Forestry Commission ARCHIVE

Fo re stry Com m ission: Bulletin No. 1 4

London: Hen Majesty’s Stationery Office

Price 6d. net

FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 14

FORESTRY PRACTICE

A Summary of Methods of Establishing Nurseries and with Advice on other Forestry Questions for Owners, Agents and Eighth Edition 1964

Edited by Herbert L. Edlin, B.Sc., Dip.For. Forestry Commission

LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1964 First published 1933 Eighth Edition 1964

© Crown copyright 1964

Published by H er M ajesty’s Stationery O ffice To be purchased from York House, Kings way, Londonw.c.2 423 Oxford Street, London w.l 13a Castle Street, Edinburgh 2 109 St. Mary Street, Cardiff 39 King Street, Manchester 2 50 Fairfax Street, Bristol 1 35 Smallbrook, Ringway, Birmingham 5 80 Chichester Street, Belfast 1 or through any bookseller

Printed in England for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by James Townsend & Sons, Ltd., Exeter. FOREWORD

T his Bulletin was originally conceived in 1933 by the late Sir Francis Acland, who was then a Forestry Commissioner, with the object of making available to landowners and others concerned with private estates, the experience and knowledge gained by the Commission’s staff. It does not purport to be a formal textbook covering the whole science of forestry, but rather a handbook of those operations that the aveiage landowner, his agent, or his , have to tackle most frequently. As Acland pointed out, no printed account can provide a complete substitute for the information and advice that an owner may gain from an actual inspection of his by a professional consultant or by one of the Commission’s staff concerned with advisory work. But much useful knowledge, and a host of facts required for reference, can be set down in print. Over the past thirty years, seven editions of this Bulletin have been issued, and the necessity for a full revision, to take account of the many recent developments, had become apparent. This work was entrusted, in 1963, to a group of experienced Forestry Commission officers who augmented their own experience and knowledge with that held by other members of the Commission’s staff. This present edition is, therefore, very much the outcome of team work, though certain people have been mainly responsible for particular sections. Mr. J. R. Aldous is the principal author of Part I, which deals with Nursery Work; he was assisted by Mr. J. Atterson. Mr. R. F. is responsible for the revision of Chapters 8 to 12, on the Establishment of Plantations. Chapter 13, on Thinning, was overhauled by Mr. D. R. Johnston and Mr. J. W. L. Zehetmayr. Dr. D. H. Phillips saw to Chapter 14, on Diseases, Mr. D. Bevan to Chap­ ter 15, on Insects, and Mr. C. A. Connell to Chapter 16 on Fire Protection. Chapters 17 to 19, on Utilisation, have been revised by Mr. E. G. Richards, while the notes on forest tools in Chapter 20 were contributed by Mr. J. W. L. Zehetmayr. FORESTRY COMMISSION, 25 Savile Row, London, W.l. June 1964

CONTENTS

PAGE PAGE

PART I : NURSERY WORK C h a pte r 6. N u rsery P r o tec t io n 21

C h a pt e r 1. E stablishing a F orest C h a pte r 7. N u rsery E q u ipm e n t . 22 N ursery .... 1 Site Requirem ents ...... 1 S i z e ...... 2 Layout ...... 2 PART II : WORK Site P reparation ...... 2 Fencing the Nursery .... 2 C h a pte r 8. C h o o sin g the L and and Initial Fertilizing and Correction of th e C rop .... 24 Excess A c id ity...... 2 Selection of Land for Planting . . 24 C h a pte r 2. T he G r o w in g of Selection of Species to Plant . . . 24 S eedling s .... 3 Seed Sources and Provenance . . 27 Supply of S eed...... 3 Imported S eed ...... 27