SEXUAL VIOLENCE PROGRAM | CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY: MAY 2013 HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER University of California, Berkeley, School of Law SAFE HAVEN SAFE fromSheltering Displaced Persons Violence Sexual and Gender-Based

SAFE HAVEN | HAITI CASE STUDY Human Rights Center, 2013 This four-country study was conducted as part of the Sexual Violence Program at the Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law. It was written by Kim Thuy Seelinger, with substantial contribution from Laura Wagner.

The Human Rights Center at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law conducts research on war crimes and other serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. Using evidence-based methods and innovative technologies, we support efforts to hold perpetrators account- able and to protect vulnerable populations. We also train students and advocates to document human rights violations and turn this information into effective action. More information about our projects can be found at http://hrc.berkeley.edu

The Sexual Violence Program seeks to improve protection of and support for survivors of conflict- related sexual violence by providing policymakers and practitioners with evidence-based recommenda- tions about accountability and protection mechanisms. This study aims to initiate discussion about the kinds of temporary harbor available to individuals fleeing sexual and gender-based violence in forced displacement settings such as refugee camps and internally displaced communities. The four case- study locations are Kenya, Haiti, Colombia, and Thailand. All fieldwork occurred in 2012.

This report was made possible by grants from the United States Department of State Bureau of Pop- ulation, Refugees, and Migration, as well as the International Women’s Program of the Open Society Foundations and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. The information provided and views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of these funding agencies.

Other reports in this series include:

Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Case Study: Colombia, Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, in conjunction with the UN High Commis- sioner for Refugees, Geneva (2013).

Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Case Study: Kenya, Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, in conjunction with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva (2013).

Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. Case Study: Thailand, Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley (2013).

Safe Haven: Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence. A Comparative Report, Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley, in conjunction with the UN High Commis- sioner for Refugees, Geneva (2013). SAFE HAVEN Sheltering Displaced Persons from Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

CASE STUDY: HAITI Kim Thuy Seelinger Laura Wagner

HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER SEXUAL VIOLENCE PROGRAM

May 2013

CONTENTS

acronyms and abbreviations / 1 executive summary / 5 i. study introduction / 17 Background / 17 Literature Review / 17 Study Objectives / 19 Methods / 20 Limitations / 21 ii. country background / 23 The Earthquake / 24 Demographics / 25 Crisis Management / 26 iii. sexual and gender-based violence in haiti / 29 Gender Roles / 29 Threshold Sexual and Gender-based Violence / 29 Displacement-Related Sexual and Gender-Based Violence / 31 Response to Post-Earthquake Sexual and Gender-Based Violence / 32 iv. findings / 35 Shelter History, Contexts, and Types / 35 Before the Earthquake / 35 Since the Earthquake: Shelter Contexts and Profiles / 36 Unconfirmed and Future Options / 51 Challenges and Strategies / 52 Community Relations and Perception / 53 Security / 55 Provision of Medical Care / 58 Emotional Well-Being / 59 Exit Strategies /