A Physical Development Plan for the Tygerberg Hills Area
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Town Cape of University The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derivedTown from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used forCape private study or non- commercial research purposes only. of Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My wife, Anlen, without whom ..... Barrie Gasson, my supervisor, who was satisfied with nothing less than a total understanding. Anton Swanevelder who stimulated my,interest and made me aware of 11 place11 in the Tygerberg h,i I ls. Mrs. 11 Van 11 for efficient and quick typing. Prof. G. Delpierre and Mr. Nei I du Plessis from the University of Western Cape for their kind assistance in providing information of the flora and fauna regimes in the Tygerberg ,1 '' hi I 1s . The farming peoples of the area for their hospitality, assistance and for showing a very shrewd understanding of the place of nature in a total environment. All other lndivfduals and institutions who assisted, directly or indirectly, in the preparation of this document. - j - CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I. 0 Preface 2.0 The Man-Nature System 3.0 Manifesto 3.1 I nevi tabi l i ty of growth ..... 3.2 Environmental degradation ... 3,3 Rational planning ..••.••..•. 3,4 Spoliation of .the natural environment ..• 4.0 Broad Goals 4. 1 To understand the dynamic and natural pro cesses and phenomena of study area ..... 4,2 To aim to determine, to create and then to keep current an optimum relationship .... 5~0 Definition of Study Area ,I .. , 6.0 Problem Statement 6.1 Population Growth 6.2 Urbanisation 6.3 The study area and metropolitan growth 6.4 Summary of Problem. 7.0 Methodology 8.0 References CHAPTER 11 HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL CONTEXT l. 0 Introductory .. - ii - 2.0 His tori ca I Growth of The Cape Town Metropolitan Region. 2. 1 Development phase I. Prior to 1901. 2.2 Deve I opment phase 11 1901-1943 2.3 Development phase 111 1943-1974 3.0 Future Met ropo I i tan Growth Patterns 3. I Absence of an effective metropolitan ad ministration ..... 3. l . l South-easterly development 3. l • 2 Elsies River/Athlone complex 3. I. 3 Eastward development 3. I • 4 Northward along Atlantic Coast 3.2 Metropolitan growth patterns influenced and di rec ted ..... 3,3 Identification and evaluation of certain long termI forces 3,4 Stud'y does not purport to present a detailed analytical study with interpretation of the above forces. 3 .4. I Saldanha scheme 3,4.2 Mamre scheme 3 .4. 3 Nuc I ear power station 3,4.4 Proposed new West Coast Road 3,4,5 Koeberg Flood Control Dam .1.' 3.4.6 Private township developers 3,S Inference. 4.0 Growth Potential of Northern Suburbs 4. l Ropulation growth 4.2 Township Approval 4.3 Conclusion. 5,0 Status of the Tygerberg Hills area in the Metropolitan Region. 5,1 Regional setting 5,2 Accessibility .5.3 Status - iii - 5,4 The rural-urban fringe. 6.0 Summary 7.0 References. CHAPTER I 11 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE ANALYSIS 1. 0 Introduction 2.0 Philip H. Lewis Jr. 2. 1 Comment. 3,0 Ian L.. McHarg 3. I Comment I ,.1• 4.0 G. Angus Hills 4. 1 Comment 5.0 A Comparison 5, 1 Goals 5,2 Method 1 5.3 Con tent I 5.4 Data zones and sources 6.0 Conclusion and Applicability 7 .O Natural Inventory 7. 1 C1 i mate wind ''Diep River Air Stream" 7,2 Summary 7.3 Other climatic elements 8.0 Geology 8. 1 General geological background of the Cape Metropolitan Area - j V - 8.2 Geology of the Tygerberg Hills Area 8.3 Economic Geology 8.4 Detrimental effects of stone-quarrying 8. 4. l Dust 8.4.2 Landscape scars 8,5 Summary 9.0 Physiography slopes rel i e f physiographic provinces. 10.0 Hydrology Diep River Elsies Kraal River Tygerberg Soi1 Conservation Area Dams, streams and drainage patterns. 11.0 Soils 12.0 Vegetation and Wildlife area I - The Hills area 2 - Flatlands area 3 - Diep River Basin and Rietvlei area 4 - Swartland , I 13.0 Cultural and Scenic 14.0 Agriculture 15.0 References. CHAPTER IV INTERPRETATION J.O Introductory I. I Inherent hazards to human life and property flooding fire .. - V - . 1.2 Hazards due to human action water air 1.3 Unique and scarce resources flora and fauna regimes vi t i cu 1tu re building stone deposits 1.4 Vulnerable resources Tygerberg soil conservation area 1.5 Cultural and scenic resources. 2.0 Summary 3.0 References CHAPTER V SYNTHESIS l. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Highly unfavourable suitability 1.2 Unfavourable suitability 1.3 favourable suitability 1.4 Highly favourable suitability 2.0 Recreational and Conservation Suitability 2,1 Controlling factors 3,0 Urban Suitability 3.1 Controlling factors 4.0 Agricultural Suitability 4. I Controlling factors 5. 0 References - vi - CHAPTER VI THE PLAN 1.0 Introductory 2.0 Recreation/Conservation Plan 2.l Objectives 2,2 General description 2.3 Passive recreation/conservation activities 2.4 Active outdoor recreation · 2,5 An idealistic proposal 3.0 Agricultural Plan 4.0 Residential Plan s.o lmplementattonJ S. 1 Agricultural areas in need of special attention 5,2 Immediate acquisition of certain areas. 5,3 Administrators 6.0 Conclusion 7,0 · References • - Vii - MAPS l. l Urban Encroachment on Study Area. 2. l Development in Cape Town and Environs towards the end of the Seventeenth Century. 2.2 Metro Area. Historic growth. 2.3 Metro Area. Present growth trends. 2.4 Forces that may affect future giowth pattern of th~ Metro Area. 2.5 Metro Area. Township development f966-1973, 2.6 Study area in a regional setting. 2.7 Metro Area. Major transport activities. 2.8 Existing road structure. Metro Area. Major centres of employment. 2.9 ., . ( 2. 10 Metro Area. Major commercial centres and accessibility. 2. 11 Metro Area. Recreation· facilities. 3. l Geology. 3.2 Economic geology. Location of existing active stone quarries. 3.3 Slope analysis. 3. 4 Rel i ef. 3.4A Physiographic provinces. - viii - 3,5 Hydrology. 3.6 Soi I Associations. 3.7 Soi I classification (covering the Contermansklqof valley area only). 3.8 Vegetation and Wildlife. 3,9 Cultural and Scenic. 3,10 Agricultural potential. 5, l Conservation/recreation suitability. 5.2 Urban suitability. 5,3 Agricultural suitabiiity. 6. l Derived development plan for the Tygerberg-hi lls area. 6.2 Recreation /conservation plan. 6.3 Broad study of Metropolitan boating and related .I' I activities. 6.~ Agricultural plan. 6.5 Residential plan. 6.6 Administrators. .fir ., • - .i X - ·FIGURES 1.1 The Man-Nature System 1.2 An Alternative presentation of the Man-Nature System. 1.3 Diagram representing environment as a balloon ..... 3, 1 Ph i 1 i p H. Lewi s • Diagrammatic Outline of analysis procedure, 3.2 Ian L. McHarg. Diagrammatic Outline of analysis procedure. 3.3 G. Angus Hills. Dia~rammatic outline of analysis procedure. 3,4 Wind Conditions related to Human Comfort. 3.5 Climate in the Tygerberg. ,, '' TABLES 2. 1 Comparative Intercensal Population Growth Rates (Whites). 2.2 Cape Metropolitan Area, Approval of Townships, 1966-1973 (Whites}. 6. I Matrix on lntercompatibility of Land Uses. ·:;~· CHAPTER INTRODUCTORY 1. 0 Pre face 2.0 The Man-Nature System 3.0 Manifesto 4.0 Broad Goals s.o Definition of Study Area I 6.0 Problem Statement 7,0 Methodology 8.0 References ,I' ( ;. l. 11 ln the Beginning .... and then .... and then came Man, arrogant, impatient and full of greed. For centuries he was forced to live with nature and within the deli cate balance created for all things. Gradually he developed from the hunter to a member of an agrarian society knowing full well his complete dependence upon the bounty of nature. With the advent of the Twe.ntieth Century, Man gave more and more of his attention to in dustrialisation and mechanisation finally reaching out to tou~h the stars, and in doing so forgot the world within which he must live and his attendant responsi bility to_ it and to g·enerations yet unborn". Ephraim Tomi inson I I. CHAPTER INTRODUCTORY 1.0 Preface It has been aptly said that one thing in the world is invin cible .... an idea whose time has come. Such an idea in our days, I believe, is the care of man's ancestral home .... the natural environment; However, our country is sti 11 in a pioneering stage in so 1 far as it, up ti 11 now, accepts t~e rugged pr inc i'pl e that man has the freedom to do with his land just about whatever 11 11 he wants to do. Under a proud banner of the above right , man is unscrupulously exploiting his natural resources and ruthlessly despoiling his landscape. This really boils down to uncontrolled speculation and limitless profit to the few in the name of progress and, if this is how the development of the environment is understood by man, then the perfect formula has already been found. That is to say, that no planning is needed .... planning is then obviously only an obs tac l,e in the free- for-a 11 , laissez-faire comp e tit i ve market. To argue this point .... is it really necessary to look any ,;, 2. further than merely to mention a few local 11 symptoms 11 of the above 11 disease11 i.e.