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I tt (1002)8tt-ttt:(€)€ I ,rs,,{rN N,ryrstaVol. 13, No. 3 (2001) charactersused by earlierauthors. This paperdraws attention to five taxawhich are recognized as prioritytaxa for conservation,as well asone Gazetted Rare species, and a furthervariety which has a limiteddistribution, and provides information on theecology of the genus.

Methods

Descriptionswere made primarily from freshmatedal, supplemented with measurementsfrom herbariumspecimens to ensurethe full rangeof variationwas recorded. Illustrations were prepared from voucheredfresh material or herbariumspecimens. All taxahave been seen in thefield with the exceptionof C intermedia.

Terminologywhere appropriate follows McCusker ( 1999).Bractmeasurements aretaken from t}te four innermostbracts. Leaf laminameasurements were made only from branchletleaves as stem leavescan be considerablylarger and vary with stemage.

Themain characters used to separatespecies were: presence or absenceof a distinctunderground rhizome;presence of stilt roots;vigour of basalsprouting; angle of matureleaves; leaf lamina shape andindumentum; bract shucture and shape; perianth texture and coloration; anther shape, size and colour;staminal filament length.

All specimensheld atBM, CANB,KPBG, PERTH, and UWA atJuly1999 havebeen examined as well as substantialcollections on loanfrom L andMEL. All specimenscollected by J.C.Anway, previouslycited as being held at UWA (Anway 1969),are now at PERTHand have been examined. Furthercollections were made from June to December1999. A completelist ofspecimensexamined is heldat KPBG.

Mapswere created using ArcView 3.0 using a combination oflocality data sourced from examined herbariumvouchers, (Western Australian Herbarium 1999, MEL database)and field collections.All specimensexamined with accuratelocality data have been included in the distdbutionmaps.

Noteson thegenus

Ecology

Calectqsia speciesoccupy a variety of habitats,occasionally in seasonallyswampy areas,usually low heathon sandover latedte or graniteor in low woodland on sand. C. browneana,C' hispida and C- narragara are sympatricin kwongan vegetationnear Badgingarta. C. cyaneais restrictedto near- coastalheath on sandover lateritein the Albany region. C. gracilis andC. obrasaare sympatric in low kwongan near Cape Riche with C. gracilis flowering later than C. obtusa. C. grandiflora (lype vatiant) andC. narragara aresympatric in severallocations on theS wan Coastalplain, C.gra ndiflorafloweing considerablylater than C. narragara. C. intermedia occursin woodlandand heath in eastemVictoria and westernSouth Australia. C keigheryi occvs inkwongan in the FitzgeraldRiver National Park ontlle southcoastofWestem Australia. C.palustris is restrictedto seasonallywet areasor swamplands in the Jurien-Coorowregiorr- C.pignqttiu?c isrestrictedto yellow sandlensesinthecental wheatbelt. 'sluala aJguee.rleq pecnpoJd sl peoseJnsuo ol lueua8eu€urarg InJJJ€J 'osntqo 'C 'slllcDr8 'J 'oauotJ 'J Sqrlnber srepeeselutgqo gu am ouo!1tDu8ldJ pw s.utsryDd? 'DuDau!$olq'C 't?eJrp 'uox€l elplPeulturou rapunpue pua:dsepr^l aJ? exll JrI Jo repuEureJarll qcee ropunpatsrl eJ? seuoSelecuope,r:esuoc (t66I ) NCnI pu?hl'M lJ?d l?uorlsNro^rd pleje8zltdarl uI suop?coleeJql uro4 ,(po umoul sr3&a13ra1 ? uI?IdtPlssoJ uE.rs aw uo uopnqlnslpPetru{l fte^ B sEq(tuEuu^ edft) otoifrpuotS'3 seNeseJeplstno Jncco suolpFdod lsouJ pu? eJg ol e^rlrsuesaI? 'suogepdodr'ra; uror; u.trourlare .{eql se uop?^Josuoc JoJ seroods ftpopd supenuSo Jeram sutsnpd ') ptmDsnjqo 'J'oauD(J 'C 'ouDauorq'J'e]J.serltJoBuru:nqluenbar;;o11nse:use.(1a111tsolx'6661 u1s1ueld 69 ue4 sselol S66I ur peJpunqpre^as uro{ sJequrnuur peurlcap,{puecgruErs suq,(trpcol ed,{1eql 1euopelndod reqloue pu? 'elrs euo 18Surtrarns 1ue1d euo ,{IIo qlr,{\ paJe8uupue,{flutlluJ '('sut 'C s1selceds srq; nppu.to ? se(866I) 7r ta uaoJg) ?JoldeJ?U pejElceq sl ?ao!trpu8!d

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Wills (1993,pers. comm.) studied the effectsof dieback(Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands) on Dasypogonaceaesens. /ar. in theStirling Ranges and found that cqlectasiL plants wele restricted in theirgrowth, but not killed, whileDasypogon bromelifolius R. Br. waskilled. While no voucher specimenswere collected, this study probably refels to C. I randiflora(sortth coast variant), the most common taxon in the Stirling Range. Further study should be made to determinethe effects of P. cinnamomior stilt-rootedspecies.

All stilGrootedspecies are thought to bekilled by fire. Hundredsof seedlingshave been observed of C. gracilis(G.Keighery pers. comm.) and C. pignattiana (Brown et al l998) followingfire, while all adultplantshadbeen killed. Ittakes(2)3-5 or more years for thesespecies to flower and presumably a substantiallylonger period to attainmaximum reproductive potential, therefole fire frequencymuSt be carefullycontrolled to ensuresuryival of thespecies.

Habit

Calectqsiaspecies are either obligate seeders (stilt-Iooted species) or resploutels(rhizomatous species).All stilt-rootedspecies have epicormic buds above the soil surface while rhizomatous species hive epicormicbuds below the soil surface. Stilt-rooted species take two forms, obligate stilting species (C.gracilis, C. obtusa, C. palustrisarld C. piSnattiona) arldfacultative stilting species (C. browneana, andc. cyanea).For obligatestilting species, stilt rootsmay not be observableabove ground in the firstthreeyears ofgrowth;however stiltroots subsequently form with a discernible absence ofadistinct Subtenaneanrhizome. Careful observationis requiredwhen collectingspecimens as several collectionsdescribed as rhizomatous were found to be stilt-rootedwhen re-collected. For facultative stiltingspecies, specimens can appear to haverhizomatous habit as the stilt roots may not emerge above 'stilt-rooted' thesoivlitter surfaca. The term isretained for thesespecies as it is entirelyvariable within a populationand prominently stilting specimens can usuallybe found.

Carefulsuperficial excavation is required to determinethe true nature ofthe rootsystem. Very few collectionsinclude roots (root collectionis discouragedfor conseryationreasons) making coffect identificationof somematerial difficult. C' grandiJlora,C. hispida,C. keigheryiand C. narragara aretufting clonat resprouters with a distinctsubterranean rhizome, all observedto resproutfollowing fr]e. C. intermediaisdistinctive in possessinga more extensive clonal ramification and subtenanean rhizome.Seed set in theseclonal species is verypoor with few observationsoI recordsof seedlings 'not in natureincluding after fire. Thisis despiteclaims that seedlings are uncommon'(Gray 1969).

Elliot& Jones( 1982)have recorded adventitious roots from the upper branches for c. cyaneasens. lar andprobably refer to thestructures akin to stiltroots(Pate et al.1984). Although it is unclearwhich speciesthis refets to, thecurrent study found plominent Stilt Ioot productionflom theupper branches only in therare spe cies C. palustris and c. pignattiana.sand-binding roots as described by Pate& Dixon (1996)are recordedfor the genuscalectasia for the first time, occurringin all species (Figure1).

Thereare some examples ofboth seederand resprouter morphotypes within speciesofmonocots in otherAustalian plant families (Pate & Bell 1993,Pate & Dixon 1996,Pateet al. 1999),however thedifferences in growthformfor Calectasia (with no intergrading specimens) areconsidered sufficient to usethis characterto distinguishbetween species in this genus.

The stilt habitis uniquein theDasypogonaceae .ren,r. clifford ei al. (1998)with moreprorninent andlarger stilt roots than most other stilt-rooted plants (e.g. Anthericaceae, Droseraceae, Stylidiaceae 'Jals,r rllr,r lceluoc:o7pue 1q311 o1 enp Bu1qceelq;o uonu[tquror c ol enpst Eurpe;q1uuue4 (pet to u,,r\oJqEulpEJ flensn) snoacegocFIun0 Jo (elq.a\Sslp?J) snoec?lI?q3 raqlle se peproceJ sl eJnlcn-Dsqluuuad

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Anther poresare either terminal orjust below the apex (facing inward). This charactercan be representedin either statefor somespecies, however intermediate forms (gradationbetween terminal and sub-terminal)are not found. For most taxa antherpore position is fixed.

Relationships

Relationshipswithin the genusrequire further researchand no attemptis madeto presenta formal infragenericclassification. The following groupingshave been derived using the number of characters sharedbetween each species. The first groupconsists of C browneana,C. hispidaatd C. narragara whichall lackvestigial leaf laminae on theirfloral bracts. Group two comprises C. cyanea,C. gracilis andC.pignattiona, which are all stilrrootingspecies with perianthlobes fading whiie. Groupthree compises C. grandiflora, C.palustis ardprobably C. obtusa,whichare large-flowered species with perianthlobes fading to red/brown. Group four includesC. intermediaand C. keigheryi whicltboth have goldenpilose hairs on the perianthtube; narow perianthlobes not fading red/brownand relativelyshort staminal filaments. Group two is thoughtto beclosest to groupthree, these groups to groupfour andgroup one most distant.

Taxonomy

CalectasiaceaeEndl. in Fenzl& Endl.,Gen. Pl. i: 132(1836) las Calectasieae].

Type: CalectasiaR.Br.

Juncaceaesl:bfarn. CalectasioideaeMeisn , Pl. Vasc. Gen. : Tab.Diagn. 406 ( I 842)las Calectasieael. - Juncaceaeftibe CqlectasieaeBenth., Fl. Austral.7: 93, I l9 (18?8).

A monogenericfamily, comprisingonly Calectasia,closely allied to Dasypogonaceaeser?J. Brummitt(1992). The original publication ofthe familyname has often been cited as 'Endl., Gen. Pl. viii: (1838)',however the name was first publishedin Endlicher(1836).

Thefamily Calectasiaceaeis recognized as distinct from Dasypogonaceaebased on recentDNA evidence(Barthlott et al, inqep.), TheAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998) included Calectasiaceae withinDasypogonaceae, placing the family in anunresolved position within the Commelinoid clade. Studiesby Bafihlottet al. (in prep.)resolve Calectasiaceae and Dasypogonaceae as sisterfamilies within the Arecales. The position of Calectasia has vaied greatlyin the past. Originally placedin Juncaceae(Brown 1810,Meisner 1842, Bentham 1878), then placed in its own family (Endlicher 1836),ithas also been included inLiliaceae(Jessop & Toelken 1986), Xanthonhoeaceae (Anway 1969, George1986, Conn 1994,Mabberley 1997), Dasypogonaceae (Rudall & Chase1996, Angiosperm PhylogenyGroup 1998, Clifford et al. 1998),or acceptedas Calectasiaceae (Dahlgren et al. 1985, Brunllrftt 1992,Takhtajan 1997, Watson & Dallwitz 1999,Barthlott et al. in prep.). In addition, Calectasiaceaeis recognizedin the National registerof plant nomenclaturefor Australia (Chapman i999).

Calectasiais uniqu.ein theDasypogonaceae sens. Clifford et al. (1998)in manyaspects, the most obviousfeatures being solitary flowers with a chartaceousand persistent perianth. The persistenceof the perianthand its apparentuse for dispersalof the seedsis unknownin the remainderof this group andis anuncommon feature in thepetaloid eumonocots, Stilt roots are not found in anyother genera of theDasypogonaceae sens. Clifford et al. (1998). 'DlxotraloJ sn\te8 eql Jo uollnqutstc Z arn8ld r\ :*'-! v, o

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Figure 3. Speciesdistribution A - Calectasiabrowneana o, C, cyaneac, C. piSnattiana0; B - c. g/dcilis o' C. narragara oi C C. grandiflora (type variant) o, (wheatbeltvariant) 0, (south coasl variant) .; D - C. hkpida o, C. keigheryi .', E - C. palustis ., C. obtusa oi F ' C. intermedia., westem Australian maps show the phytogeographicregions of Beard (1980). '(v,$n'rgr,,{"I 'Cgd>I'X'SNVJ'I Ig'gIV'qV.osr:t9r1tgg}HJ-)ci]1d.:qoU)66ZIatloq7'V'6661,(p1g'erprsny 's,.90, 'pPor ulelsei['9,,89.I zogII €0"0€ p€er{ueerc-rt\oroo3uo,(e,trqSql puzrgJo ls€a ru{ 9 z .srd,(J

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IJndershrub,stjlt-rooted; rhizome absent. Stems to 60 cm, with many very shortlateral branches Leaflam\na8.3-15.2 x 0.2* 0.4mm, with weaklybarbed pilose hairs; apex cuspidate with a pungent mucroc. 0.25 mm long;sheath with weakly barbed pilose hairs . Bracts11.1-11.4x2.0-3' I mm,white, thin, apexacuminate, margins pilose. Perianth:lutbe 7 .2-8.0 mm long,pilose in lowerhalf; throat glabrous;lobes chartaceous, 8.8-10.5 x 2.6-3.0mm, apex acuminate, pale blue-pink, fading, pilose onabaxial surface. S taminalfilaments 2.l-2.9 rtmlor'g.Anthe rs 3.54.3 x 1.0-1.2mrn, apex incurved, yellow,tuming orange-red with age,pores terminal orbelow apex. Sryle 9.3-10.1 mm long, exceeding anthers.Seeds not seen.(Figure 4)

Otherspecirnens exarrined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1.2kmS ofintersection ofCoorow-Greenhead roadonBrandHighway,50mNWofrest area,30"04' I l"S, 115"19'52"E,3July 1999 ,R.L. Barrett 1300 (KPBG,PERTH); 3.3 km W of BrandHighway, on S sideof Greenhead-Coorowroad near fence, 30"04'08"S,115"17'53"8,1995, K.W. Dixons.n. (KPBG,NSW, PERTH); Eof BurryRd,6 Aug. 1986, A.S.George 16791 (PERTH); Champion Bay, [28"46'5, I14"38'E], \873, C. Gray s'n' (MEL); 3km W ofBrandHighway, offcreenhead-Coorow road, 30 July 1995,M. Hislops.n. (PERTH); 1.5 km S ofGreenhead-Coorowroad, onBrand Highway, on private property onW sideofHighway,30"04'40"S, I l5'19'30"E,29 June 1997, M. Hislop786(PERTH)i Kalbari NationalPark, 0.35 km N of Kalbani- Ajanaroad on tumoff to HawkesHead, 27'49'10"5, ll4'27'46"8, 5 Aug. 1996,G.l. Keighery& N. Gibson1922 (PERTH).

Distribution.SoutrwestBotanical Province. An uncommonspecies recorded mainly in theCoorow- Eneabbaregion, with a disjunctpopulation near Kalbarri. (Figure3.A)

Habitot. White-8j.ey sand overlaterite in kwonganwith emergent Banksia ottenuataR.Bt., Eucalyptus todtianaF. Mtell overAdenanthos cygnorum Diels, Banksia candolleana Mei.sn', Calothamnus quadrifidusR. Br.,Eremaea beaufo rtioides Benth., G rev illea shuttleworthiana srbsp. conarina Olde & MaJJiott,Hypocalymma angustifoliun (Endl.) Schauer,Scholtzia laxillora Benth. and Stirlingia latifolia(R. Br.) Steud.,occasionally w\th Kingiaaustralis R. Br.

Floweringperiod. Juneto August.

Conservationstqtus. CALM ConservationCodes for WesternAustralian Flora: Priority Two.IUCN: VUD l. Thisspecies occurs in onelarge national park and in four roadsidepopulations, two of which extendto privateland. Furtherstudies are urgently required to determinethe fire responseof tltis species.

'Breakaway', Etymology.The specificepithet honours John and Judy Browne, owners of on whose propertythis species occurs and who have endeavoured to conservehighconservation valuekwongan vegetationon their land.

Affinities.Closest to C hispidaand C. narragara,drffering principally in thepilose leaf lamina and facultativestilting habit.

Notes.The common name ofBtowne's Tinsel Lily is suggestedfor thisspecies. This is a facultative stiltingspecies whichmay appearrhizomatous assoil often aggregates atthe plantbaseforming araised moundaround the roots. Itdoes notform a distinct subteffanean rhizome and all shootsarise from above the soil surface.There is very minor storageof starchin the stemand in centralpith of stilt roots suggestingthat this species would not have sufficient reserves to resproutfollowing fire. Whileits fire responsehas not beenobserved, this speciesis almostcertainly killed by fire. The densepilose indumentumon theleaf laminaeis uniquein the genus. '66?-1 tlz.ttDg ?U lno4 u.&ErC tutu t =(-a urr I =v:sl"q "I ', eFcS (U oprs prxeq? eprs prxvpv) raqlue - C:YadsJeel - J:Jeel- g:llq?q- V ouoeu^orq Dlsotralo7 afi8ll

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Calectasiacyanea R. Br., Prodr.264 (1810). ?yperPrincess Royal Harbour, King GeorgeSound, WestemAusfialia, December 1801, R. Browns.n. [No. 5778added later] (lecto: BM 00593503fide Anway ( 1969);isolecto: BM 000593504,lllBL 247846).

Undershrub,usuallywith stilt roots; rhizome absent. Sterur to 40 cm, with few shortlateral branches, crowdedat the apex . Leaves:lamina6.5-13.2 x 1.0-1.3mm, glabrous, margins scabrous, apex acute with a pungentmucro 0.5-0.7 mn long; sheathwith sparsebranched ffichomes with branched trichomeson margin . Bracts6.8-7 .5 x | .6-2.3mm, light green to pale brown, lamina apex and margins with branchedtrichomes, apex with vestigialleaf larnina2.5-3.1 x 0.5 mm. Periqnth: fibe 6.5-8.0mm long,pilose in lowerhalf-two thirds;throat with tangleofshort hairs; lobes chartaceous, 8.3-11.2x 2.1-3.3r n, apexacute, dark blue,fading to white,pilose on abaxialstde. Staminal Jilaments2.6-3.0 mmlong Anthers4.9-5.2 x 0.9-1.2mm, yellow, tuming orange-red with age,pores terminal.Srlle 9.5-(12)mm long,exceeding anthers. Seeds not seen.(Figure 5)

Otherspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA [preciselocalities withheld]: Torndimrp NationalPark, 25 Nov.1999,R.L. Barreu,N. Bluethgen & K. ReifenrathI37 6 (ALB, BM' CANB' K' KPBG,MEL, PERTH,UWA); TorndimrpNational Park, 26 July I99\, C.A HortinZl6 (PERTH)i TorndimrpNational Park, I Oct. 1986,G.J. Keighery 11733 (PERTH); King GeorgeSound, 1836, A.Macleay s.n.(PERTH);Torndirup National Park,7 Aug. 1988,P. MorrrsSplOTNl (PERTH) I Cape ... [?WestCape Howe], mid 1800's,A.F.OIdrteMs.n'(MEL): south-westAustralia,Anon. s.n.(MEL); KingGeorge Sound ,l A,.tg.1884,Anon.47 (MEL); [?KingGeorge Soun d], Anon.I016 (exHerb. Paris) (BM); KingGeorge Sound, 1880,\ry. IryebD s.n. (MEL); KingGeorge Sound, 1888,W.Webb s.n.(MEL); King GeorgeSound,l89l-2,W. Webbs'n' (MEL).

Distibution. Restrictedto TorndinupNational Park and Albany region ofthe SouthWest Botanical Province.(Figure 3A)

Habitat. Yel\ow sandover laterite in low heathwith Adenanthoscuneatus Labill', Allocasuarina humilis(Otto &Dietr.) L.A.S. Johnson,Banksia grandisWilld. (dwarf variant),I1a kea prostrataR'8r., JacksoniahoruidaDC., Lysinema ciliatum R' Br', Melaleucasp., Petophile squamataR. Br. and Poaceaesp,

Floweringperiod. (July)August to December.

Conservationstatus. CALM ConservationCodes forWestem Aushalian Flora: Priority Two. IUCN: VUD1. Thisspecies is only known from a small area from King George Sound and Torndirrup National Park. Theonly maturepopulation seen (in TorndinupNational Park) consisted ofonly five tussocks totallingc. 30ramets (where new shoots are produced from thebase of thestem which may detach from theparent plant with time, the new shootfirstproducing its own stiltroots). Approximately 50 seedlings werefound in anadj acent area bumt four years previously where all adultplants had been killed. These seedlingswere c.3 years old though only 3-6 cmtall. Theyrequiremonitoring to determine pelcentage survivingto maturityand age of reproductivematurity. Many old collectionsgive only King George Soundas the collection location. Much ofthis areahas now beendeveloped as the site ofthe city of Albany and for agriculture. Furthet surveysare urgently requiredto determinethe cufient extentof this species.

Etymology. The specific epithetis from the Latin - cyaneus'meanir'g dark blue' in referenceto the flowercolour. 'gLel 'c ltuc 10p arrog ?d, uro{ u^l?rc ruulI = D I = g-v:sr?q ep.s lPol- c:(u rprsIEI}eqE'-l rprs lBrxEpe)reqtue - C :la.rou - A latqruErq8uno,t - C:(sr,{ €) Sullpaas- J:rlqeq - g'V Dauo{rolsolraloJ I aJn?ri

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Typificatkn.Two typesheets at BM contain12 specimens, representing two taxacollected by several 'Bennett's botanists.Anway (1969) selected Robert Brown's collection No. 5778' asthe lectotype (BM 00593503).This sheetincludes eight specimens, which appear to showtwo differentvariants. Examinationof specimensin thefield at TomdirrupNational Park found this variationto be an artefact of the ageof the branches.All eightpieces on this sheetare accepted as formingthe lectotypeas designatedby Anway.

Thesecond sheet contains four specimensrepresenting fow separatecollections and two taxa.The cenhalspecimen (BM 000593504)is theonly elementthat can be considered part ofthe originaltype setand is hereregarded as an isolectotype. A secondspecimen of C cyanea(BM 000593507)is not regardedas an isolectotypeas it appearsto havenot beencollected by Brown. The remainingtwo specimenson thesame sheet (BM 000593505and BM 000593506)belong to C gracills.Specimens on the sheetMEL 247846match the type sheetwell andthere is no indicationthat this is part of a separatecollection so it shouldbe regardedan isolectotype

Affinities.Closestto C gracilis andC.pignattiqna, drffei\g\n its clumpinghabit (due to vigorous basalsprouting). It alsodiffers from C.piSnattiqna in its rron-reflexedmature leaves.

Notes.This specieshas previously been considered to be widespreadin the south-westof Western Australia.Many publications include illushations I abelled C. cyanea,most ofwhich are now regarded asC, narragara.

C. cyaneahas the latestflowering period in the genus,predominantly from late springto early summer.

Thefollowing specimen is of uncertainPlacement: gravel reserve comer Rockwell Rd andAlbany Highway,45 km N of Mount Barker,34"16'57"S, 117'49'28"8,7 Sep. 1986, E J. Croxford4592 (ALB n.v.,PERTH). This location has been searched twice withoutfinding any plants. Only branches werecollected and the rootinghabit was not recorded.This specimenis similarin appearanceto C. cyaneahoweverit is well outsidethe known range of thisspecies in verydifferent habitat. Further specimensincluding rooting habit are required to determinethe statusof this taxon.

Calectasiagracilis Keighery,sp. nov.

Calectas[aepignattianae afltnis sed habito parviore, foliis junioribusadpressis differt

?ypas:c. 7 km N ofCapeRiche on SandalwoodRoad, 34'34'52"S, I18"43'08"E, Westem Austalia, 4Oct.1999,R.L. Barrett,K.W. Dixon & M.D.Barrett 1'344 (ftolo: PERTH 05542448" iso: AD' ALB' BM. CANB,K, KPBG,L, MEL, NSW,PERTH 05542456,UWA).

undershrubw\thstilt roots;rhizome absent. Stenrs to 30(45)cm, with manyshortlateral branches. l*aves: lamina5.4J.2 x 0.5-0.6mm, glabrous, margins finely scabrous;apex acute-obtuse usually with a pungentmucro 0.2-{.5 mrnlong; sheath with branchedtrichomes on margin.Bracts 6.2-1 .5 x 1.8-1.9mrn, white, thin, marginsglabrous, apex with vestigialleaf lamina 1.6-1.8x 0 5 mm. Perianth:ntbe 5.74.9 mm long,pilose in lowerhalf; throatwitl tangleof shorthairs, lobes thinly coriaceous,8.1-9.5 x 2.0-2.8mm, apex acuminate, blue, fading to paleblue, pilose on abaxialside. Staminalfilaments1.9-2.2 mmlong. Anthers 5.0-5 '4 xl.2-1.4 mm,yellow, tuming orange-red with age,pores below apex. Style6.2J.2mmlong, exceedinganthers. Seed.t not seen.2n = 18 (Anway 257)fide Anway(1969). (Figure 6) 'EleI'lolag rog TV ruo{ u^lerq ululI=J g lucI=V "I :srsq apcs Jvel - J:(d opls lBlxsq? epls puepv) roql@ - E llqeq - V slllro.t3 olsot,alo) 9 etr.Rll

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Selectedspecimens examined (12 of 36). WESTERNAUSTRALIA: 37 mile peg[c. 59.5km] from Albanyon ChesterPass Rd, 23 Alg. 1965,J.C. Anway 257 (PERTH): between road and Wellstead Roadhouse,34"29'37"S, 118"36'18"8, 4 Oct. 1999,R.L. Barrett, K.W. Di-xon & M.D. Bqryett1343 (KPBG):King GeorgeSound, ?R. Brown s.n. (ex [herb] Bauer) (BM); 4kmN ofHopetoun,33"54'54"S, 120'08'25"8,8 May 1996,R. Davls RD 687 (PERTH); 37 mile peg [59.5 kmN], Albany-Bordenroad, 12 Aug.1964,A-S-George 6397 (PEI.TH); Quaalup, Gairdner River, 28 Oct. 1965,A.5.George 6951 (PERTH);6.5 kmS ofSaltRiver Rd on Red Gum Pass Rd,24 Oct. 1993 ,A.5. George 17153 (PERTH); nearMount Bland, south Coast, 3 Oct. 1970,B.Jq. Maslin 1035(PERTH): BlackwoodRiver, 1883, M. McHard,s.n. (MEL); baseofthe StirlingRanges, Oct. 1867,F. Muellers.n. (MEL); 15.5miles [25km] W ofOngerup,Z2Atg.1962, K. Newbey355 (PERTH): l.TkmSofMtGibbs,c.34kmENE ofLate King, l0 Aug.1979,K. Newbey5482 (PERTH); BremerBay,l90O,J.Wellsteads.n'(PERTH).

Disffibution.From Albany and Stirling Range National Park east to Hopetounwith an earlyrecord apparentlyfrom theBlackwood River, South West Botanical Province. (Figure 38)

Habitat. Qsaxtzitesands, in malleewoodland or heath,often over laterite or granite.Recorded in associationwith -Banksiasp., Darwinia vertita (Endl.) Benth . andEucaLyptus redunca Schauet.

Floweringperiod. May to October.

Conservationstatas. Scattered in theStirling Range National Park, Fitzgerald River National Park, CapeRiche, and extending east to FrankHann National Park. Uncommon,but widespreadand not underimmediate threat.

Etymology.The specificepithet - gracilis(Lati\) meansslender.

Affinities. Closestto C. pignattianadiffering principally in havingappressed rather than reflexed leavesand a smallerstature.

,ryoteJ.The commonname of GracefulTinsel Lily is suggestedfor thisspecies.

Thereare two collectionswhich appear to fit C. gractlis,howevertheh locations are well outside the known rangeof any moderncollections (Murchison's River, c. 1853,J. Drummond446 'W. (BM 000593505(labelled only Austalia'),MEL2064143) & GreenoughFlats, ll874l, C. Gray s.n. (MEL 2064153)).It is uncertainwhether these collections have been incorrectly labelled or whetherC gracilismay haveonce had a widerdistribution including the nonhernkwongan.

This speciesis killedby fire (G. Keigherypers. comm.).

CalectasiagrandifloraPreissinJ.G.C.Lehmann,Pl.Preiss.2(1):53(1846).Type;DarlingRange,near Perth,Western Australia, 1839, L Preiss1'975 (lecto: MEL 24784'1,here designated;isoleoor L 0109478,MEL 247848,?MEL 20641l 1p.p. (seebelow)).

Undershrubwithout stilt roots, rhizome short, clonal. Sternr to 65 cm,with manylateral branches. Leaflamrna 5.2-16.5 x 0.,1-1.2mm, glabrous or with branchedtrichomes on abaxialside, becoming glabrous,margins finely scabrous;apex acute with a pungentmucro 0.3-0.6 mm long; sheathwith branchedtrichomes on margin,otherwise glabrous. Bracts papery-thickened with a palebrown apex, outerbractsbrownto reddishbrown,9.6-ll.2xl.3-2.4mm,apex sometimes with vestigialleaf lamina 'Dto.ttsotd 'oJpSDJJDu olJDulwlApue uoslrl& C InEd(qJrU V) oiDtds DcaUplttld oa4DH DlsopalDJ 'tDJlqDH r{lr^\qleaq-qn.rJs .ro1 ur suere,{drue,trsur Sur,tror8 se paprocoJ'ursld IulseoJ ue1tl.S arllt uO

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Fi9lure1. Calectasia8nndifloru (tyrf- variant) A - habit; B - flower (cross-section);C - leat D - bract; B - anther (adaxial side L, abaxial side R), Scalebars: A = 1 cm, B-E = 1 mm. A druwn from R L Barreu & K.W. D*on 1319, B-E from G,/, Keighery 6282, 'lSEl p ta rerrog "7'A r[o4 u ]wrp Or.q :6€01 3t J ,t ruo4 u tsrp 'um tt..trog 7Auroqu etp g:tl$l9,Z'lfrI'6LLPltot rrr.rQ'7 u!o.gu^lsrp V I = D'rrur I = d'g '1 :sIEq aIEcS u!Er3 [ellod - C :(U eprs pFEqe opls lslx8p€) Eqlue - J :J?et - A :llqsq - ''I Wnos)l(U epls lslxBqs epF lelxeps) requ! - C JBel - A llq"q - V (luBp€^114$a\a') oJolllr,Puor?

'uoxrc 'A,\) 6Zt sapods ^reu lqgtc r11ut'olswca|oA snuaBor{t Jo uorsuor V puB llalj€g T { 430 Nl)trid Vol. 13, No. 3 (2001) juncea (Schradet& Wendl.) Hoffsgg. In southcoastal regions, in sparsewoodland or heathon sand with Agonis sp.,Allocasuarina sp., Eucalyptus spp., ar'd Kingia australis , oftel near granite outcrops. In the wheatbelt,commonly in shrub mallee heathon white sandor in Eucalypt woodland on loam. Recorded in association with Allocasuarina pinaster (C.A. Gardner) L.A.S. Johnson, Ban&sia sphaerocarpaR.Br.,BequfottiabracteosaDiels,B.micrenthaScharer, Callitris roel (Endl.) F. Muell., CalytrLxleschenaultii(Schauer) Benth. , Dryandra erythrocephalaC.A.Gardner,Eremaeapauciflora (Endl.) Druce,Caca lyptus albid.aMa\den &Blakely, E. tetragona(R. Br.) F. Muell.,Grevillea cagiana McGillivray, Melaleuca pungens Schauerand Petrophile ericifolia R. Br.

Flowering period. (July) August to Septemberin the Perth region, July to October in the wheatbelt and October to November south of the Stirling Ranges.

Cytology. 2n = 18 for south coast variant (voucher:"/. C Anway 253) recordedby Anway (1969). 2n = 36 for wheatbeltvariant (voucher G.J. Keighery 1090) recordedby Keighery (1984).

Conseruationstotus. Not under irrmediate threat. The two non-typical variants are widespreadand locally abundant. The typical variant is only known from swampy areason the Swan CoastalPlain, mostly in reseryeswithin the Perth Metropolitan Region. Further researchis required to determine whether this taxon has a broaderrange than is indicatedhere. A specimenfrom Colbe (5. Saunders s.n. [ACB 38495] (PERTH) has tentatively been determinedas the Type Variant pending further fieldwork.

Etymology. The specificepithet is from the Latin-grcndis meaninggreat and-foris meaningflower in referenceto the large flower size relative to C narragara.

Typification. Three sheetshave beenfound which belong to Preiss' original collection (L 0109478, }4.EL24184'l andMEL247848). George( 1986)cited thetwo MEL sheetsas isotypes withoutreferdng to a holotype or specifying lectotype. MEL 247847 is in the bestcondition and bearsa label with the number '1975' in Preiss'hand. It is heredesignated as lectotype. L0109478 bearsan identical label and is here consideredto be an isolectotype. MEL 247848 bearsa similar label in a different hand. The specimensmatch thoseon the other two sheetsand it is also acceptedas an isolectotype. None ofthe sheetsbears any locality data.Preiss ( 1846)cites the collection location for Herb. PreissNo. 1975 asbeing in swampyareas near the Darling Range,Perth, 1839. Thereis anothersheet (MEL 20641I l) 'Herb. labelledas Preiss1974' which is amix of C. grandiflora arrdC. narragara. The top centreand bottom left specimensbelong to C. grandiflora while the remainder ate C. nanagara. There are a 'Herb. further threeduplicate sheets of Preiss1974' at MEL, all of which areC. narragara. ltrs qutle 'Herb. possible that the two elementsof C. grandiflora were part of Preiss 1975' and mistakenly '1974' mounted with in which casethey may be regardedas a third isolectotype.

Affinities. Closestto Cl.palr.rtris, differing principally in having a shortclumping rhizome ratherthan stilt roots and similar to C. intennedia which has a long decumbentrhizome.

Nores.Commonly calledthe BlueTinsel Lily, itis suggestedthat it shouldbecalled the Large-flowered Tinsel Lily to distinguishit from C cyanea. The specimenCronin s.n. has only three perianthlobes per flower though it is otherwisenormal.

Threevariants appear to berecognizablebasedonhabit and minorfloral characters,howeverfurther researchis requiredbefore formal recognitioncan be made. Polyploidy may have played a role in the 'pgeuungBuop[uqZt)sa]']Ulz:(lglN)grvpuowwul't''p's'n^\duoslqrrnt\l:(HIUgd)662t 'V'L66I '5,,60,82.62'uoltesrelul 'pU s!^DO KetNBZ'g.,ZV,tt.gl I pU su?pv lunonl ruo{ S ur{ 9I 'S't'896t 's8uudg suqruotr:(HIUgd)Lglpnag 3ny 31 aarquo rt&[uDI9I] saFu 0I :(V,4dn'HJUSd 's.,9s,8t"0€ '1yLSN"IAht'Cgd)')'SNVJ'hlg'S.Iv'qY)9081uaup{'7 u'666I,{lnf t's,tt,€9"sI I ',{uedord 'uulooy;o 'pU '.oIEA '99S8 fo eprsi[ uo ,46ur{ ZI .{rpunog Eue^Y, co'I ounoqlel 'I 'S,,1 'eerP ',(e.tq8tg :(HJdgd) t}EI ua.uog A'6661 tql t'g,,Zg,6t"9I I l,t0"0g lsalJo IAN I.u0S puerguo pEoJpEaqueerD-,rorooJ Jo uonJJsralul Jo S uq Z l :(HIU3dl 991tDMuV JT'9961 'g.l '9,91.67',{e.,'rq8rg ,{lnl IZ I.SI I [pwrg] uotpl?JeCuo .t'aue8uq,rtrpue ere8uoq uee,nleq ,{e,'n ;pq'c'fe,trperpuepeoruoa,^Alaq:VIIYUISnVNUAJSS,,\[(6I Jo0I )pawwDrasuawtradspaQaps

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Undershrubwith stiltroots 30-55 mm long;rhizome absent. Stemr 8-50 cm, with severalshort lateralbranches. Z"ayesr lamina4.5-8.5 x 0.5-{.9mrn, often appressed to stem,glabrous, apex obtuse, mucroabsent (rarely to 0.2 mm), margin with dendritic trichomes; leaf sheath almost glabrous- scattered with shondendritic trichomes, longer on margins.Apical lamina exceeding length of perianthtube byc. 1/2theirlength.Bracts9.3-10.9x1.3-1.6mm, pale brown, thin, margins with dendritic trichomes, apexwith vestigialleaflamina0.8-2.5 x 0.3-0.4mm. Periqnth:tube7.7-8.8 mmlong, pilose in lower third andupper one fifth; shorttangled barbed hairs in thrcat,lobes thinly coriaceous,10.6-13.1 x 3.2-3.5mm, apexacuminate, margin blue, fading to paleblue, centre wine red, not fading,pilose on abaxialside. Staminalflaments 2.7-3.8 mm long. Anthers 4.04.7 x1.2-1.3mm, yellow, not tuming orange-redwith age,pores terminal. ,tryle9.5-10.8 mm long,exceeding anthers. Seeds not seen. (Figurel3)

Otherspecimens exanined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: c.7 kmN ofCapeRicheon Sandalwood Road, 34'34'52"5,11843'08"E,4Oct. 1999, R.L. Barrett,K.W. DLxon &M.D. Barreu \345 (AD, ALB, BM, CANB,KPBG, MEL, PERTH,UWA); TielineRd,betweenParkerandMooreDamRoads,Gnowangerup, 33"56'S,118t0'E, 17 09 1986,E.J. CroSord 4836(PERTH); S of TwertupDr., FitzgeraldRiver NationalPark, 34'00'5, 119"21'E, l1 July 1970,A.S. George s.n. (PERTH); BungupNorth Rd & NewdegateRd intersection, NW segment,N ofdrain& Sofculvert, 33.17'20"S, I 18"53'16"E, l7 Aug. 1995,M.5.GrahamMSG 515 (PERTH); Beynon Rd,30mN ofMagentaRd,33"l4'40"S, 118"57'55',E, 17Ntg.1,995, M.S. Grahan MSG 516 (KNG 2.v., PERTH); GairdnerSwamp,9.6 km NW of Quaalup, 34'12'S,119"21'E,20 July 1993, C.W. HassellH96 (UWA); KwoberupfKwobrup] Rd,33"37'S, 117'58'E,28 June 1966,F.W. Humphreys3 (PERTH); MissionRd, 20-30 km E of Kojonup, 33"49'05"S,ll7"l4'20"8,l4 Aug. 1997,C.M. lcwis 248 (PERTH); William River andW of the BlackwoodRiver, .r.d., Muir s.n.(MEL); GordonInlet Rd, I km N ofjunctionbetween Gordon Inlet Rdand Gairdner River Rd,34'19'S, I19"24'E,6 Alg.1974,G. Perry l87B (PERTH);?BremerRiver, 1884,W. Webb24 p.p. (MEL).

Distribution.Scattered between Kojonup and Hopetoun, South WestBotanical Province. (Figure 3E)

Habitat.In greyclay loam in openwoodland with Dryandra subpinnatifida C.A. Gardner, Eucalyptus wandooBlakely and.Melaleuca sp. In low heathover laterite in nearcoastal areas with Calectasia gracilis,Hakea spp., Iambertia sp.and Lysinema ciliatum.

Floweringperiod. July to August.

Conservationstatus. CALM ConservationCodes forWestem Australian Flora: Priority Three. While thisspecies has a relativelywide distribution, it is only knownfrom ninepopulations, two of which areon road verges, comprising two and twelve plants. A thirdpopulation is recorded as 'several clumps, in openwoodland'. Relatively common in theCape Riche area. As it is a stilt plantrelying on seed to recruitfollowing fire, careful management is requited to ensurethe survival of thisspecies. Further researchis requiredto determinethe growth rate of thisspecies.

Etymology.The specificepithet is from theLatin - obtusus,referitg to theobtuse apex on theleaf lamina.

Afrnities. Probablyclosest to C. gracilis,diffeing in its robusthabit and anthers remaining yellow with age. Similaralso to C.palustris, which has prominently mucronate leaves and grows only in swampyareas of thenorthem kwongan. 'sltl 10 t2 garrog ?u ruo4 u,rBrq ultu I = J'B 'ruc "I I = V:$sq alers ]?ol - J:(U oprsprxBqs epls plxepv) reqtuv- g:lrqeq-V osnrqoolsptraloJ El atn9t!

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Notes.The cornmonname of Blunt-leavedTinsel Lily is suggestedfor this species.Thele are two growth forms for this species,specirnens from CapeRiche and the southcoast being predominantly 5-15 cm tall with very few branchesand specimensfrom northern populations tending to be 15-35 cm tall with numerousbranches. Complete integration has been found inland from CapeRiche with shortplants occurring on skeletalstony soils and larger plants occasional in deepersands.

Calectasiapalustris R.L. Banett& K.W. Dixon,sp. nov.

Calectasiaegrandiflorae affrr'is sedrhizomate nullo differt.

Z)prrr. south-westof Badgingarra[precise locality withheld],Western Australia, 30 July 1999, R.L.Barrett 1307 (holo; PERTH 05542413; iso.' AD, ALB, BM, CANB, K, KPBG,L, MEL, PERTH 05542421.UWA).

l/ndershrubwith stiltroots 40-110 rnrn long; rhizome absent. S/ems to 70 cm, with manyshort lateralbranches, occasionally with adventitiousroots. I*aves: lamina'l-23 x 0.4{.7 mm, glabrous abovewith shorttufted ftichomes below, margins scabrous at base,becoming glabrous; apex obtuse 'witha pungentmucro 0.2 mm long;sheath with branchedtrichomes on margins.Bracts 11 6-13.8x 1.5-2.1 mm, creamywhite, thin, marginsglabrous, apex with vestigialleaf lamina 1.6-2.5 x 0.44.5mm.Periant.tube9.9-10.1mmlong,piloseinlowerhalfanduppereighth;throatwithtangle of shorthairs, lobes thinly coriaceous,l0.2-12.2 x 1.7-2.1mm,apex acuminate, blue, fading to red, piloseon abaxialside. Staminalfilaments 1.0-2.2 mm long, very dark blue, Anthers4.7-5 8 x 0.8-1.1 mm, yellow, not tuming orange-redwith age,pores terminal. Sryl€10.6-12.0 mm long, exceedinganthers. Seed.r not seen.(Figure 14)

Otherspecimens exanrized. WESTERN AUSTRALIA [preciselocalities withheld]: typelocation, 3Jld,ly!999, R.L Barrerr1303 (KPBG); wofCoorow,11Dec. 1999,R.L Batett1378 (KPBG,PERTH); loc.cit.,8Oct.1992,E.A. Grffin1165 (PERTH); /oc. cit.,23Oct.1992, S. Patrick&A. BrownSP1389 GERTH).

Distribution.Known only fromtwolocations 70km apart, betweenCeryantes and Coorow, SoutiWest BotanicalProvince. (Figure 3E)

Habitat. Grov.tsin seasonallyinundated (G-20 mm) swampland,growing with Anigozanthos pulcherrimusHook.,Banksiq?micranthaA.S.George, Bybl is giganteaLindl , CalytrixspP ', Grevillea preissiiMeisn. subsp. pretssli and Me laleuca systena Craven in whitesand at the typelocation, and in Actinostrobusarenarius C.A. Gardnerscrub with Bqnksialeptophylla A.S' George,Calytrix flavescensA, Cutn-,Ecdeiocolea ruonostachyaF.Mtsell,, Eremaea beaufortioides vat, microphylla Hnatiukand Melaleuca seriataL\ndl., in greysand west of Coorow.

Floweringperiod. LateJuly to Octobel.

Conservationstqtus. CALM ConservationCodes for WestemAustralian Flora: Priority One. IUCN: VUD1. Thetype location is adjacentto a naturereserve however no plantswere found in thereserve. No seedlingswere found in an adjacentarea that had been bumt two yearspreviously. This areais classifiedas aDieback Risk Area. Studies are urgently required to determinethe effects ofdieback on this species.The typepopulation was surveyedin December1999 and found to consistof c. 120 tussocksin a narrowstrip of disturbedsand, mostly 5-10 m from theroadside. The population west 'ntl 'urur 'ulc uarrog ?y uro{ u^\erc I = (I-g I = '|1 ,ll :srBqellrs J€al -C:(U eplsFlxBqt oplslsrxspp) roqlus - C:re^tou - g:rlq?q-V si4rqDd olsopapC

'uotqq .l{.X selrods ,{eu ry31eq]Jtt orswcapoSsnue8 eql Jo uolq^ol V pue lerrvg .t.U 444 Nrlbia vol. 13, No. 3 (2001) of Coorowis in a naturereserve. It wasalso surveyed in December1999 and found to consistof72 tussocksin anarea 10 x 15m. Eachtussock consists of 10-100ramets. Numerous areas ofsimilarhabitat weresearched inthe vicinity ofboth locations, howevernonew populations werefound. A thirdknown locationwest of Coorow(not representedby any collections)was searched but no Plantscould be located.Further surveys of similarhabitats are needed, particularly following fire.

Etymology.The specific epithet is derivedfrom theL atin- palustria,meaning swampy, in reference to theunusual habitat preference for this species.

Affinities.Similar in appearanceto C. grandiflorodiffering in its stilrrootinghabit, and to C obtusa, differingas stated under that species.

Noles.The conmon nameof SwampTinsel Lily is suggestedfor thisspecies.

Thereis very minorstorage of starchin outerpith of stilt rootsand this speciesis expectedto be killedby fire. Old specimenscan form large tussocks (Coorow population up to 40 x 60 cm)consisting of upto 100ramets. The age ofthese clumps is uncertain, however they are thought to bewell in excess of fifty yearsold.

Calectasiapignattiana K.W. Dixon& R.L.Barett, sp.nov.

Calectasiaecyaneqe affinis sed foliis reflexis,staminum filamentis brevis differt.

Typzs;near Quairading Iprecise tocality withheld], Western Australia,20 September 1988, K.W. Dixon 861(iolo; PERTH01730436; rso; AD, BM, CANB,MEL).

Rhizomeabsent, plant with stilt roots10-60 mm long. Sterusto 60 cm, slender,with manylateral branches,occasionally with adventitiousstilt roots protruding from upper branches (to 150mm long). Leaves:laminal.2-l 1.5x 0.9-1.4(2.5)mm, glabrous, margins usually glabrous, occasionally slightly scabrous,apex acute and with a pungentmucro 0.4-0.7 mm long;sheath with branchedtrichomes on margin.Bracts 5.9-6.6 x 1.9-2.1mm, white atbase, thin, brown at apex, brown median stdpe, margins with branchedtrichomes, apex with vestigialleaf lamina 1.6-2.1x 0.243 mm. Perianth:ttbe 6.2-7.1mm long,pilose in lowerhalf andin threelines for entirelength; short barbed hairs in throat, lobeschartaceous, 6.5-9.0(13) x 1.2-2.0mm, apex acuminate, dark blue, eventually fading, pilose on abaxialside. Staminalfilaments Ll-2.2 mm long. Anthers4.0-5.1x 0.7-1.0mm, yellow,tuming orange-redwith age,pores terminal. Sryle 8.9-9.6 mm long,prominently exceeding anthers. Seeds 2.7x 0.5mm. (Figure15)

Selectedspecimens examined (I4 of 22). WESTERNAUSTRALIA: nearToolibin, 28 Oct. 1992, E.M.Bennett 5646 (KPB G); nearQuairading,26Sept. 1990, R.M. CliilonRMC2 (PERTH); S of Hyden' l9Nov. 1991,A.M.Coates 3497 (PEF.TH); Near Lake Wagin, 1895,M Cronins.n.(MEL); Sources of BlackwoodRiver,1889, M. Cronins.n. (MEL); Nof Arthur River,l6Nov. 1992,V'Crowley & "/.Szrith s.n. (PERTH); NEof Kukerin,l5 Oct. 1984,EJ. Croxford3534(ALB av, PERTH);NEof Harismith,2T Oct. 1986,E.J. Croxford 5351(ALB n.v., PERTH); N ofDumbleyung,3Dec.1992, G. Durell GD l8 (PERTH);Between the Swan River and King GeorgeSound, 1881, J. Forrests.n. (MEL); Nof Dumbleyung,2TSept. 1975, J.W. Green 44ll (PERTH); BlackwoodRiver, 1876, MissHester s.n. (MEL);N of Dumbleyung,24Aug. 1985,G. J. Keighery &J.J AI&rd 1084(PERTH)I nearToolibin, 16 Dec. 1998, G. WcrrenSW 00106(PERTH) lprecise localities withheld]. '(81d,{q u^lsrpC-C'g'Prlqur-"d I,{q u^lelpJ T V) I98 uoxlQ'A'X wou la'c'u[u u^l?ro uur I = c I = J'uI, t = g'Y:sJ?qePss JEal-c:rrcqr rq-J:lceJq-a:(d apls s0=c'luru '91 lErxeq!',I eprsl€lxspE) reqru? - ( lre^\ou- J:Gr,{ €) 3ullpaas- g'.!tq?q-V Duoutou7ldolsolralo) elnZld

'uoxlc .I selJeds ^\au tl?la q\M olsopalo) snue8 eqt Jo uolsl^er V /d ) puB rrar?g d

I Nultsia YoL 13, No. 3 (2001)

betweenArthur River, Distribution. south west Botanical Province. scattefedpopulations occur (Figure 3A) Dumbleyung,Lake Graceancl Hyden with a disjunctpopulation near Quairading'

with Habitat. Yellow sandlenses, in kwongandominated by Proteaceae.Recorded in association AcaciamicrobotryaBenth',Adenanthossp.,Allocasuarinahumilis'Banksiasphaerocarpa' pauciflora'Hakea B. violaceaC.A. datdnet,Cqlothamnus sp', Dryandra cuneata R' Br" Eremaea sp" Melaleuca trifurcata, Kunzeapreissiana Schauer,lambertia iticifolia Hook" I'eptospermum (Endl Schauer' ui"irotoi. sr., Niytsiafloribunda(L^bill') R. Br. exFenzl, P ericalymmq ellipticum ) Petrophile longifolia R. Br. andXanthorrhoea preissii'

Floweringperiod. Juneto September.

IUCN: conseryationstutus.cALMConservationcodes folwestemAusffalianFlora: DeclaredRare. CRC2(a),Tendifferentlocationsareknown,fourofwhichareonroadverges.onesiteconsistsofone is thought plant oniy, a secondof threeplants while no plantswere found at a third site A fouflh site is io havebeen cleared since thl originat collection wasmade. The type populationnear Quairading underthreatfromfrequentburning(thisspeciesisknowntobekilledbyfire)andrestrictedextentof ofcurent theprefen€dsoil type. surveys of allknown sites ale urgently requited to ascertainthe extent populations.

Etynology.ThespdcificepithethonoursProfessolsErikaandAlessandroPignattiofRomeonthe south-west o""urioriof th"it sinentiettrbirthdays,They havecontributed greatly to our knowledgeof vegetationassociatidhs and have collected extensively, including many taxa new to science'

Affinities,Sifii]la|toc.cyaneaandc.Sr4cilisbutdifferingasstatedunderthosespecies.Thelaminae atanthesis' arl alsocaducous earlier than other species, K W.Duon 861(the type) being almostleafless

species Nates.This specieshas been given the common name of StiltedTinsel Lily. As six stilting arenowknown'itissuggestedthatthisspeciesbecalledPignatti'sstalofBethlehem.Thisspecies haspreviously beenknown underthe manuscriptname of C. amoldii (Brown et aI' 1998\'

possibly Thecollection G. warrenSW 00106 was desoibed by thecollector as being rhizomatous, duetoyoungplantsnothavingvisiblestiltroots(onlybrancheswerecollected).ThiSsitehasbeen visitedand plants were found to be stilt-rooted.

(PERTH); Twocollecrions are doubtfully included here (s ofKulin,28A ttg.1995,G. DurellGD 102 SofHyden,20Sep.1999,J.Weges.n.(KPBG,PERTH,UWA))'Theydifferinhavinglarger'non- reflex;d leavesand a larger perianth. Furtherresearch is requiredto determinetheir status.

Acknowledgements

we wouldlike to thankNeville Marchant and staff at PERTHfor allowingaccess to specimens housedat theWestem Australian Herbarium and the curators of BM, CANB, L andMEL for arranging (MEL) also loans,especially Roy Vickery (BM)' RoslynGrace (CANB) and Cathryn Coles We would (B) like to thank Luc W] emse(L) for locating specimensat L andThomas Raus for confirming that no Type specimensare extant at B, andPaul Wilson for theLatin diagnoses' --

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