“Reliance on nuclear weapons . is becoming Toward a World increasingly hazardous and decreasingly without effective.” George P. Shultz William J. Perry Henry A. Kissinger Nuclear Weapons Sam Nunn Vision Momentum Steps Change I The Nuclear Security Project (NSP) seeks to galvanize global action to reduce urgent nuclear dangers and build support for reducing reliance on nuclear weapons, ultimately ending them as a threat to the world. II The Cold War is now decades behind us, yet A New nuclear weapons today present a growing Tthreat—with terrorist organizations seeking the ultimate weapons of mass devastation and the Vision list of states with nuclear weapons expanding. for a Amid rising global concern about the dramatic threat posed by nuclear weapons and materials, four senior U.S. statesmen have joined forces to make Changing a difference. They form a powerful, nonpartisan alliance of former Cold Warriors: two Republicans World and two Democrats with deep national security credentials who have come together in a new era to work toward the goal of a world without THE nuclear weapons. NUCLEAR Former Secretary of State George P. Shultz, former Defense Secretary William J. Perry, former Secretary SECURITY of State Henry A. Kissinger and former Senator Sam Nunn laid out their vision and the practical, urgent PROJECT steps to get there in a groundbreaking series of co-authored Wall Street Journal op-eds published since 2007. The Impact Is Clear Since the first op-ed was published: and the steps you outline seem most reasonable to me.” In 2008, both candidates for U.S. President— Senators John McCain and Barack Obama— The op- In September 2009, the United Nations Security endorsed President Ronald Reagan’s vision of a Council approved a resolution endorsing the ed article in “ world without nuclear weapons. vision of a world without nuclear weapons and the Wall Street President Barack Obama declared that efforts called for implementation of many of the steps Journal caught toward “the peace and security of a world outlined by the four American statesmen. the nuclear world without nuclear weapons” would be official Similar sets of former officials from 13 U.S. policy. by surprise. Not countries have joined together across party for the argument Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush wrote lines— including in Britain, France, Germany, it made but for in correspondence made public in a 2012 book Italy, Russia and South Korea—to support about the work of the four statesmen, “I would the initiative and spur actions by their own who was making love to see ‘a world free of nuclear weapons;’ governments toward the goal. it . a remarkable quartet of political figures. — Los Angeles” Times, January 15, 2012 The four leaders meeting with President Obama in the Oval Office, May 2009 2 About the Nuclear Security Project Until the Wall The Nuclear Security Project (NSP) Street Journal coordinates the efforts of the four NSP “ principals—George P. Shultz, William article, even the J. Perry, Henry A. Kissinger and Sam thought of ridding Nunn—and works with partners and the world of networks around the world, focusing on two goals: nuclear weapons Last month, Addressing the tough technical and seemed like a pie- Nunn wrote an in-the-sky idea. policy issues involved in taking “ concrete steps toward building a op-ed article in And while none world without nuclear weapons. The Wall Street of the influential Generating global momentum to Journal with four believes build broad international support for former Secretaries it will happen the vision and steps to reduce the risks of State Henry posed by nuclear weapons—among Reducing anytime in the Nuclear Risks A FRAMEWORK FO Kissinger and governments, political leaders and in Europe R ACTION EDITED BY STEVE ANDRE AND ISA ASE near future, they BELLE W N the public. ILLIAMS George Shultz and have made it at Recognizing that progress requires former Secretary least a possibility international consensus and action, of Defense William one day for the NSP is designed to motivate Perry that sent their children or governments to rethink policies, change waves through direction and act on the steps that will grandchildren. the foreign-policy FEATURED reduce the risk of a nuclear weapon ESSAY: “T he Race Bet ween Cooperation and C atastrophe” BY SA — Carnegie ” being used anywhere on the globe. M NUNN establishment. Results, To achieve these goals, NSP — The New York Summer 2011 activities have included high-level conferences; ” Times Magazine, studies that reach government decision-makers and February 25, experts; speaking engagements by the four principals; and the production of a major documentary about 2007 the principals, their vision and the steps. The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), a non- partisan, non-profit organization co-chaired by Sam Nunn, serves as coordinator of the NSP, in cooperation with Stanford University’s Hoover Institution. 3 Answering the Tough Questions How is a “nuclear weapons–free” world verified? These four What kind of monitoring and enforcement would gentlemen . be necessary? How can the world be confident that “ civil nuclear materials remain in peaceful use? are hard-headed, The Project recruits practitioners and experts tough defenders in the field to develop the technical and policy of American answers to challenging questions, like these, interests and that must be rigorously assessed in any practical StaBILITY at LOWER NUMBERS American discussion of a world without nuclear weapons. Small Nuclear Forces: Five Perspectives, by At Stanford’s Hoover Institution in October Malcolm Chalmers, Andrew Somerville and security . 2007, the NSP principals held a conference to Andrea Berger, Royal United Services Institute What they have build on the ideas introduced in the first op- (RUSI) come together to ed. The four have since presided over high-level help galvanize gatherings in Oslo, Berlin, Rome, Munich and DETERRENCE is a recognition London as well as additional meetings at Stanford Disarming Doubt: The Future of Extended that we do not to consider the complex political and technical Nuclear Deterrence in East Asia, by Rory Medcalf want a world issues related to the vision and steps. and Fiona Cunningham, Lowy Institute for of continued To inform and broaden those discussions, the International Policy NSP commissions research and analysis to address nuclear technical issues and questions. Example of topics NUCLEAR POLICY AND DOCTRINE proliferation. and analysis include: Contemporary Nuclear Doctrines, by Alexi ” Arbatov, Vladimir Dvorkin and Sergey — President VERIFICatION Oznobishchev, Institute of World Economy and Obama, 2009 Cultivating Confidence: Verification, Monitoring, International Relations (IMEMO) and Enforcement in a World Free of Nuclear Weapons, edited by Corey Hinderstein, Nuclear Reducing Nuclear Risks in Europe: A Framework Threat Initiative (NTI) for Action, edited by Steve Andreasen and Isabelle Williams, Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) 4 Educating the Public The Project produced Nuclear Tipping Point, a documentary film narrated by actor Michael Douglas, introduced by former U.S. Secretary of State General Colin Powell, and featuring interviews with the principals and other leaders, among them former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. After a premiere at Universal Studios in Los Angeles, the film was broadcast and screened President Ronald Reagan during negotiations in around the world, including at the White House Reykjavik with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986 We both “believed that a world of the future could prosper only if it’s a world without nuclear weapons. — Former” Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev on disarmament talks with Ronald Reagan in Nuclear Tipping Point Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini, Shultz and Nunn at the Overcoming Nuclear Dangers conference, Rome 2009 5 shortly before the 2010 Nuclear Security Summit in The film is available for free at www. Washington, DC. From Israel to India, Argentina NuclearTippingPoint.org in 35-minute and to Moscow, people have watched the film and 55-minute versions. The DVD includes subtitles in discussed the questions it raises. Chinese, Japanese, Russian, French, German and It is Spanish and captions in English for the hearing important at impaired. The Stanford Program on International “ and Cross-Cultural Education (SPICE) prepared a this time in our guide for high school teachers, which can be used international with the film. Free to download, it is available at history that we spice.stanford.edu. all come together The activities of the four statesmen—along behind this with physicist Sidney Drell—are chronicled in The initiative . Partnership: Five Cold Warriors and Their Quest to Ban the Bomb (HarperCollins, January 2012) by ” Philip Taubman. The New York Times called the — Former U.S. Former Secretary of State Colin Powell, Nuclear Secretary Tipping Point book “fascinating and haunting.” of State Colin Powell in Nuclear Tipping Point I would love “to see a ‘world free of nuclear weapons;’ and the steps you outline seem most reasonable to me. — George” H.W. Bush, in a letter to George P. Shultz, from The White House screening of Nuclear Tipping Point, April 2010 Partnership 6 The Nuclear Security Project does more than just call for a Steps to world without nuclear weapons, it tackles the challenging process for getting there. In their Wall Street Journal op-eds, the four principals outlined the urgent and practical steps: a Safer 1. Work with leaders of countries with nuclear weapons to turn the goal of a world without nuclear weapons into a World joint enterprise. 2. Discard Cold War posture of deployed nuclear weapons for U.S. and Russian forces to reduce the danger of accidental, mistaken or unauthorized launch. 3. Substantially reduce nuclear forces in all countries that Without the possess them. “bold vision, the 4. Eliminate short-range battlefield nuclear weapons actions will not be designed to be forward deployed. perceived as fair 5.