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Two Rivers Urban Park Specialist Study: Modelling of Flood Mitigation Options on the Salt River Task 2 Final Report

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Two Rivers Urban Park Specialist Study: Modelling of Flood Mitigation Options on the Salt River Task 2 Final Report TWO RIVERS URBAN PARK SPECIALIST STUDY: MODELLING OF FLOOD MITIGATION OPTIONS ON THE SALT RIVER TASK 2 FINAL REPORT Prepared for: Western Cape Government in partnership with The City of Cape Town 22 March 2017 i This report was compiled by: Royal HaskoningDHV 163 Uys Krige Drive RHDHV House Tygerberg Office Park Plattekloof Cape Town 7500 Email: [email protected] With contributions from the NM&A TRUP Project Team Melanie Attwell and Associates ii PROJECT NAME: TWO RIVERS URBAN PARK (TRUP) PROJECT NUMBER: DATE: REPORT STATUS: S174/14 22 March 2017 Draft Report CARRIED OUT BY: COMMISSIONED BY: Western Cape Government (WCG): Royal HaskoningDHV (Pty) Ltd (RHDHV) Department of Transport and Public Works (DTPW) Regeneration Programme in partnership with the City of Cape Town (CCT) Development and Facilitation Unit AUTHOR(S): CLIENT CONTACT PERSON: Peter Hirschowitz WCG Project Manager: Gerhard Gerber 021 483 2787 [email protected] CCT Stormwater Representative: Ben de Wet 021 4005036 [email protected] SYNOPSIS: A hydraulic model of the river and bulk stormwater network within TRUP and in the flood-prone area downstream was set up. Flood extents were plotted for the current situation with climate change, as well as for the proposed development and various flood mitigation options. The model showed that proposed development scenario 7, as well as infill of the River Club island would have little effect on flood levels and extents. Construction of a small stormwater detention facility at the M5 Office Park adjacent to Berkley Road can reduce the frequency of flooding of Berkley Road at the M5 interchange. iii COPYRIGHT: Western Cape Government QUALITY VERIFICATION: Verification Capacity Name Signature Date Checked Specialist Marieke de 20 March 2017 by: water Groen management Approved Project Nisa Mammon 22 March 2017 by: Managers (in and Jody as far as Paterson meeting the TOR are concerned) Authorised WCG: Project Gerhard by: Manager / Gerber Director iv Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 Glossary of Terms: .................................................................................................................. 11 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 12 2 Report Structure .............................................................................................................. 13 PART A: BASE MODEL............................................................................................................. 14 3 Input Data ....................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Existing models ........................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Data provided by the City of Cape Town .......................................................... 17 4 Base Model Setup .......................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Software and overall approach ........................................................................... 21 4.2 Rainfall ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.3 Runoff ....................................................................................................................... 26 4.4 Topographic Survey................................................................................................ 26 4.5 Modelling of River channel and structures ......................................................... 28 4.6 Bulk stormwater network (culverts and open channels) ................................... 32 4.7 Further Corrections to the Bulk Stormwater ......................................................... 36 4.8 Two-dimensional modelling of overland flow ..................................................... 37 4.9 Tidal boundary condition ...................................................................................... 42 4.10 Use of water levels rather than energy grade levels ......................................... 44 4.11 Summary of assumptions ....................................................................................... 45 5 Model checking ............................................................................................................. 47 5.1 Stability and software warnings ............................................................................ 47 5.2 Calibration ............................................................................................................... 47 5.3 Sensitivity to timing tide relative to inflow ............................................................ 51 5.4 Sensitivity to upstream cross-sections ................................................................... 54 5.5 Corrections to the model after the initial runs .................................................... 54 6 Base scenario: Results .................................................................................................... 55 6.1 Flood extents ........................................................................................................... 55 PART B: MODELLING EFFECT OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ............................................ 62 7 Modelling of proposed development scenarios ....................................................... 63 7.1 Urban development scenarios ............................................................................. 63 7.2 Results: Flood extents .............................................................................................. 65 PART C: HYDRAULIC EVALUATION OF FLOOD MITIGATION OPTIONS ............................. 68 8 Introduction to flood mitigation options ..................................................................... 69 9 Flood protection berms, infill and construction ......................................................... 70 v 10 Reducing catchment inflows .................................................................................... 72 10.1 Catchment stormwater harvesting, detention and infiltration ........................ 72 10.2 Results ....................................................................................................................... 72 10.3 High flow diversion of Elsieskraal River .................................................................. 73 11 Channel modification ................................................................................................ 76 12 Flood water storage ................................................................................................... 87 12.1 Floodplain Storage ................................................................................................. 87 12.2 Stormwater attenuation: Ponds ............................................................................ 87 12.3 Modelling and results ............................................................................................. 88 12.4 Storage upstream of TRUP ..................................................................................... 95 12.5 Channel: Meandering ............................................................................................ 95 13 Outflow improvement: Zoarvlei outfall .................................................................... 97 14 Possible combinations of mitigation measures .................................................... 100 15 Summary of Models and Maps............................................................................... 101 15.1 Summary of models .............................................................................................. 101 15.2 Selected peak water level predictions.............................................................. 102 15.3 Summary of maps ................................................................................................. 105 16 Evaluation, conclusions and recommendations ................................................. 108 16.1 Effect of proposed development ...................................................................... 108 16.2 Evaluation of flood mitigation measures ........................................................... 108 16.3 Recommended flood mitigation measures ...................................................... 115 16.4 Recommendations for the way forward ........................................................... 116 References ........................................................................................................................... 117 vi Appendices Appendix A: Maps of flood extents for base scenario Appendix B: Mitigation option concepts – presentation at workshop flood mitigation 5 May 2016 Appendix C: Minutes of River Study Workgroup meetings and workshops Appendix D: Survey drawings and bridge photos Appendix E: Map of floodplain Mannings n-values Appendix F: Channel Manning’s n-values Appendix G: Assumptions for and changes to stormwater network Appendix H: Corrections applied to certain model runs only Appendix I: Scenarios of Urban Planning Development Footprints Appendix J: Maps of flood extents for proposed development Appendix K: Maps of flood extents for mitigation options Appendix L: Comments on flood modelling and responses vii Executive Summary Purpose
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