East Asian History

NUMBER 24 . DECEMBER 2002

Institute of Advanced Studies Australian National University Editor Geremie R. Barme Associate Editor Helen Lo Editorial Board Mark Elvin (Convenor) John Clark Andrew Fraser Helen Hardacre Colin Jeffcott W.]. F. Jenner Lo Hui-min .j Gavan McCormack David Marr Tessa Morris-Suzuki Michael Underdown

Design and Production Helen Lo Business Manager Marion Weeks Printed by Goanna Print, Fyshwick, ACT

This is the twenty-fourth issue of East Asian History, printed August 2003, in the series previously entitled Papers on Fa r Eastern History. This externally refereed journal is published twice a year

Contributions to The Editor, East Asian History Division of Pacific and Asian History Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Phone +61 26125 3140 Fax +61 26125 5525 email [email protected] Subscription Enquiries to Subscriptions, East Asian History, at the above address, or to [email protected] Annual Subscription Australia A$50 (including GST) Overseas US$45 (GST free) (for two issues) ISSN 1036-6008 iii

.Jt CONTENTS

1 Birds and the Hand of Power: a Political Geography of Avian Life in the Gansu Corridor, Ninth to Tenth Centuries Lewis Mayo

67 A Tempestuous Tea-Port: Socio-Political Commentary in Yokahama-e, 1859-62 Todd S. Munson

93 's Search for National History: a Trend in Historiography Q. Edward Wang

117 Rai San'yo's Philosophy of History and the Ideal of Imperial Restoration BarryD. Steben iv

Cover calligraphy Yan Zhenqing �Ji:���n, Tang calligrapher and statesman

Cover illustration Avian signature from the time of Cao Yanlu liE!J�- see p.52 CS.24741,reproduced by permission of the British Library) RAI SAN'YO'S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND THE IDEAL OF IMPERIAL RESTORATION

Barry D. Steben

It is when there is a fund of Chinese learning that the Japanese spirit The author would like toexpress his gratitude [Yamatodamashiil is respected by the world. to all those who commented on earlier versions of this article, especially to the two -Murasaki Shikibu Cc.918-c.1014)1 anonymous readers for East Asian History who generously offered criticisms and suggestions that were extremely useful in the process of revision and rewriting. Nay men frequently appear to sink under their honest purposes; but it is 1 Yamagishi Tokuhei, ed., Genji monogatan only in appearance: the seed germinates more beautifully in a VffiEi;;��[The tale of Genji], vols.14-18 subsequent period from the ashes of the good, and when irrigated with of Nihon koten bungaku taikei [Compendium blood seldom fails to shoot up to an unfading flower. of classical Japanese literature], 2:227. -Johann Gottfriedvon Herder 0744-1803)2 Translation from Edward G. Seidensticker, Th e tale of Genji, 2 vols. (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1976): 1, p.362. This statement is made by Hikaru Genji to his young son, If a great people does not believe that the truth is to be found in itself yugiri. alone ... if it does not believe that it alone is fit and destined to raise up 2 From Outlines of aphilosophy of the history and save all the rest by its truth, it would at once sink into being of man, translated from the German Ideen ethnographic material, and not a great people . ... A nation which loses zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Mensch­ heit (London, 1800) by T. Churchill (New this belief ceases to be a nation. York: Bergman Publishers, 1966), p.231. -Fyodor Dostoevsky 0821-81)3 3 Shatov in Th e possessed (187 1-72). Translated by Constance Garnet, 2 vols .. (London and Toronto, J. M. Dent & Sons; and New York: E. P. Dutton & Co The challenge to create a new history of societies ... consisted in finding [Everyman's Library edition], 1931): 1, p.231. a necessary articulation between describing the perceptions, 4 Roger Chartier, On the edge of the cliff representations, and rationalities of history's actors and ide