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University M iaxSiims International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8305395
Soppelsa, Robert Thomas
TERRACOTTA TRADITIONS OF THE AKAN OF SOUTHEASTERN IVORY COAST
The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1982
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University Microfilms International TERRACOTTA TRADITIONS OF THE AKAN
OF SOUTHEASTERN IVORY COAST
DISSERTATION
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate
School of The Ohio State University
By
Robert T. Soppelsa, B.A., M.A., M.A.
*****
The Ohio State University
1982
Reading Committee: Approved By
Professor Mathew Herban III, Chairman
Professor Franklin M. Ludden
Professor Howard Crane
Adviser Department of History of Art ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Without the cooperation of countless potters, elders, and villagers in southeastern Ivory Coast, this dissertation could not have been writ ten. Though the individuals are too numerous to mention individually,
I extend my deepest thanks to all of them for their patience, hospitality, and cooperation. I wish also to thank my interpreters, Joseph Nogbou and
Yapo 0ss6, who provided me with many hours of assistance in the field.
Generous assistance was also provided by the following individuals:
Susan Vogel, Francine Ndiaye, Colette Nolle, Etienne F6au, Vinigi Grott- anelli, Rende Boser-Sarivaxevanis, Dr, Howard Kofler, Philip Ravenhill and
Judith Timyan, Albert and Estera Votaw, Dr. and Mrs. Emmou Koffi, Victor
Diabat£, Jean Polet, Jonathan Burmeister, Mamadou Sail, Lillian Baer, and
Gabrielle Holcomb.
The field research and writing of this dissertation was undertaken in 1978-79 and 1980-81, with the help of the following grants: a Fulbright-
Hayes U.S. Office of Education Grant for Dissertation Research Abroad, an Ohio State University Presidential Fellowship, and an Ohio State Uni versity Graduate Student Alumni Research Award. I am deeply grateful to all three grantors, without whose support the research would not have been possible.
I thank my advisor at Ohio State University, Dr. Mathew Herban, III, for the many hours of attention and encouragement he has given to this project, and Dr. Roy Sieber of Indiana University, who first suggested the topic and has followed its progress with interest. Thanks are also
due to Dr. Franklin M. Ludden and Dr. Howard Crane for aggreeing to be members of the reading committee.
Finally, my warmest thanks to my wife, Betty, and my son, Peter,
for their patience and support during the long hours which were necessary
for this project's completion.
iii VITA
Oct. 16, 1946 ...... Bora - Youngstown, Ohio
1968 ...... B.A. (International Studies), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
1968-70".'...... U.S. Peace Corps Volunteer, Ivory Coast, Africa
1971 ...... M.A. (History), New York University, New York City
1974 ...... M.A. (History of Art), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
1974-73 ...... Instructor, Dept, of Art, Mary Wash ington College, Fredericksburg, Va.
1975 (summer)...... Lecturer, History of Art, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
1976 ...... C.I.C. Traveling Scholar, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
1973-74, 1975-78 ...... Graduate Teaching Associate, History of Art, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
1978-79 ...... U.S. Dept, of Health, Education, and Welfare, Fulbright Fellowship, Europe and Ivory Coast
1980-81 ...... Presidential Fellow, The Ohio State University
1 9 8 1 ...... Fellow, The Ohio State University Alum ni Association (Dakar, Senegal)
1981-present ...... Assistant Professor, Dept, of Art and Theatre Arts, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas
iv PUBLICATIONS
"Patterns for Living: African Arts from Kansas Collections" (review of an exhibition). African Arts XV, No. 1 (November, 1981): 75-76.
FIELDS OF STUDY
Major Field: History of Art
Studies in African Art and Archaeology. Professor Roy Sieber, Professor E.O. Odita
Studies in Oceanic and Precolumbian Art. Professor Roy Sieber
Studies in M o d e m Art. Professor Mathew Herban III
Minor Field: Anthropology
Studies in African Cultural Anthropology. Professor John C. Messenger
v TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...... ii
VITA ...... iv
LIST OF PLATES ...... vii
Chapter
I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1
II. ETHNOGRAPHIC AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE IVOIRIAN A K A N ...... 7
III. M M A ...... 13
Plates to CHAPTER I I I ...... 90
IV. B A ...... ; ...... 154
Plates to CHAPTER I V ...... 197
V. ASSO N G U ...... 241
Plates to CH