozambique ........................................ 11 1.6 Overall assessment and conclusions ............................. 15 1.7 References .................................................................... 16 FIGURES 1.2-1.5 Vegetation maps ................................. 19 APPENDICES ............................................................... 27 Appendix 1.1: Zambezi Delta - vegetation type descriptions .................................................... 27 CHAPTER 2 : WETLAND PLANTS .................................. 31 2.1 Introduction ................................................................... 31 2.2. Previous work ............................................................... 32 2.3 Wetland habitat types ................................................... 34 2.4 Wetland species ............................................................ 35 2.5 Aquatic weeds .............................................................. 40 2.6 Sites and species of interest .......................................... 41
    [Show full text]
  • 7Th International Orchid Conservation Congress
    7TH INTERNATIONAL ORCHID CONSERVATION CONGRESS Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 28 May – 1 June 2019 Welcome to Kew! The International Orchid Conservation Congress (IOCC) series started in Western Australia in 2001, and subsequent meetings were held in Florida, Costa Rica, the Czech Republic, La Réunion and Hong Kong. At the meeting in Hong Kong, it was decided that IOCCVII should be held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The title for IOCCVII is “Orchid Conservation: the Next Generation”, and we hope that the focus will be on the importance of involving the next generation of orchid conservation biologists and on the use of next-generation techniques. We are delighted to welcome more than 150 delegates from around the world to share their experiences of orchid conservation with each other. Orchids are among the most highly threatened groups of plants, with threats to orchids including habitat destruction, legal and illegal trade and climate change. As a result, our mission to conserve orchids is of increasing importance – if we don’t act, then we may be the last generation to see some groups of orchids, notably slipper orchids, in the wild. We are grateful to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for the use of the venue and for logistical support. The Lennox Boyd Trust, the Linnean Society of London and Orchid Conservation International and friends and family of the late Amy Morris provided financial support which has allowed us to provide bursaries for orchid specialists from Developing Countries so that they can attend the congress. We have an exciting and busy programme – with many talks and posters and other events including a demonstration of orchid propagation, a “World Café” session on conservation planning (arranged with the Conservation Planning Specialist Group) and a meeting of the Orchid Specialist Group.
    [Show full text]