February/March Special World War 1 Commemorative Issue

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

February/March Special World War 1 Commemorative Issue S the ES g PR rin ry E no a 17 LL ho rs 20 VI e eb S e iv -f ER su n I jan RT Is n ii • l ar e i PO ia A ssu c l W , i e ia III p n d L S n l l. X e or vo nt • e of W org C ry. sto chi his is a Special Edition of MRHS's Newsletter commemorating the 100th anniversary of America's entry into World War I. Our intent is to recognize our local veterans sti T my and to convey through words and pictures some sense of the war itself and its impact upon the people at home in Mystic & Connecticut. w. ww In preparation for this publication, and an exhibit at the Mystic Noank Library in March, we asked the members and friends of MRHS to contact us with stories of anyone in their families who were in involved in the War. We sincerely thank them for their responses and are very pleased to present their stories to you. Ed. Note: The design of the paper includes the original nameplate from “The Mystic Times” ca. 1096 as well as incorporating vintage advertising & art, also in public domain, and a traditional column style layout and typefaces typical to the early decades of the 1900s. Language & phraseology of submissions are original, and unedited for modern politically correct considerations. A group of men posed outside of Brown’s Livery Stable at 3 Water Street, Mystic, CT. The names written on the World War I Volunteers, Mystic, Conn. back are difficult to read, but the subject is given as “World War I Volunteers”. Some names included are Charles Anderson, Charles Barstow, Arthur Beauchamp, Harlan Burdick, Henry Coogan, Len Dickinson, John Duerr and Charles Gremley. Photo from MRHS Stinson Collection Submitted by The Day Joe Fleming Went to War Carol Sommer The narrative below is based on a notebook my mother created pated orders to go overseas. Elizabeth and her family went to about her memories living in New London and Old Mystic as a the State Pier in New London with Ethyl to see him off. They child. It's kind of a sweet story which you may enjoy. stood with dozens of Navy families to watch as Joe’s submarine My mother, Elizabeth Johnson, had been eleven years and several others headed down the Thames River toward the old when the United States declared war on Germany. The se - ocean and their destiny. The subs were progressing toward the riousness of the situation was made apparent to her in several point where the Thames opens into Long Island Sound when Please do join us for a glimpse into our shared ways. First of all, the pennies that she could occasionally spend suddenly someone shouted, “Look, that submarine is signaling. local history in our special commemorative for treats down at Mr. Barnett’s candy store and toy emporium Can anyone here read semaphores?” A sailor in the crowd “Great War” program spring series in New London now had to go into a glass jar to be used, after jumped up on one of the pilings, looked toward the submarines, featuring savvy speakers & insights! they accumulated, for the purchase of Savings Bonds. There and yelled, “Is Mrs. Fleming here?” Ethyl stepped forward, all were fewer of the cakes and cookies that her mother was so good eyes in the crowd on her. The sailor smiled at her and said, “Mr. Feb. 22 Rick Spencer at baking, and those that did get baked were flavored with ap - Fleming is telling you ‘Goodbye’.” The Music of WWI plesauce since no one had refined sugar. “Goodbye” became “Hello” a year later when Joe came Elizabeth and her friends were supposed to save tin safely home again. Well, not altogether safely. He had contracted Mar. 22 Catherine Deichmann foil and peach pits. The peach pits, burned to make carbon, were tuberculosis and would die, not right away, but way too soon. Over Here: used as part of the filtering mechanism in gas masks. It wasn’t Ironically Joe had something in common with another young Mystic in the Great War clear to Elizabeth exactly what gas masks were or what might man, the Bosnian Serb who started World War I by shooting happen to a soldier if he didn’t have one. But she knew it was Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. Both men had tuberculosis. Apr. 26 George King III important to do patriotic things, even if you were just a kid. After the doctor told Gavrilo Princip that he had TB and that WWI Ambulance 225: These inconveniences were disconcerting but also interesting it would kill him, an already angry man decided he had nothing The Spirit of the and somehow a little exciting. But what was really sad was un - to lose by doing some killing of his own. American Volunteer derstanding that people you knew and cared about could get Elizabeth grew up in New London, went to Connecti - hurt. A day that drove that reality home, a day that Elizabeth cut College, married a man from West Virginia, and lived for May 24 Eury Cantillo would never forget, was the day Joe Fleming went to war. many years in Old Mystic where she and her husband ran a gas US Submarines in WWI Elizabeth’s widowed mother and aunt partially sup - station on the corner of Jerry Browne Road. In later life Eliza - ported themselves by renting rooms, and their current boarders beth preserved her memories in a little notebook that became a pm refreshments & socializing, :30pm program 7 ~ 7 were newly-weds, Joe and Ethyl Fleming. The Flemings were a wonderful gift to her daughter, providing useful information for Mystic Congregational Church Hall , sweet couple, very much in love, and they fit into the household her newspaper column about local history. Broadway & E. Main, Mystic beautifully, just like family. They were fun to talk with and their presence pepped up the house. Joe was in the Submarine Service All events are free & open to the public . and no one was surprised when he got the dreaded but antici - Donations welcome. @mystichistory @mystic_history Join MRHS & support local history preservation & education ! Stop by mystichistory.org • 5 5 3 6 0 T C , c i t s y M 9 7 7 4 - 6 3 5 ) 0 6 8 ( 7 1 . o N t i m r e P p 4 - 1 s r u h T • p 4 - 1 d e W • N O O N 2 1 - a 9 s e u T D I A P 5 5 3 6 0 T C , C I T S Y M , 5 4 2 X O B . O . P , T E E R T S H G I H 4 7 E E R F - Y L L A U N N A S E M I T X I S D E H S I L B U P E G A T S O P . S . U d r a d n a t S d e t r o s e r P 7 1 0 2 b e f - n a j • i i i e u s s i x . l o v • n o i t i d e l a i c e p s I I I L n o i t a z i n a g r O t i f o r p - n o N On October 25, 2016 we sent a MailChimp email to members and Imagine being a young woman from Mystic dropped into the mid - sang and really it was almost like a real straw ride, except when we friends of the Mystic River Historical Society asking for participation dle of a war! (She certainly presented a positive face to Raymond.) looked back at a long line of lories, and ahead at another line of them. in a program called World War One – Mystic Connections. A won - he whole convoy seemed about a mile long. We stopped for two ~ ~ ~ T derful example of how this request played out is the connections to hours, being camouflaged in the woods. Every one got out and slept on Miss MacDonald Mystic in this story of Sara MacDonald Holmes and Raymond Mor - stretchers, in the gutter, or any place where they felt like lying. Great life. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS AMERICAN EXP. FORCES gan Holmes. The story begins with an email from Liz Balak.... No supper, No breakfast. Sure enough war on over here. France, August,14,1918 To conclude, our wild journey ended at this wonderful chateau in a Sara Elizabeth From; The Commander in Chief, lovely part of France. Perhaps we haven’t enjoyed it, in spite of hard To; Commanding Officer Mobile Hospital No. 2 twelve hours a day work for a while. Like a big house party, especially MacDonald Holmes Captain Fordycé B.St.John these last four days, while we have just waited around for orders. All Submitted by Mary Elizabeth Holmes Balak Subject;Commendation packed to move once more. We had heaps of our own home state boys, none I knew, worse luck. Its been a thrilling place to live, just in back of 1. The Commander in Chief was proud to learn the big push. from a report from the Office of the Inspector We get the latest news before we read it in the daily papers. Our Yanks General, A.E.F., of the fine courage shown by have done themselves proud.
Recommended publications
  • Queensland at War
    ANZAC LEGACY GALLERY Large Print Book Queensland at War PROPERTY OF QUEENSLAND MUSEUM Contents 5 ...... Gallery Map 6 ...... Gallery introduction 7 ...... Queensland at War introduction 9 ...... Queensland at War - hats 10 .... Together 23 .... Loss 33 .... Wounded 44 ... Machine 63 .... World 78 .... Honour 92 .... Memories 4 Gallery Map 5 Entry Introductory panels Lift Interactives Gallery introduction 6 Queensland at War introduction 7 QUEENSLAND AT WAR People ... Queenslanders ... nearly 58,000 of them, left our shores for the war to end all wars. There are so many stories of the First World War – of people, experiences, and places far away – that changed our State forever. A small thing – like a medal crafted from bronze and silk – can tell an epic story of bravery, fear, and adventure; of politics, religion, and war. It represents the hardship and sacrifice of the men and women who went away, and the more than 10,000 Queenslanders who gave their lives for their country. Queensland at War introduction 8 First group of soldiers from Stanthorpe going to the war, seen off at Stanthorpe Station, 1914 Queensland Museum collection Queensland at War - hats 9 Military cap belonging to Percy Adsett, who served at Gallipoli in 1915 and was wounded at Pozieres in September 1916 Prussian infantryman’s pickelhaube acquired as a trophy on the Western Front in 1917 Nurses cap used by Miss Evelyn Drury when she was in the Voluntary Aid Detachment working at Kangaroo Point Military Hospital during World War 1 British Mark 1 Brodie Helmet, developed in the First World War as protection against the perils of artillery Together 10 Together CHARITY AND FUNDRAISING Charities like the Red Cross and ‘Patriotic’ and ‘Comfort Funds’ aided soldiers at the front and maintained morale at home.
    [Show full text]
  • On Four Fronts with the Royal Naval Division by Surgeons Geoffrey
    On Four Fronts with the Royal Naval Division by Surgeons Geoffrey Sparrow, MC And J N Macbean-Ross, MC, Royal Navy Major-General Sir Archibald Paris, KCB, RMA To the Officers, Non-commissioned 0fficers, and Men of the Royal Naval Division This is dedicated as a token of deep admiration and affectionate regard by their sincere friends The Authors 1 Foreword By Surgeon-General Sir James Porter, KCB, KCMG, RN The Authors have given us at first hand in fascinating form an absorbing and realistic narrative of stirring times in the annals of the Royal Naval Division. They have seen with their own observant eyes, and been themselves a part of all they describe in many lands. Accuracy is the dominant note through all their graphic pen and pencil pictures. It was my privilege to see this wonderful Division in the making when the raw material was composed of an assortment of men strangely varied, but of a high physical standard. They were all keen to learn, the war being urgent and dispatch necessary. Hence in a marvellously short time they became transformed by their Marine and Naval Instructors into the wonderful fighting men portrayed in these pages. Of good physique to start with, their training imbued them with the ready resource of the sailor and the precision of the soldier. The Authors take us pleasantly and with light touch through ever changing scenes from the Antwerp expedition, through the Homeric combats of Gallipoli, to Salonika and the Isles of Greece with their poisonous, malarial climate, to the muddy, blood- stained trenches of the Western Front.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interplay Between Technology, Tactics and Organisation in the First AIF
    The Interplay between Technology, Tactics and Organisation in the First AIF Ross Mallett 27 November 1998 Contents Introduction 1 1. Going to War 12 2. Gallipoli 37 3. The Western Front 62 4. Semi Open Warfare 91 5. Messines and Third Ypres 115 6. Sinai and Palestine 133 7. The German Offensives 163 8. The Final Offensives 181 Conclusions 199 List of Abbreviations Bibliography ii Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the interplay between the technology, tactics and organisation of the First AIF. Warfare in the twentieth warfare is characterised by the presence of certain technologies that give it a distinctive nature and which first appeared in the Great War. It was in the Great War that the highly dispersed form of tactics that we know today emerged. Thus, it is a natural starting point not only for the examination of warfare in the era of technology but for considering the nature of technological change itself. My Australian perspective enabled issues to be looked at to a depth that would not be possible in a work of this length with a broader view. I have argued that the Great War was characterised by the problem of trench warfare, and I have traced the progress of tactical, technological and organisational developments that ultimately supplied the solutions. I have also shown how the Great War was not only a war of technology in which new technologies were introduced and developed, but also one which saw the spread of new ways of thinking about military technology. In preparing this thesis, I have inspected the actual battlefields in France, Belgium and Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study Guide by Roger Stitson
    © ATOM 2014 A STUDY GUIDE BY ROGER STITSON http://www.metromagazine.com.au ISBN: 978-1-74295-401-1 http://www.theeducationshop.com.au General introductory note This study guide contains a range of class (L-R) WILLIAM UPJOHN ‘THE BUILDER’, JOHN CONCANNON ‘THE BOFFIN’, activities relevant to each specific episode. ANTHONY MILLER ‘THE BOMBARDIER’ - PHOTO BY GEOFFREY ELLIS. The activities on each episode are in self- contained sections throughout the study Pty Ltd Valour Images © For unless otherwise stated. Photographs by Stefan Postles guide. As some topics are relevant to all the episodes, there is an introductory section on primary and secondary source material and, later in the study guide, a Series Synopsis section devoted to a general overview of the entire series. There is also a dedicated he Boffin, the Builder and the Bombardier is Media Studies section of activities a fun and fast-paced series of eight ten-min- relevant to the construction, purposes and Tute episodes, in which three mates decon- outcomes of the series. struct history by reconstructing the devices that Episode synopses at the beginning of each made it. Each episode sees our characters uncover section are taken from the series press kit. the secrets of the past by immersing themselves in it – dressing up, with often comedic results – and blowing up ... sometimes just for the fun of it. But beneath the good humour is a well-researched documentary with experimental archaeology – the replication of objects and methods of the past, to Curriculum links • Draw up a list of examples of primary and sec- better interpret and understand them – at its core.
    [Show full text]
  • The 28Th: a Record of War Service in the Australian Imperial Force, 1915-19, Vol. I Egypt, Gallipoli, Lemnos Island, Sinai Peninsula
    1 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER XI. CHAPTER XII. CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. The 28th: A Record of War Service in the by Herbert Brayley Collett 2 CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER XI. CHAPTER XII. The 28th: A Record of War Service in the by Herbert Brayley Collett The Project Gutenberg eBook, The 28th: A Record of War Service in the Australian Imperial Force, 1915-19, Vol. I, by Herbert Brayley Collett This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The 28th: A Record of War Service in the Australian Imperial Force, 1915-19, Vol. I Egypt, Gallipoli, Lemnos Island, Sinai Peninsula Author: Herbert Brayley Collett Release Date: May 5, 2008 [eBook #25341] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE 28TH: A RECORD OF WAR SERVICE IN THE AUSTRALIAN IMPERIAL FORCE, 1915-19, VOL. I*** The 28th: A Record of War Service in the by Herbert Brayley Collett 3 E-text prepared by Elaine Walker, Barbara Kosker, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Forget About It Surprising Responses to Ultimatums to Surrender
    Military Despatches Vol 46 April 2021 Coming to a battlefield near you 10 weapons and systems of the 21st century Surrender? Forget about it Surprising responses to ultimatums to surrender “Let’s go!” Yuri Gagarin - the first man in space Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler Hitler’s most loyal sycophant For the military enthusiast CONTENTS April 2021 Page 10 Click on any video below to view How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and techno-speak that few Special Forces - Iraqi Special Operations Force outside the military could hope to under- 44 stand. Some of the terms Features Importance of role models were humorous, some 6 were clever, while others Sea Cadets invest in the youth’s were downright crude. Ten weapons of the future future - Officer Training 2021. Military technology of the 21st By Lt Cdr Glenn von Zeil. century. Part of Hipe’s “On the 48 16 22 Rank Structure couch” series, this is an Happy birthday Uncle Syd Remembering Yuri Gagarin Pt 1 interview with one of Over the next few months we The South African Signals As- From humble beginnings to the will be running a series of ar- author Herman Charles sociation’s oldest member, first man in space! By Regine ticles looking at the rank struc- Bosman’s most famous World War II veteran Sydney Lord. ture of various armed forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Anzacs in the Indian Ocean
    Foreword by the Australian High Commissioner, H.E. Susan Coles As friends of the Australian High Australian soldiers of Mauritian birth and Commission will be aware, it is an heritage. Australian tradition that wherever we may be in the world, Australians gather together Our aim in promoting this project was to commemorate ANZAC Day as one of to draw together in one place the current the most important and solemn events of information gathered by many parties from our national identity. This is in addition, various sources into one record. of course, to the dawn services and marches which are held across the length and breadth By a fortunate coincidence, this project has of our country, from the major cities to coincided with projects being undertaken small country towns. as part of the history studies at Ecole du Centre and Lycée La Bourdonnais to mark ANZAC Day has never been a celebration the 100 years since the battles of the Great of victory, the Gallipoli campaign being War in Europe, by identifying Mauritians of course a military defeat, but rather a who participated as soldiers in all the allied commemoration of those who, as members armies. of an all-volunteer force, gave their lives for their country, in all wars. ANZAC Day This booklet therefore represents the also recalls the horror and loss of war, and combined efforts of many parties. the many nurses, Red Cross personnel and medical officers who tended the wounded and dying, behind the front lines. To mark the centenary of the Gallipoli landings, the Australian High Commission H.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 37
    2. Gallipoli While the AIF convoy was crossing the Indian Ocean, Colonel H. G. Chauvel, the Australian representative at the War Office, and the High Commissioner in London, Sir George Reid, arranged with the British Secretary of State for War, Field Marshal Lord Kitchener, for its diversion to Egypt.1 Egypt had advantages over England as a training area. The milder climate permitted training to be carried out all day and every day, whereas in the 123 days that the Canadians spent training in England it rained on 89, causing training to be disrupted or cancelled.2 Nor was there the competition for training areas or restrictions on their use in Egypt. Furthermore, accommodation on the Salisbury Plain was at a premium and it was clear that sufficient hutment would not be available for winter. Wintering in tents in Egypt was a much more pleasant prospect. The strategic situation there had been changed by Britain's declaration of war on the Ottoman (or Turkish) Empire on 2 November 1914. Though nominally still part of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt had been occupied by the British since 1882. The Australians were deployed around Cairo in case there was trouble. Despite or perhaps because of all the precautions there was no disturbance in Egypt.3 Most of the Australians in Egypt soon became part of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) under the command of Lieutenant General Sir W. R. Birdwood. Corps headquarters was a British unit consisting of only 10 officers and 10 other ranks that Birdwood had formed in India and brought with him from Bombay on 12 December 1914.4 The headquarters was incomplete, and Birdwood particularly felt the lack of an artillery officer, noting that: Both Australian and New Zealand artillery are very backward indeed and need all the help they can get.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Primary Students About War
    Australian Journal of Teacher Education Volume 44 Issue 8 Article 1 2019 Teaching Primary Students about War Anthony Potts School of Education, University of Adelaide, [email protected] Nina Maadad School of Education, University of Adelaide, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Potts, A., & Maadad, N. (2019). Teaching Primary Students about War. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 44(8). Retrieved from https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol44/iss8/1 This Journal Article is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol44/iss8/1 Australian Journal of Teacher Education Teaching Primary School Students about War Anthony Potts Nina Maadad University of Adelaide Abstract: This article examines Australians at War: Primary Schools Education Resource and what it teaches students. This resource, for grades 4-6 students, has as its learning outcomes: knowledge of Australia’s involvement in various conflicts; students’ empathising with the experiences of war; the use of a variety of sources about war; engaging with people about war and their experiences of war; and reflecting on Australia’s wartime involvement in the development of identity and heritage. The article first locates the teaching approaches used in the resource within the research on history teaching and the political and public debates on what we should teach students about war. It then proceeds to examine Australians at War and its use of photographs, paintings and diaries to determine what is taught to students about war. The article exposes the difficulties and tensions inherent in teaching primary school students about armed conflict and the interest groups who want to shape what is taught.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gallipoli Centenary Education Project Learning Resources
    The Gallipoli Centenary Education Project Learning Resources Information for teachers The Gallipoli Centenary Education Project (GCEP) website http://gallipoli100education.org.uk/ contains a wealth of material about the Gallipoli campaign. This ranges from academic commentary through to artists’ responses from participating schools. This is the key resource for students to use when learning about the Gallipoli campaign. In this document you will find whole class activities (typically suited to students from 10 years of age upwards), suggestions for small group work and extension activities for individual learning. Many of these activities can be adapted for use in smaller or larger group settings. To find out more about how to get the best learning experiences from the Gallipoli story please visit this link http://gallipoli100education.org.uk/schoolprojects/getting-started/how-should-we-teach- children-about-gallipoli/ This document is available in Word and PDF formats so that you can cut and paste content into your own lesson plans, add or remove web links as required and delete the answers to quizzes. Introducing Gallipoli Use the following PowerPoint presentations to provide an overview of the Gallipoli story. Gallipoli – an overview Gallipoli – stories Gallipoli – images You may also wish to allow students some time to study these links: http://gallipoli100education.org.uk/useful-links-2/ … as well as the content held at the GCEP website. 1 © Gallipoli Centenary Education Project 2016 Whole Class Activities: Gallipoli Quizzes These quizzes are designed to work in a ‘game show’ style (for example by asking students to stand in areas of the classroom labelled A, B or C depending on their answer).
    [Show full text]
  • A MUSE of FIRE British Trench Warfare Munitions, Their Invention, Manufacture and Tactical Employment on the Western Front, 1914–18
    A MUSE OF FIRE British Trench Warfare Munitions, their Invention, Manufacture and Tactical Employment on the Western Front, 1914–18 Submitted by Anthony James Saunders to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, September 2008. This thesis is available for library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other university. Anthony Saunders Abstract The emergence of static warfare on the Western Front in late 1914 encouraged the reinvention of devices associated with siege warfare and the invention of hitherto unknown munitions. These munitions included hand and rifle grenades and trench mortars and their ammunition. At the outbreak of war, the British effectively possessed none of these devices and lacked an infrastructure by which they could be quickly designed, manufactured and supplied to the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The British met this challenge with considerable success. The subsequent proliferation of trench warfare munitions had profound consequences for the evolution of British tactics on the Western Front. This thesis examines the processes by which these devices were invented, developed into manufacturable devices and supplied to the BEF. It considers their novelty in respect to similar devices from the American Civil War and the Russo-Japanese War. It looks at how their technical evolution affected tactical developments.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BATTLE of GALLIPOLI 25 April 1915 – 9 January 1916
    TEACHERS’ NOTES EMPIRE AND COMMONWEALTH: THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI 25 April 1915 – 9 January 1916 Background By November 1914 the movement of the opposing Entente and German armies on the Western Front was slowing to the stalemate of trench warfare. The Ottoman Empire had secretly joined Germany’s Central Powers alliance on 2nd August 1914, hoping to use the war as a means of reasserting control over their former territories in Egypt and the fragile Balkans region. On 26th January 1915, they had launched a surprise attack into the Khedivate of Egypt – a semi-autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire ruled under British occupation as a British Protectorate. The Ottoman aim was to seize control of the Suez Canal, cut off Britain from her Empire, and re-establish direct rule there. At the same time, Jihadist Sennusi Arabs launched a guerrilla campaign out of Libya in support of the Ottoman Army. The Ottoman Armies had hoped their arrival would trigger a local Egyptian Arab uprising under the banner of Islamic Jihad in support of their military attack, but it never emerged. Britain saw the entry of the Ottoman Empire as an opportunity to break the deadlock on the Western Front, by quickly knocking them out of the war, linking up with Russia, and encircling the Central Powers on all sides. Winston TEACHERS’ NOTES Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty believed the Dardanelles could be forced by naval power, allowing Constantinople to be easily captured. With the Ottoman Empire out of the war, he argued that Greece and Italy would be encouraged to join the war on the Entente side.
    [Show full text]