House Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs Don Young, Chairman Hearing Memo

Home , Fort McDermit, Indian reservation

July 13, 2015

To: Natural Resources Committee Members

From: Majority Staff, Subcommittee on Indian, Insular, and Alaska Native Affairs

Subject: Legislative hearing on H.R. 2733 (Rep. Mark Amodei), the “Nevada Native Nations Land Act” ______The Subcommittee will hold a Legislative Hearing on H.R. 2733, the “Nevada Native Nations Land Act” on Wednesday, July 15, 2015, at 2:00 p.m. in 1324 Longworth HOB.

Summary of the bill

H.R. 2733 was introduced by Rep. Mark Amodei (NV-2) on June 11, 2015. The bill places in trust a total of approximately 71,177 acres of public lands, identified on specified maps described in the bill, which would expand reservations of the Paiute and Shoshone Tribe of the Fort McDermitt Reservation, the Shoshone Paiute Tribe of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, the Summit Lake Paiute Tribe of the Summit Lake Reservation, the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation, and the Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation. Under the bill, gaming under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act1 is prohibited on lands which would be taken into trust. Maps referenced in H.R. 2733 are attached to this memorandum.

Cosponsors

Rep. Cresent Hardy (NV-4)

Witnesses:

Mr. Michael Smith, Deputy Director, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

The Honorable Arlan Melendez, Chairman Reno-Sparks Indian Colony Reno, NV

1 25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.

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Background

The Fort McDermitt Pauite Tribe and Shoshone Tribe both share the Fort McDermitt Reservation, Humboldt County, Nevada and Malheur County, Oregon. The reservation, originally established by Executive Order in 1867, is approximately 32,000 acres in size and is 75 miles north of Winnemucca, Nevada. The land was allotted under the General Allotment Act of 1887 and it was further opened to homesteading by non-Indians. A number of Acts of Congress have authorized the reacquisition of some of these lands by the tribes. Currently, the tribes have approximately 16,000 acres of trust land. The tribes plan to use the land transferred under the bill for the development of natural resources.

The Duck Valley Reservation, on the Nevada-Idaho border (Elko County, Nevada, and Owyhee County, Idaho), began with the Treaty of Ruby Valley in 1863 encompasses close to 290,000 acres. The reservation was established by several Executive Orders and an Act of Congress. The tribe plans to use the lands transferred under the bill to address a tribal housing shortage.

The Summit Lake Paiute Reservation, established by Executive Order in 1913, is located in northwestern Nevada (Humboldt County). It is more than 10,000 acres. This tribe is a part of the greater Paiute tribe, a large group of Indian people who occupied a large part of the eastern slopes of the Sierra and Cascades ranges until encroachment by non-Indians led to the creation of a reservation for their use and occupation. The reservation includes a small part of Summit Lake. The tribe plans to use the lands transferred under the bill for protection and management of Summit Lake including natural resources and a once abundant Lahontan cutthroat trout population.

The Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, in western Nevada near the California border, has a small amount of lands in Reno and nearly 2,000 acres in Hungry Valley. In 1916, Congress authorized the purchase of 8.42 acres as a site for the colony (similar to the manner in which Congress authorized the Department of the Interior to purchase lands for Rancherias). Though Congress did not designate these lands as a reservation or as a federal trust, in subsequent years, the Secretary of the Interior nonetheless treated the lands and the Indians living on it as a reservation and tribe with governance over it. The tribe plans to use the lands transferred under the bill to alleviate a housing strain, and for cultural preservation and development.

The Pyramid Lake Reservation is approximately a half-million acres in a remote part of Western Nevada, in Washoe, Lyon, and Stoney counties, 40 miles away from Reno. Several communities are within the reservation, including Nixon, Sutcliffe, and Wadsworth. Its reservation was formally established by Executive Order in 1874 after earlier orders by the government began to reserve this area for Paiute Indians after tensions arose with non-Indian settlers. About 112,000 acres of the reservation include Summit Lake, the state’s largest, while the rest of the lands are high desert. Through receiving additional lands under the bill, the tribe plans to incorporate the watershed of Pyramid Lake. Other uses include potential economic development and management efficiency.

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The Duckwater Indian Reservation of Shoshone Tribe is composed of approximately 300,000 acres and located in east-central Nevada, approximately 225 miles southeast of Elko. Though most of the reservation land is owned by the tribe, only 3,785 acres of land are held in trust. Due to the small land base the tribe has only 94 enrolled members on the reservation. The tribe has expressed that they would use additional land to support additional grazing and agricultural activities, promote renewable energy and economic development and housing.

Major Provisions/ Analysis

Section 3. Conveyance of Land to be held in trust for certain Indian Tribes.

Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation: Places approximately 19,094 acres of BLM-administered public land in trust for the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe, subject to valid existing rights. Lands are depicted on a map dated February 21, 2013 titled “Reservation Expansion Lands,” on file at the local BLM office.

Duck Valley Indian Reservation: Places approximately 82 acres of National Forest System land in trust for the benefit of the Shoshone-Paiute Tribe, subject to valid existing rights. Lands are depicted on a map dated July 29, 2013 titled “Mountain City Administrative Site Proposed Acquisition,” on file at the local Forest Service office.

Summit Lake Indian Reservation: Places approximately 491 acres of BLM administered public land in trust for the benefit of the Summit Lake Paiute Tribe, subject to valid existing rights. Lands are depicted on a map dated February 28, 2013 titled “Summit Lake Indian Reservation Conveyance,” on file at the local BLM office.

Reno-Sparks Indian Colony: Places approximately 13,434 acres of BLM-administered public land in trust for the benefit of the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, subject to valid existing rights. Lands are depicted on a map dated June 11, 2014 titled “Reno-Sparks Indian Colony Expansion,” on file at the local BLM office.

Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation: Places approximately 6,357 acres of BLM administered public land in trust for the benefit of the Pyramid Lake Pauite Tribe, subject to valid existing rights. Lands are depicted on a map dated April 13, 2015 titled “Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation Expansion,” on file at the local BLM office.

Duckwater Reservation: Places approximately 31,269 acres of BLM managed lands in trust for the benefit of the Duckwater Shoshone Tribe, subject to valid existing rights. Lands are depicted on a map dated January 12, 2015 titled “Duckwater Reservation Expansion,” on file at the local BLM office.

Section 4. Administration. Directs the Secretary of Interior, within 180 days of enactment, to complete a survey of boundary lines for each of the sections of land to be taken into trust under Section 3. The Secretary is also authorized to carry out fuel reduction and other landscape restoration activities, on the lands taken into trust under Section 3, that are beneficial to an Indian tribe and the Bureau of Land Management.

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Finally, any lands taken into trust under Section 3 shall be prohibited for gaming activities pursuant to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.2

Previous Committee Action

In the 113th Congress, the House of Representatives passed by voice vote a similar bill, H.R. 2455. Additionally, some provisions of H.R. 2455, which were also part of other larger measures, were enacted into law as part of the Buck' McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015.3

2 25 U.S.C. 2703. 3 See P.L. 113-291.

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Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation Expansion Act February 21, 2013 This map was prepared at the request of Representative Mark Amodei

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Colony Expansion Lands (Appox 11,180 Acres) Major Highways Land Status Township US Highway Bureau of Indian Affairs Section State Route Bureau of Land Management Private ¯ 0 1.25 2.5 5 Miles No Warranty is made by the Bureau of Land Management as to the accuracy, reliability, 1:60,000 or completeness of these data for individual use or aggregate use with other data.

NSO 28 May 2011 Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation Expansion June 13, 2013 This map was prepared at the request of Representative Mark Amodei

24N 22E 24N 22E

24N 24E

445

24N 21E 24N 23E 24N 22E 447

446 24N 25E 445

23N 23E 23N 21E

Washoe Churchill County 23N 22E County 23N 24E

23N 25E 22N 22E

22N 25E

22N 24E

22N 21E 447

21N 24E 21N 23E

21N 21E

21N 22E 21N 25E

Reservation Expansion Lands BLM Only Bureau of Indian Affairs 20N 23E 427 Lyon Interstate Bureau of Land Management County

US Highway 20N 22E Bureau of Reclamation

20N 21E State Route Fish and Wildlife Service 95A County Boundary Nevada State Lands 20N 24E 828 Section Private 50A Township Water ¨¦§80 District Office Boundary Storey County 828

0 2 4 8 Miles No Warranty is made by the Bureau of Land Management as to the accuracy, reliability, 1:48,000 or completeness of these data for individual Ü use or aggregate use with other data. Map is intended to be plotted at 34 X 44 inches Duckwater Reservation Expansion January 12, 2015 This map was prepared at the request of Senator Harry Reid and Senator Dean Heller

03 02 01 03 02 01 06 05 04 03 02 01 06 05 04 04 03 05 06 05 04 03 02 01 06 05 04 03 02 01 06

10 11 12 11 12 07 08 09 10 09 10 11 12 07 08 09 10 11 12 07 08 07 08 09 10 11 12 07 08 09 10

14 13 15 13 18 17 16 15 16 15 14 13 18 17 16 14 13 14 13 18 17 18 17 16 15 14 18 17 16 15

15N 54E 15N 55E 15N 56E 15N 53E 21 23 15N 57E 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 24 15N 58E 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 23 24 19 20 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22

30 29 27 26 25 28 27 26 25 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 29 25 26 25 30 29 30 30 29 28 27 26 30 29 28 27

36 N y e 35 36 31 32 W h i33 t e P34 i n e35 33 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 36 35 36 C o u n t y C o u n t y 31 32 33 34 35 31 32 33 34 31 32 H u m b o l d t 02 01 05 04 03 02 01 06 05 04 03 04 03 02 01 06 05 04 03 02 01 N a t i01 o n a l 06 06 05 04 03 02 06 05

09 10 11 12 F o r e s t 08 09 10 11 12 07 08 09 10 11 12 07

08 09 10 11 12 07 12 07 08 07 08 09 10 11

14 13 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 16 15 14 13 18 17 16

18 17 16 15 14 13 14N 55E 15 14 13 18 17 14N 53E 14N 54E 18 17 16

22 23 24 14N 56E 22 23 24 19 20 21 14N 57E 14N 58E 21 22 23 24 19 20 21

19 20 21 22 23 24 20 23 24 19 19 20 21 22

28 27 26 25 29 28 27 26 25 30 29 28 27 26 25 30

30 29 28 27 26 25 26 25 30 29 30 29 28 27

32 34 35 36 33 34 35 36 31 33 33 34 35 36 31 32 33 35 36 31 32 34 36 31 32 31 32 33 34 35 23 24 19 23 24 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 19 20 21 22

28 27 26 25 30 02 01 28 27 26 25 30 29 06 05 04 03 06 05 27 26 25 30 29 06 05 04 03 02 01 13.5N 13.5N 13.5N 13.5N 55E 55.5E 53E 54E

32 33 34 35 36 31 11 12 32 33 34 35 36 31 07 08 09 10 09 10 11 12 07 08 34 35 36 31 07 08

02 01 06 02 01 06 05 04 03 16 15 14 13 13 18 17 03 02 01 06 05 04 03 18 17 18 17 16 15 14

13N 56E 13N 57E 13N 58E

07 12 07 08 09 10 11 12 22 23 24 23 24 19 20 10 11 12 07 08 09 10 11 19 20 21 19 20 21 22

15 13 18 15 14 13 18 17 16 14 27 26 25 26 25 30 29 15 14 13 18 17 16 30 29 28 30 29 28 27

13N 55E 13N 13N 53E 13N 54E 55.5E

19 20 21 22 23 24 19 31 32 19 20 21 22 23 24 31 32 33 34 35 36 32 33 34 35 36 22 23 24 31

26 25 30 26 25 30 29 28 27 03 02 01 02 01 06 05 27 26 25 30 29 28 27 06 05 04 06 05 04 03

34 35 36 06 34 35 36 31 32 33 09 10 11 12 12 07 08 34 35 36 31 32 33 07 08 07 08 09 10 11

06 03 02 01 06 13 03 03 02 01 06 05 04 15 14 13 18 17 02 01 06 05 04 18 17 16 18 17 16 15 14

12N 56E 12N 57E 12N 58E

09 10 11 12 07 20 07 09 10 11 12 07 08 22 23 24 23 24 19 10 11 12 08 19 20 21 19 20 21 22

15 14 13 18 16 15 14 13 18 17 16 27 26 25 26 25 29 15 14 13 18 17 30 29 28 30 29 28 27 30

12N 55E 12N 12N 53E 12N 54E 55.5E

22 23 24 19 32 22 23 24 19 20 21 34 35 36 35 36 31 22 23 24 19 20 21 31 32 33 31 32 33 34

26 25 30 26 25 30 29 28 27 03 02 01 02 01 06 05 27 26 25 30 29 28 27 06 05 04 06 05 04 03

36 31 07 08 36 31 32 33 34 35 10 11 12 08 09 10 11 12 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 35 07 08 09 07

03 02 01 06 13 18 17 03 02 01 06 05 04 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 14 03 02 01 06 05 04 18 17 16

11N 58E 11N 56E 11N 57E

10 11 12 07 19 20 10 11 12 07 08 09 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 10 11 12 07 08 09 19 20 21 22

15 14 13 18 25 30 29 15 14 13 18 17 16 26 25 29 28 27 26 15 14 13 18 17 16 30 29 28 27 30 11N 11N 55E 11N 53E 11N 54E 55.5E 32 22 23 24 19 35 36 31 22 23 24 19 20 21 35 36 31 32 33 34 22 23 24 19 20 21 31 32 33 34

05 27 26 25 30 02 01 06 26 25 30 29 28 01 06 05 04 03 27 26 25 30 29 28 27 06 05 04 03 02

10N 58E 10N 57E 36 31 07 08 31 32 33 34 35 10N 56E 09 10 11 12 36 31 32 33 34 35 36 07 08 09 10 11 12 07 08 34 35

12 12 07 08 09 10 11 09 10 11 12 07 08 09 10 11 10N 54E 15 13 18 10N 53E 10N 55E 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 14 13 18 17 16 14 17 16 15 14 13 18 17 16 15 14 13 18 17 16

Reservation Expansion Lands Land Ownership BLM Wilderness Bureau of Indian Affairs BLM Wilderness Study Area Bureau of Land Management Township Forest Service Private ¯ Section

No Warranty is made by the Bureau of Land 0 2.5 5 10 Miles Management as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data for individual use or aggregate use with other data. 1:60,000 Map is intended to be plotted at 34 X 44 inches