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Lowrie, K., M. Friesen, D. Lowrie, and N. Collier. 2009. Year 1 Results Of
2009 Year 1 Results of Seabird Breeding Atlas of the Lesser Antilles Katharine Lowrie, Project Manager Megan Friesen, Research Assistant David Lowrie, Captain and Surveyor Natalia Collier, President Environmental Protection In the Caribbean 200 Dr. M.L. King Jr. Blvd. Riviera Beach, FL 33404 www.epicislands.org Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 3 GENERAL METHODS ............................................................................................................................ 4 Field Work Overview ........................................................................................................................... 4 Water‐based Surveys ...................................................................................................................... 4 Data Recorded ................................................................................................................................. 5 Land‐based Surveys ......................................................................................................................... 5 Large Colonies ................................................................................................................................. 6 Audubon’s Shearwater .................................................................................................................... 7 Threats Survey Method ................................................................................................................. -
African Successes, Volume I: Government and Institutions
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: African Successes, Volume I: Government and Institutions Volume Author/Editor: Sebastian Edwards, Simon Johnson, and David N. Weil, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBNs: 978-0-226-31622-X (cloth) Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/afri14-1 Conference Dates: December 11–12, 2009; July 18–20, 2010; August 3–5, 2011 Publication Date: September 2016 Chapter Title: New Tools for the Analysis of Political Power in Africa Chapter Author(s): Ilia Rainer, Francesco Trebbi Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c13390 Chapter pages in book: (p. 145 – 212) 5 New Tools for the Analysis of Political Power in Africa Ilia Rainer and Francesco Trebbi 5.1 Introduction The study of autocratic and weakly institutionalized regimes has long been plagued by scarcity of reliable information useful for furthering their understanding (Tullock 1987). Lewis (1978, 622) appropriately states that “It is more difficult to study dictatorships than democracies because the internal politics of the former are deliberately hidden from the public view.” This chapter identifies in the ethnic composition of the executive branch an important and systematic source of information on the dynamics of power sharing within a sample of fifteen sub-Saharan African countries. Since in- dependence from European colonization, Benin, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia,1 Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Kenya, and Uganda have all experienced widely different political dynamics and often deep political crises. -
Articulating an African Feminism Through the Nana Esi Archetype
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ASU Digital Repository Malezile Defy Master Narratives: Articulating an African Feminism through the Nana Esi Archetype by Portia Nana Essuman A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Approved November 2012 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Akua Duku Anokye, Chair C. Alejandra Elenes Gloria Cuàdraz ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY December 2012 ABSTRACT Oral history methodologies are used to conduct fifteen interviews with Martha Akesi Ndaarko Sennie-Tumi over the course of three months. Research responded to the following questions: How do African women defy master narratives? When do African women defy master narratives and move from the margins to the center? What roles do African women take on to defy master narratives and why? To what extent does the concept of malezile (women who stand firm) address human rights? Twelve stories of defiance (three of which are folktales) are analyzed for recurring themes, concepts and motifs. Research showed that African women defy master narratives when the system worked to their detriment through the Nana Esi archetype. The stories also showed that women adopt nontraditional roles during defiance by using whatever means available to them at the time of defiance. i DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my beloved grandmother, Martha Akesi Ndaarko Sennie- Tumi. ii ACKNOWLEDMENTS This work is a communal women’s effort and must be viewed as such. This thesis is dedicated to my beloved grandmother, Martha Akesi Ndaarko Sennie-Tumi, who raised me and taught me my first feminist lessons. -
Journal of Arts & Humanities
Journal of Arts & Humanities Volume 08, Issue 10, 2019: 60-72 Article Received: 20-08-2019 Accepted: 04-09-2019 Available Online: 27-10-2019 ISSN: 2167-9045 (Print), 2167-9053 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v8i10.1731 Semantically Ambiguous: An Overview of Some Akan and Dangmbe Riddles Jonathan Edward Tetteh Kuwornu-Adjaottor1, George Appiah2, Melvin Nartey3 ABSTRACT Riddles, like folktales are considered an important aspect of speech games that promote critical thinking. Due to the influx of foreign games, local riddles have recently lost their values. But as an important aspect of Akan and Dangme cultures, riddles are included in school curricula, especially at the higher learning institutions, to create awareness of their socio-cultural importance in the society and to the youth. The importance of riddles and brain teasers cannot be overemphasized. Policy makers are keenly interested in promoting the use of riddles as a means of empowering the Ghanaian youth with the capacity to resolve the growing challenges of our economy. This paper seeks to address some of the teething problems associated with some of the popular Akan and Dangme riddles. Using aspects of the ethnography of communication theory (Gumperz, 1972) and (Saville-Troike 2003), selected riddles from the two languages, collected from communities were analyzed descriptively by means of feature/componential method. The findings are that, the meanings and/or ideas they express are not certain due to the sameness of features between the items with which the riddles are framed and other items. The paper has thus added to literature in the discipline of semantics. -
ED340715.Pdf
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 340 715 TM 017 396 TITLE 1990-91 Bulletin of Information for TOEFL andTSE. INSTITUTIOV Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J. PUB DATE 90 NOTE 41p. AVAILABLE FROMTest of English as a ForeignLanguage/Test of Spoken English Services, P.O. Box 6151,Princeton, NJ 08541-6151 (free). PUB TYPE Guides - Non-Classroom Use (055)-- Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available fromEDRS. DESCRIPTORS Advance Organizers; Bulletins; *CollegeEntrance Examinations; *English (Second Language);Foreign Students; Higher Education; Language Skills;Limited English Speaking; *Listening ComprehensionTests; Multiple Choice Tests; *Reading Comprehension; Student Placement; Testing Programs; TestManuals; Vocabulary Skills; *Writing Tests IDENTIFIERS English Placement Tests; *Test of English as a Foreign Language; *Test of Spoken English; Testof Written English ABSTRACT This document is the UnitedStates/Canada edition of the information bulletin for the Test ofEnglish as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Test of Spoken English(TSE). The bulletin provides information and registration forms necessaryfor taking the TOEFL or TSE, The purpose of the TOEFL is to evaluatethe North American English proficiency of people whose nativelanguage is not English. The multiple-choice TOEFL consists ofthree sections: (1) listening comprehension; (2) structure and writtenexpression; and (3) vocabllary and reading comprehension. At fouradministrations each year, the Test of Written English(TWE) is includad as a direct writing assessment. The TSE evaluates spokenEnglish proficiency, requiring examinees to orally answer questionspresented in printed and recorded forms. The TOEFL, the TWE,and the TSE are commonly used by colleges and univeYsities to determine theEnglish proficiency of applicants. In addition to registrationinformation, tLis bulletin contains practice questions for the TOEFL, theTWE, and the TSE; a score comparison table; and informationabout score reports. -
Wheelchair Foundation Newsletter 13
ChangingFALL 2006 THE WORLD ESTABLISH ED JU N E 2000 the spirit of giving CHANGE A LIFE... ABOUT US A M ESSAGE FRO M Our Mission The W heelchair Foundation is a nonprofit organ- KEN BEHRING ization leading an international effort to create We’ve had some wonder- aw areness of the needs and abilities of people ful fundraising events the with physical disabilities, to prom ote the joy of last four months. I have giving, create global friendship, and to deliver a had a great time attend- w heelchair to every child, teen and adult in the ing our events and want world w ho needs one, but cannot afford one. For to thank everyone these people, the W heelchair Foundation deliv- ers H ope, M obility and Freedom . involved in putting them goals together. I am amazed at all of the time and effort Our G oal Over the next five years, the W heelchair that goes into each and Foundation aims to deliver one m illion w heel- every event. It is all chairs to people w ho cannot afford to buy one, worth it because over the past four months we've raised over $1 and to further the aw areness that a w heelchair million which will go toward sponsoring over 13,000 wheelchairs is no longer an unaffordable relief option for to countries throughout the world. delivery to developing countries around the world. Over the period of the next month, many of you will attend holiday events and will also share quality time with your families. -
Thewallbehind Whichrefugees Canshelter the 1951 Geneva Convention N°123 - 2001
VOLUME 2 • NUMBER 123 • 2001 50TH ANNIVERSARY THEWALLBEHIND WHICHREFUGEES CANSHELTER THE 1951 GENEVA CONVENTION N°123 - 2001 Editor: Ray Wilkinson French editor: Mounira Skandrani Contributors: Walter Brill, Nathalie Karsenty, Patrick Tigere DEU•1945 2 EDITORIAL Editorial assistant: Virginia Zekrya ©BPK/ The Refugee Convention at 50. Photo department: Suzy Hopper, Anne Kellner 4 COVER STORY Design: The Geneva Convention has been the Vincent Winter Associés cornerstone of protection for 50 years, but there is Production: a lively debate about its relevance today. Françoise Peyroux The international community adopted the By Marilyn Achiron Administration: 4 1951 Geneva Refugee Anne-Marie Le Galliard Convention mainly in Personal view Distribution: response to the atrocities The Convention. committed in World War II John O’Connor, Frédéric Tissot and to help the millions of By Jack Straw, British Foreign Secretary Map: people uprooted by that New problems conflict. Refugee crises UNHCR - Mapping Unit spread around the world in Gender-based persecution leaves the shadows. Historical documents: the following decades. By Judith Kumin UNHCR Archives Cessation When the Convention is over. Refugees is published by the Public Information Section of the United C.S.•GIN•2001 Nations High Commissioner for QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Refugees. The opinions expressed by 16 contributors are not necessarily those The most frequently asked questions about the of UNHCR. The designations and Refugee Convention. maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion or recognition on the UNHCR/L. TAYLOR/ Exclusion part of UNHCR concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities. Who is NOT protected by the Geneva Convention. -
Prepared by the GEF-CSO Network)
GEF/C.57/Inf.09 December 3, 2019 57th GEF Council Meeting December 17 – 20, 2019 Washington, D.C. GEF-CSO Network Report to GEF Council December 2018–November 2019 (Prepared by the GEF-CSO Network) Contents Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3 Organisation and participation in GEF Related meetings ..................................................... 4 GEF Council – CSO Consultations ...................................................................................... 4 Input to GEF Policy Making ................................................................................................ 4 GEF-CSO Network Draft Plan in view of resource constraints........................................................ 4 Collaboration with Small Grants Programme (SGP) ............................................................... 5 Outreach and communication ................................................................................................ 5 Membership Development ..................................................................................................... 6 Work of the Network Focal Points .......................................................................................... 6 Finance and Administration ................................................................................................... -
The Impact of Citizenship Law on Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: VIOLENCE AND BELONGING: THE IMPACT OF CITIZENSHIP LAW ON VIOLENCE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Anne Christine Frugé, Doctor of Philosophy, 2017 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jóhanna Kristín Birnir, Department of Government and Politics Many countries in Africa are embroiled in heated debates over who belongs where. Sometimes insider/outsider debates lead to localized skirmishes, but other times they turn into minor conflict or even war. How do we explain this variation in violence intensity? Deviating from traditional explanations regarding democratization, political or economic inequality, or natural resources, I examine how nationality laws shape patterns in violence. Citizenship rules determine who is or is not a member of the national political community. Nationality laws formalize these rules, thus representing the legal bond between individuals and the state. Restrictive nationality laws increase marginalization, which fuels competition between citizenship regime winners and losers. This competition stokes contentious insider/outsider narratives that guide ethnic mobilization along the dual logics of threat and opportunity. Threats reduce resource levels and obstruct the exercise of rights. Opportunities provide the chance to reclaim lost resources or clarify nationality status. Other work explains conditions necessary for insider/outsider violence to break out or escalate from the local to the national level. I show that this violence intensifies as laws become more exclusive and escalates to war once an outsider group with contested foreign origins faces denationalization. Groups have contested foreign origins where the “outsider” label conflates internal and foreign migrants. Where outsiders are primarily in- migrants, it is harder to deny the group’s right to citizenship, so nationality laws do not come under threat and insider/outsider violence remains constrained to minor conflict. -
Akan People 1 Akan People
Akan people 1 Akan people Akan (Akan) Total population over 20 million Ethnic Akan Regions with significant populations Ghana ~12 Million Côte d'Ivoire ~8 Million Togo unknown Benin unknown Burkina Faso unknown Nigeria unknown Liberia ~41,000 United States unknown United Kingdom unknown France unknown Mali unknown Jamaica Jamaican Maroons unknown Suriname Ndyuka unknown Other Caribbean countries unknown Languages Akan/Akan languages/Kwa languages Religion Christianity, African traditional religion, Islam-very small minority. Akan people 2 Related ethnic groups Akan people The Akan people are a historically important ethnic group of West Africa. With over 20 million members the Akans are one of the biggest Ethnic groups in West Africa today. The Akan are the largest ethnic group in both Ghana and the Ivory Coast. The Akan speak Kwa languages which are part of the larger Niger-Congo family. Origin and Ethnogenesis The greater Akan people (macro-ethnic group) speak Kwa languages. The proto-Kwa language is believed to have come from East/Central Africa, before settling in the Sahel.[1] The people who became known as the Akan migrated from the Sahel to coastal west Africa. The kingdom of Bonoman was firmly established in the 12th century by the Akan people. Bonoman was a trading state between the Akan and neighboring people especially those from Djenné. During different phases of the Bonoman empire groups of Akans migrated out of the area to create numerous states based predominantly on gold mining and trading of farm products.[2] [3] Brief Recent History From the 15th century to the 19th century, the Akan people dominated gold mining and the gold trade in the region. -
New Tools for the Analysis of Political Power in Africa
New Tools for the Analysis of Political Power in Africa Ilia Rainer and Francesco Trebbi∗ April 2012 Abstract The study of autocracies and weakly institutionalized countries is plagued by scarcity of information about the relative strength of different players within the political sys- tem. This paper presents novel data on the composition of government coalitions in asampleoffifteen post-colonial African countries suited to this task. We emphasize the role of the executive branch as the central fulcrum of all national political systems in our sample, especially relative to other institutional bodies such as the legislative assembly. Leveraging on the impressive body of work documenting the crucial role of ethnic fragmentation as a main driver of political and social friction in Africa, the paper further details the construction of ethnic composition measures for executive cabinets. We discuss how this novel source of information may help shed light on the inner workings of typically opaque African political elites. ∗George Mason University, Department of Economics, [email protected]; and University of British Columbia, Department of Economics, and NBER, [email protected], respectively. The authors would like to thank Matilde Bombardini and Patrick Francois for useful comments and the many external consul- tants who contributed to the ethnic classification. Tom Cornwall, Mara Goodman, Lisa Wang, and Yilei Yang provided outstanding research assistance. We are grateful to the National Bureau of Economic Research Africa Success Project and to the Initiative on Global Markets at Chicago Booth for financial support. 1 Introduction The study of autocratic and weakly institutionalized regimes has long been plagued by scarcity of reliable information useful for furthering their understanding (Tullock, 1987). -
University M Iaxsiims International 300 N
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