ESENT I PR AR D N A I To see our subscription options, please R A click on the Mishpacha tab Questmesor ah CHOLENTCHOLENT WITHWITH THETHE GAUCHOSGAUCHOS TEXT AND PHOTOS BY Ari Greenspan and Ari Z. Zivotofsky

lthough all of us have heard about We knew there were large fascinating or far-flung Jewish communities Jewish communities in the big around the globe, it’s always hard to imagine cities of Argentina, but entire something so different from how we live. Even kehillos of Jewish ranchers Aseasoned travelers like ourselves who have become acquainted with a range of Jewish communities would not be quite prepared on the vast South American for what we were to find in the most unusual Jewish town of Moises Ville on the pampas of pampas? Although today the Argentina. Argentina, initially settled by Spanish town of Moises Ville is but a conquistadors in the 16th century, is a huge country taking up most of the lower half of remnant of its Jewish heyday, South America. For North American and European-centric Jews it might be difficult we were able to meet the last of to imagine that Argentina has the sixth largest Jewish community in the world, with over 200,000 Jews. But it wasn’t the large the Yiddishe gauchos, whose and vibrant kehillah in Buenos Aires that piqued our interest. After driving close to grandparents fled from pogroms 400 miles over dirt roads, with cows in every direction and open grassy, fertile plains as and oppression to stake out their far as the eye could see, we finally passed the sign welcoming us into Moises Ville, a hamlet turf in the Southern Hemisphere with just over 2,000 people including about 200 Jews. Yet in the 1940s, nearly the whole

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town of about 5,000 was Jewish. How did would not be kosher. But the richness of women’s balcony of the Brenner shul on gift, the group of shochtim gave us a to drink. The Jews would not eat the an entire Jewish city come to be in these the culture, the unique location, and the Yom Kippur and spend the entire day huge piece of prime cut meat. On Erev nonkosher meat some friendly gauchos rural South American plains, and then inherent kinship of the Jewish People there.there. Shabbos we bought some vegetables offered them, and instead survived on a

practically disappear within the last 70 combined to make it an intriguing and en- For sleeping accommodations in the F and eggs, and presto, a cholent was up few hard cookies that had to be soaked years? joyable Shabbos. tinytiny hamlet, hamlet, we we were were directed directed to to a a small small 1. and cooking. Actually, obtaining the to become eatable. They were living in Before arriving, we contacted a member bed and breakfast that is owned by a frumfrum vegetables wasn’t as easy as we thought, boxcars in Palacios’s unfinished train Cholent to Go We immediately knew of the local Jewish community, Judit absentee landlord and so there were because every store in town is closed for station when Dr. Wilhelm Lowenthal, there was something special about this Blumenthal. She and Batsheva Fischer, mezuzahs on all of the rooms. Although siesta from 12 to 4. Finally, a friendly a Jewish European doctor hired by the town when we noticed the street signs who were our hosts and tour guides, are wherever we travel, we always come teenager who wanted to be kind to Argentinean government, found them with names like Baron Hirsch, Estado experts in every aspect of the history of prepared for Shabbos with challah, wine, some foreign tourists woke his mother floundering after 62 of them, mostly de Israel (the State of Israel) and Hertzl this sleepy town and know every nook salami,salami, and and gefi gefilte lte fi sh, fish, we also we also enjoy enjoy to sell us some produce (he’d obviously children, had already died of typhus, Street, and saw Hebrew engraved on some and cranny. Batsheva is fi fth generation preparing something fresh that we can never heard of Dama exposure, and malnutrition. There was of the buildings from the early 1900s. Moises Ville, has never been to Israel shareshare with with the the locals. locals. Assuming Assuming there there 2. ben Nesinah of of course no Jewish cemetery yet, so the Even the elaborate theater building bore (though she hopes to come soon) and would be no kosher food to be found, we F Kiddushin 31a, who bodies of these children were stored in the Yiddish sign “Farain Kadima” — the yet, having learned in the local Jewish brought along a shechitahshechitah knifeknife andand somesome refused to wake his kerosene cans until a cemetery was later Kadima Association. In order to really get teacher’s seminary, speaks fl uent Hebrew. kashering salt salt and and were were hoping hoping to to buy buy a a father to sell a Parah established. to know this obviously Jewish (or former- Her grandfather’s grandfather was among Muscovy duck (see sidebar), or at least Adumah). The survivors of this particular group ly Jewish) town and its unusual history, the original settlers, although when he a chicken, and shechtshecht and and prepare prepare it it for for moved a few miles over and founded what we decided to spend Shabbos there and became a widower, he made aliyah and Shabbos. But luck was with us and our Swindled In the would become the town of Moises Ville. join the remnant community for davening died in Jerusalem in 1917. Not religious chalafchalaf was was unnecessary. unnecessary. We We had had stopped stopped late 1800s, hundreds In 1889, when the first Jews arrived, and a Shabbos night meal — even though herself, she wistfully reminisced how at one of the large kosher slaughterhouses of thousands of Jews the Argentinean pampas was a vast, wild we suspected that there would probably as a child she would watch her great- inin northern northern Argentina Argentina the the day day before before suffering under territory, similar in many ways to the not be a minyan and that the food they ate grandmother climb the stairs to the arriving in Moises Ville, where, as a parting the great burdens Wild West of the US. But in Argentina of widespread po- the Jews didn’t have to worry about groms and oppres- Indians because most of the natives had sion immigrated been killed off first by the Spaniards to the US, Western and then by an extermination program F3. Europe, Palestine, of the Argentinean government. The South Africa, and main enemy of the first settlers were the even South America. gauchos, equivalent to cowboys of the In 1881, although there were only 1,200 western US. Wary of the newcomers, they Jews in Argentina at the time, the Ar- killed more than a few of them. It seems gentine president signed a decree pro- that in those early days, the Jews fought moting Russian Jewish immigration. back and killed a fair number of gauchos Eight years later, a group of 813 Jews as well. The two groups eventually learned set sail on the steam ship Wesser to Ar- to put up with each other, and a new breed gentina and to the parcels of farm land developed: Jewish gauchos. 1. LIVING PROOF The old horse-drawn they thought they had bought while in Moises Ville became an essentially hearse of the chevra kaddisha was broken Russia. Jewish city in the middle of the South and rotting, but we could imagine how it The short version of the story of American plains. The Jews who found a separated between life and death through the village streets those first immigrants is that they were safe haven in these territories braved the cheated, arriving only to find that the tough conditions and became farmers land was not theirs. Eventually other and cattlemen, paving the way for other 2 JEWISH COWBOY Zelig, our new friend land was found for them, and so they immigrants who found their way to these and authentic Yiddishe gaucho, proudly made their way by train to Palacios, parts right up to World War II; by 1940 led whatever he knew of the Friday night where the alternate parcels were there were 5,000 Jews in the town. More services located. Aside from the newly procured of these Jewish villages began to develop land, however, there was nothing. No during the early 1900s, and soon entire 3. SIGN LANGUAGE Who would think that tools, no food, no houses, no water swathes of land were almost completely on the pampas of Argentina there would be a town whose streets were named after the Jewish state? 66 MISHPACHA MISHPACHA 67

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F4.

ofof yesteryear yesteryear are are today’s today’s decrepit decrepit to grace the town is far from forgotten. His and Rav Avraham Yitzchak Kook. He also oldold haunted haunted houses houses and and boarded boarded up up name was Rav Aharon Halevi Goldman, acted as gabbai tzedakah and would raise storefronts.storefronts. Dogs Dogs roam roam the the streets streets in in and the local history museum even bears funds for Torah and charity institutions packs.packs. WeWe continuouslycontinuously recitedrecited thethe pasukpasuk his name. The rabbi had one of the fi rst in Europe and Israel. He was niftar on ““U’lecholU’lechol Bnei Bnei Yisrael Yisrael lo lo yecheratz yecheratz kelev kelev cars in the town and, as the communal 6 Adar 5692 (1932) and his sefer Divrei leshonoleshono,”,” whichwhich isis traditionallytraditionally recitedrecited toto leader, he had a fl ashing blue light (that Aharon was published posthumously by protectprotect us us from from dogs. dogs. The The dogs dogs literally literally we saw on display in the museum) his family. camecame intointo thethe librarylibrary andand restaurantrestaurant andand attached to the front. And despite the 4.4. FROZENFROZEN ININ TIMETIME WhileWhile thethe BaronBaron HirschHirsch shulshul isis stillstill active,active, inin nearbynearby Palacios —Palacios — althoughalthough oneone even even managed managed to to get get into into the the shul, shul, small size and remote location of Moises Empty Spaces We wanted to see what thethe synagoguesynagogue hasn’thasn’t beenbeen usedused forfor years —years — beforebefore being being promptly promptly ejected. ejected. Garbage Garbage Ville, this talmid chacham had a halachic was left of some of the satellite towns, and siddurim,siddurim, andand eveneven celebratorycelebratory pekalach pekalach,, areare cannotcannot be be left left in in cans, cans, lest lest the the dogs dogs get get impact that still reverberates today. It was thus drove down a rustic, dirt road from setset outout toto keepkeep thethe memoriesmemories alivealive intointo them them and and make make a a mess. mess. In In front front under his infl uence and halachic backing Moises Ville for ten minutes, reaching the ofof each each home home there there is is a a tall tall pole pole with with a a that a ban on conversion in Argentina nearest town of Palacios, where the orig- metalmetal basketbasket onon toptop toto holdhold aa garbagegarbage bagbag was instituted. He felt that a convert inal settlers fi rst stopped. The unfi nished 5.5. ATTACKEDATTACKED The The multiplemultiple gravegrave ofof thethe beyondbeyond thethe reachreach ofof thethe dogs.dogs. OnOn MotzaeiMotzaei could only be accepted if he lived in a fully train station where they encamped is still WaismanWaisman family,family, murderedmurdered inin 1897,1897, isis aa Shabbos,Shabbos, we we needed needed to to dispose dispose of of our our observant community — something that there, more than 130 years later. No Jews Jewish. Yiddish was the lingua franca, and even today we communicated reminderreminder ofof thethe heavyheavy priceprice ofof freedomfreedom leftoverleftover cholent cholent and and the the local local woman woman in in was nonexistent in Argentina. live here anymore, but the synagogue with rudimentary Spanish, Yiddish, and Hebrew in order to make ourselves chargecharge ofof thethe hotelhotel toldtold usus toto justjust dumpdump itit Born in 1853 in Podolia, Russia, Rav building is still standing and there are understood. In fact, on the previous Shabbos, which we spent in Buenos Aires, onon thethe grass.grass. SureSure enoughenough wewe did,did, andand thethe Goldman received semichah at 18 and even some seforim arranged on shtenders we met a dinner guest in his 80s who spoke to us in Yiddish, recounting his dogsdogs devoured devoured it it in in minutes. minutes. supported himself as a shochet. Asked to in a museum-like fashion — but the thick 5.5. childhood in a town called Avigdor. He would ride his horse eight kilometers FF join as the religious leader of the initial layer of dust on the fl oor attested to the to and from school, which he attended for just two grades. And although he NoNo GemarasGemaras AsAs strongstrong asas JewishJewish culcul-- group of 136 families that set out to settle long time since the building had visitors. said he can’t remember a thing of what he supposedly learned, the Jewish tureture was,was, MoisesMoises VilleVille waswas nevernever aa bastionbastion the pampas, it was he who suggested the We took a peek in one of the books and schools were considered the best in the area and he said the non-Jewish ofof TorahTorah scholarship.scholarship. AlthoughAlthough wewe lookedlooked city be named ”Kiryat Moshe” in honor were fascinated by what we saw. There gauchos would send their kids there too — becoming fluent in Yiddish. throughthrough “ “genizahgenizah shmutz shmutz”” and and went went of Moshe Rabbeinu who led the Jews to was a letter written by the local rav dated There were many of these small towns, each with at least one synagogue. throughthrough many many long-closed long-closed cabinets, cabinets, we we freedom. That name became transformed precisely the same week we were visiting, Moises Ville had four shuls, a Jewish bank, a Yiddish newspaper, and a teacher’s couldcould findfi nd nono evidenceevidence ofof advancedadvanced TorahTorah into Moises Ville. As a fi erce defender only 69 years earlier. The letter — part of a seminary that for many years provided Jewish teachers for all of South books.books. ThereThere waswas nono shortageshortage ofof machzomachzo-- of tradition, he insisted that the Jewish book of handwritten communal bylaws — America. The town’s Jewish school — which wasn’t specifically religious but rimrim andand YiddishYiddish literature,literature, butbut TalmudicTalmudic stores in town all be closed on Shabbos. gave permission to the local shochet to produced graduates fluent in Hebrew and Jewish culture — closed two years literatureliterature was was not not to to be be found. found. If If there there And as a recognized gaon, he carried on shecht exclusively for the community. ago, but up until the 1970s had youngsters dorming from all over Argentina werewere nono TorahTorah books,books, itit meansmeans thethe peoplepeople correspondences from the pampas of While the Moises Ville Jewish cemetery and even some other South American countries. Today, with only about 200 didn’tdidn’t learn. learn. Nor Nor was was there there ever ever a a yeshivah yeshivah South America with the greatest leaders is packed with over 2,000 graves, the Jews left — none of whom remained Torah-observant — the only thing left inin Moises Moises Ville Ville despite despite the the many many other other ed ed-- of the time, including Rav Yitzchak Palacios cemetery was huge but had for the children is a youth group that meets every other Shabbos and attracts ucationalucational institutions institutions the the city city hosted. hosted. Elchanan Spektor, the Chofetz Chaim, relatively few graves, attesting to the about 15 kids, probably the last generation of Jews to live in Moises Ville. YetYet thethe mostmost significantsignifi cant rabbinicrabbinic fi figuregure Rav Shmuel Salant, Rav Shmuel Mohliver, future communal growth anticipated by This community lived and breathed Jewish culture and tradition much more than religion after that first founding generation, although there were some shomrei mitzvos along the way. Today there remains one woman who is careful to eat only kosher. In the mid 1940s, as the prospect of a Jewish state appeared to be on the horizon, Zionist hachsharot were established to teach young people the skills necessary for agriculture in Eretz Yisrael. The community still has a Yiddish library and a huge 700-seat theater called Kadima in the town’s central square. In its heyday, Yiddish plays were performed and Jewish music and community festivals were featured. We noticed a skylight right in the center of the theater, so that during a wedding, a chuppah could be set up under the open sky. The theater is still tended by the municipality, which uses it for public school graduations, and the village’s lone succah is built in the town square out in front. Today, Moises Ville is a shadow of its former glory. The upscale buildings

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Duck Soup the founders, but which would never be WhenWhen hehe arrivedarrived withwith thethe initialinitial immigrantsimmigrants realized. In the chevra kaddisha building toto Argentina,Argentina, RavRav AharonAharon GoldmanGoldman becamebecame we found an intricately carved, old acquaintedacquainted withwith aa commoncommon locallocal bird,bird, thethe BLOWN AWAY Armino broken wooden stretcher to transport (Avraham ben Pinchas MuscovyMuscovy duckduck ((CairinaCairina moschatamoschata).). ItIt lookslooks aa the deceased and a tefillah of the chevra, Halevi) is a proud shofar- bitbit differentdifferent fromfrom thethe ducksducks wewe areare familiarfamiliar posted but rotting on the wall. blower, having learned on with,with, withwith aa strangestrange bumpbump onon itsits forehead,forehead, In the larger Moises Ville cemetery, the monogrammed shofar andand insteadinstead ofof aa quack,quack, itit emitsemits aa hiss.hiss. SinceSince along one fence is a section for infants, he inherited from the aa birdbird needsneeds aa mesorahmesorah,, oror tradition,tradition, toto bebe including many of the reburied children previous baal tokeia consideredconsidered kosher,kosher, hehe ponderedpondered itsits similaritysimilarity who died in that first horrible year. There toto otherother kosherkosher ducks.ducks. HeHe waswas seeminglyseemingly is a separate section for suicides, where unawareunaware thatthat RabbiRabbi BernardBernard IllowayIlloway ofof NewNew one can see young men who buckled OrleansOrleans hadhad comecome acrossacross thisthis duckduck inin 18621862 andand then,then, unsureunsure ofof itsits permissibility,permissibility, hadhad under the pressures in those early years andand his his engaging engaging smile smile and and excellent excellent guide us home on his bicycle. He pointed askedasked RabbiRabbi SamsonSamson RaphaelRaphael HirschHirsch ofof GermanyGermany andand RabbiRabbi AdlerAdler ofof LondonLondon forfor theirtheir and took their own lives. There is the YiddishYiddish made made him him delightful delightful to to converse converse to the bike and told us, “My horse died, opinionsopinions onon thethe duck’sduck’s status.status. BothBoth rabbisrabbis forbadeforbade itit andand asas aa result,result, untiluntil today,today, itit isis notnot white plastered grave of the legendary with.with. He He is is also also the the local local shofar shofar blower, blower, this is my horse now,” although in reality acceptedaccepted asas kosherkosher inin thethe USUS byby anyany kashruskashrus organization.organization. Rav Goldman. There is a section for those andand on on a a visit visit to to his his home, home, he he proudly proudly most herdsmen use a pickup in lieu of RavRav Goldman,Goldman, meanwhile,meanwhile, raisedraised thethe questionquestion ofof itsits statusstatus toto thethe rabbinicrabbinic worldworld inin murdered in the early years. And then, in showedshowed usus thethe oldold shofarshofar hehe hadhad inheritedinherited a horse today. He led us to his modest 19061906 inin thethe EuropeanEuropean TorahTorah journaljournal V’yalkutV’yalkut YosefYosef.. AfterAfter impressiveimpressive halachichalachic reasoning,reasoning, a different section, is an extremely long fromfrom the the previous previous baalbaal tokeia tokeia,, engraved engraved house, where after Havdalah, he put on his hehe reachedreached thethe conclusionconclusion thatthat thethe MuscovyMuscovy waswas indeedindeed permitted,permitted, despitedespite criticscritics bothboth grave. We were told that it’s the grave of withwith the the words words Moises Moises Ville Ville on on the the side. side. bombachas, the loose baggy trousers worn atat homehome andand abroad.abroad. InIn orderorder toto settlesettle thethe issueissue onceonce andand forfor all,all, twotwo birdsbirds werewere putput onon the murdered members of the Waisman HeHe also also showed showed off off a a shechitahshechitah knife knife he he by gauchos, and his boina, the beret-like aa boatboat andand shippedshipped offoff toto JerusalemJerusalem forfor RavRav ShmuelShmuel SalantSalant toto seesee andand pasken pasken on.on. OneOne family, killed in 1897 by drunken non- inheritedinherited from from his his great-grandfather. great-grandfather. cap of the gauchos. But that was merely for birdbird actuallyactually mademade itit alive.alive. RavRav SalantSalant initiallyinitially refrainedrefrained fromfrom rulingruling onon thethe matter,matter, butbut Jews who attacked the family in their FromFrom ourour seatsseats acrossacross thethe tabletable onon FridayFriday the pictures. His wife is of Jewish Turkish eventuallyeventually acquiescedacquiesced andand orderedordered hishis shochetshochet toto slaughterslaughter thethe birdbird inin honorhonor ofof Pesach;Pesach; isolated Palacios house. In the ensuing night,night, we we noticed noticed something something silver silver nestled nestled origin from another wave of immigrants aa letterletter waswas promptlypromptly dispatcheddispatched toto ArgentinaArgentina statingstating thatthat thethe birdbird “was“was beingbeing cookedcooked struggle, Gittel, her husband Mordechai inin his his mighty mighty hand hand and and thought thought it it might might and they proudly showed us pictures of inin aa potpot inin JerusalemJerusalem followingfollowing thethe instructionsinstructions ofof RavRav SalantSalant toto hishis shochetshochet.”.” AsAs aa result,result, Joseph, their eight-year-old-daughter bebe a a flask flask ofof somesome schnapps.schnapps. But But toto our our their two kids, who, like most of the next thethe MuscovyMuscovy duckduck isis toto thisthis dayday shechtedshechted andand eateneaten inin EretzEretz Yisrael.Yisrael. Perl, and three-week-old-son Baruch surprisesurprise it it was was a a harmonica; harmonica; the the cowboy cowboy generation, have moved on — either to were brutally murdered. The rest of their waswas soon soon serenading serenading the the group group with with larger cities in Argentina, or to Israel or children survived. zemirotzemirot onon hishis instrument.instrument. ItIt wasn’twasn’t easyeasy other countries. experiencingexperiencing ShabbosShabbos inin thisthis nonreligiousnonreligious The cyclic nature of many Jewish Shabbos Tunes Friday night in Moi- eling partner Ethan Shuman to the amud locallocal population population of of 2015 2015 — — knew knew little little environment,environment, but but on on some some level, level, Armino Armino Diaspora communities is well described. ses Ville we went to the Brenner Shul to lead Lecha Dodi. Together they sang aboutabout Judaism Judaism or or halachah. halachah. andand his his friends friends were were an an inspiration inspiration — — But in the case of these communities on (officially known as the Beit Midrash and harmonized the Lewandowski can- TheThe communal communal Friday Friday night night dinner dinner holdingholding on on to to tradition tradition as as best best as as they they the Argentinean plains, it was particularly Hagadol and currently the only remaining torial Tzaddik Katamar and Zelig glowed waswas heldheld inin aa locallocal restaurant.restaurant. WeWe sippedsipped knowknow how. how. fast and stark. In the course of 100 years, functioning synagogue, as the main Baron like a man slaking his thirst for Yiddish- ourour waterwater andand ateate somesome freshfresh vegetables,vegetables, Meanwhile,Meanwhile, we we hit hit it it off off withwith ZeligZelig thousands of Jews moved from the Hirsch synagogue is being repaired) to keit. At the end of the service, Kiddush havinghaving made made Kiddush Kiddush and and washed washed and and andand invited invited him him back back to to our our place place for for Eastern Hemisphere to the Western, observe their Kabbalat Shabbat service. was recited over kosher Argentine wine, eateneaten a a quick quick Shabbos Shabbos meal meal at at our our hotel hotel ShabbosShabbos lunch lunch the the next next day. day. We We sort sort and from the Northern to the Southern, There we met a true Jewish gaucho. Zelig but the challah used for hamotzi was from beforebefore joining joining them. them. Sitting Sitting across across from from ofof commandeered commandeered the the guesthouse, guesthouse, put put settling the vast, open Argentinean plains. (Luis) Liebenbuk was standing at the bi- a nonkosher Italian bakery. They have usus was was another another Jewish Jewish cowboy cowboy who who aa table table in in the the center center lobby, lobby, and and had had a a They prospered and bore children, who mah, with a smile that lit up the entire been baking the challah for the commu- introducedintroduced himself himself as as Avraham Avraham ben ben regularregular Shabbos Shabbos seudahseudah.. Sitting Sitting around around grew up and moved on — leaving behind room. He is officially the baal tefillah but nity for decades and although we tried, PinchasPinchas Halevi. Halevi. Better Better known known to to the the locals locals thethe cholent,cholent, hehe taughttaught usus thethe insins andand outsouts tens of weathered and empty shuls, is more like a social director. Five days a there was no way to arrange for them to asas 72-year-old72-year-old ArminoArmino Seiferheld,Seiferheld, whosewhose ofof choosingchoosing aa goodgood bullbull andand howhow muchmuch hayhay closed schools, and libraries gathering week he’s out in the field with his small make it kosher the week we were there. parentsparents fled fled NaziNazi GermanyGermany in in thethe 1930s,1930s, toto buy. buy. He He told told us us about about the the best best year year of of dust. Buildings with Jewish stars dot the herd of 90 head of cattle, and although not A group of 15-year-olds from the hehe lives lives in in a a respectable respectable house house surrounded surrounded hishis life,life, asas aa singlesingle guyguy workingworking inin thethe barnbarn countryside as weeds reclaim the land. fully observant, he remembers his grand- Jewish school in Tucuman, Argentina, byby trees, trees, has has leathery leathery skin, skin, and and when when he he onon anan IsraeliIsraeli kibbutz.kibbutz. ““IchIch binbin anan emesdikeemesdike Leaving Zelig after Havdalah, we father as a shamash and a learned man. was visiting Moises Ville as part of their takestakes hishis massivemassive handhand inin yoursyours youyou feelfeel YiddisheYiddishe gaucho gaucho — — I’m I’m a a real real Jewish Jewish understood that not only were we finishing He led the congregational singing, point- annual school trip and they also joined us likelike a a warm warm mitt mitt has has enveloped enveloped you. you. Those Those cowboy,”cowboy,” he he told told us. us. Enjoying Enjoying his his company, company, Shabbos, but that we were watching the ing here and there like the host of a talent for Shabbos. While many of these Jewish handshands bespeak bespeak a a lifetime lifetime of of hard hard work. work. He He wewe invitedinvited ourselvesourselves toto hishis househouse toto makemake setting of the sun on another unusual show. Then he coaxed our friend and trav- students spoke Hebrew, they — like the hashas a a herd herd of of 600 600 cattle cattle at at a a farm farm in in Palacios Palacios Havdalah.Havdalah. HeHe showedshowed upup afterafter ShabbosShabbos toto chapter of Jewish history. —

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