DOCSLIB.ORG

Strukturalisme, Post-Strukturalisme Dan Neo- Strukturalisme

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strukturalisme, Post-Strukturalisme Dan Neo- Strukturalisme STRUKTURALISME, POST-STRUKTURALISME DAN NEO- STRUKTURALISME Sannuraini Universitas Hasanuddin A. Structuralism Structuralism in Europe developed in the early 1900s, mainly in France and Russian Empire, in the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the subsequent Prague, Moscow and Copenhagen schools of linguistics. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, when structural linguistics were facing serious challenges from the likes of Noam Chomsky and thus fading in importance, an array of scholars in the humanities borrowed Saussure's concepts for use in their respective fields of study. Structuralism in literature can provide the way to understand the culture as Rahman & Letlora (2018) stated that Language and culture are two important elements which cannot be separated each other. Language is a medium of communication to acquire the information of culture and others. Communication in daily activity especially in Indonesian tradition which include many expression and idioms in order to strengthen the tradition itself such as ‘maulid nabi’ (Rahman, 2017). Based on Rahman’s research, there is a relation between language and literature. Rahman (2020) stated that literature is an identity which referred to ethno-literature. Literature is a source of learning and entertainment for readers (Rahman, Amir P., & Tammasse, 2019). One of literary work that interesting and has important role in literary research is Shakespeare’s writing as Rahman & Weda (2019) in their research regarding linguistics deviation and rhetoric figures in Shakespeare’s selected plays. The structuralist mode of reasoning has been applied in a diverse range of fields, including anthropology, sociology, psychology, literary criticism, economics and architecture. The most prominent thinkers associated with structuralism include Claude Lévi-Strauss, linguist Roman Jakobson, and psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. As an intellectual movement, structuralism was initially presumed to be the heir apparent to existentialism. However, by the late 1960s, many of structuralism's basic tenets came under attack from a new wave of predominantly French intellectuals such as the philosopher and historian Michel Foucault, the philosopher Jacques Derrida, the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, and the literary critic Roland Barthes. Lévi-Strauss, Lacan, Barthes, and Foucault are called "Gang of Four”. Though elements of their work necessarily relate to structuralism. In the 1970s, structuralism was criticized for its rigidity and a historicism. Despite this, many of structuralism's proponents, such as Lacan, continue to assert an influence on continental philosophy and many of the fundamental assumptions of some of structuralism's post- structuralist critic are a continuation of structuralism. Ferdinand de Saussure and The Central Concept of Structural Linguistic 1. Synchronic and Diachronic Synchronic linguistics is one of two main temporal dimensions of language study introduced by Saussure in his “Course in General Linguistics” (1916). It aims at describing a language at the specific point of time. The other is diachronic linguistics, which is the study of language through periods of time in history. The first looks at a snapshot of a language, and the other studies its evolution like a frame of films or movie). For examples, analyzing the word order in a sentence in Old English only would be a study in synchronic linguistics. If you looked at how word order charged in a sentences from Old English to Middle English and now to modern English, that would be a diachronic study. 2. Langue and Parole Langue is a complete system of linguistic signs that allows to configure and determine the use of grammar, phonology and vocabulary. This system is conventionalized according to the communicative needs of a society. In contrast, Parole is the physical manifestation of speech, where through individual use of language (langue) each person creates a particular style that characterizes it in the process of communication in a society. Examples: - I went to Bantimurung Yesterday. (Langue=.have a rule) - Yesterday, I go to Bantimurung. (Parole= automatically) 3. Signifier and Signified Semiotics is concerned with signs and their relationship with objects and meaning. Saussure argued that linguistic signs were composed of two parts a signifier and a signified. Simply put, signifier is the sound associated with or image of something (e.g., a tree), while the signified is the idea of concept of the thing (e.g., the idea of tree). And the sign is the object that combine the signifier and the signified into a meaningful unit. 4. Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relation Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic relation are introduced by Saussure (1974) to distinguish two kinds of signifier: one concerns positioning (syntagmatic) and the other concerns substitution (paradigmatic). A syntagmatic relationship involves a sequence of signs that together create meaning. A paradigmatic relationship involves signs that can replace each other, usually changing the meaning with the substitution. The words in a sentences are all syntagms and together they form a syntagmatic relationship that creates meaning. If we change the order of syntagm in a sentence it can change the meaning significantly. Examples: - John ate an octopus - An octopus ate John Two sentences using the exact same words (syntagms), but very different meanings because the order (the syntagmatic relationship) of the words changed. Sticking with John and his dinner, John might have a chosen a variety of things to eat besides octopus. He might have chosen beef, eggplant chicken, or pasta for his meal. Each is part of a paradigm of foods or specifically foods John might eat. The items in a paradigm share some kind of function and the paradigm is the set or category they belongs to. Syntagmatic and paradigmatic can be seen as different dimensions of a sign and they are often shown that way as in the following table. The cow jumped over the moon The dog walked around my yard The cat slept under your bed Our hamster ran inside its wheel Their Bird flew through our window Pat’s fish swam in a fishbowl The syntagmatic relationship is seen along the horizontal axis and the paradigmatic relationship is seen along the vertical axis. Start at any row and read across for the syntagmatic relationship. For example “The cow jumped over the moon” (syntagmatic) together for one meaning, but cow could replace with another word in the column (paradigmatic) to form a different sentence with a different meaning such as “the fish jumped over the moon”. Another example, here are a couple of three course meals. The combination salad, salmon, ice cream forms a syntagmatic relationship as does soup, steak, and pie. Salmon and steak have a paradigmatic relationship because one can be substituted for another. Syntagmatic is vertical relationship and Paradigmatic is horizontal relationship. Salad Salmon Ice Cream Soup Steak Pie B. Post- structuralism Post-Structuralism is a late 20th Century movement in philosophy and literary criticism, which is difficult to summarize but which generally defines itself in its opposition to the popular Structuralism movement which preceded it in 1950s and 1960s France. It is closely related to Post-Modernism, although the two concepts are not synonymous. The prefix "post" refers to the fact that many contributors such as Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Julia Kristeva were former structuralists who, after abandoning structuralism, became quite critical of it. In direct contrast to structuralism's claims of culturally independent meaning, post- structuralists typically view culture as inseparable from meaning. While post-structuralism is difficult to define or summarize, it can be broadly understood as a body of distinct reactions to structuralism. There are two main reasons for this difficulty. First, it rejects definitions that claim to have discovered absolute 'truths' or facts about the world. Second, very few people have willingly accepted the label 'post-structuralist'; rather, they have been labeled as such by others. Therefore no one has felt compelled to construct a 'manifesto' of post-structuralism. Thus the exact nature of post-structuralism and whether it can be considered a single philosophical movement is debated. It has been pointed out that the term is not widely used in Europe (where most supposedly "post-structuralist" theory originates) and that the concept of a post-structuralist theoretical paradigm is largely the invention of American academics and publishers. In the Post-Structuralist approach to textual analysis, the reader replaces the authors as the primary subject of inquiry and, without a central fixation on the author, Post-Structuralists examine other sources for meaning (e.g., readers, cultural norms, other literature, etc), which are therefore never authoritative, and promise no consistency. A reader's culture and society, then, share at least an equal part in the interpretation of a piece to the cultural and social circumstances of the author. Some of the key assumptions underlying Post-Structuralism include: 1. The concept of "self" as a singular and coherent entity is a fictional construct, and an individual rather comprises conflicting tensions and knowledge claims (e.g. gender, class, profession, etc). The interpretation of meaning of a text is therefore dependent on a reader's own personal concept of self. 2. An author's intended meaning (although the author's own identity as a stable "self" with a single,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Critical Models Interventions and Catchwords Theodor W. Adorno
    EuRoPEAN PERSPECTIVES A Series in Social Thought and Cultural Criticism Lawrence D. Kritzman, Editor Critical Models Interventions and Catchwords European Perspectives presents English translations of books by leading European thinkers. With both classic and outstanding contemporary works, the series aims to shape the major intellectual controversies of our day and to facilitate the tasks of his­ torical understanding. Julia Kristeva Strangers to Ourselves Theodor W. Adorno Notes to Literature, vols.1 and 2 Richard Wolin, editor The Heidegger Controversy Antonio Gramsci Prison Notebooks, vols. 1 and 2 Jacques LeGoff History and Memory Alain Finkielkraut Remembering in Vain: The Klaus Barbie Trial and Crimes Against Humanity Julia Krist eva Nations Without Nationalism Pierre Bourdieu The Field of Cultural Production Theodor W. Adorno Pierre Vidal-Naquet Assassins of Memory: Essays on the Denial of the Holocaust Translated and with a Preface Hugo Ball Critique of the German Intelligentsia by Henry W Pickford Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari What Is Philosophy? Karl Heinz Bohrer Suddenness: On the Moment of Aesthetic Appearance Alain Finkielkraut The Defeat of the Mind Julia Krist eva New Maladies of the Soul Elisabeth Badinter XY: On Masculine Identity Karl Lowith Martin Heidegger and European Nihilism Gilles Deleuze Negotiations, 1972-1990 Pierre Vidal-Naquet The jews: History, Memory, and the Present Norbert Elias The Germans Louis Althusser Writings on Psychoanalysis: Freud and Lacan Elisabeth Roudinesco jacques Lacan: His Life and Work Ross Guberman julia Kristeva Interviews Kelly Oliver The Portable Kristeva Pierra Nora Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past, vol. 1: Conflicts and Divisions, vol. 2: Traditions, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism”, Chapter 3 from the Book Creating Literary Analysis (Index.Html) (V
    This is “Writing about Character and Motivation: Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism”, chapter 3 from the book Creating Literary Analysis (index.html) (v. 1.0). This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ 3.0/) license. See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author (but see below), don't make money from it, and do make it available to everyone else under the same terms. This content was accessible as of December 29, 2012, and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz (http://lardbucket.org) in an effort to preserve the availability of this book. Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. Additionally, per the publisher's request, their name has been removed in some passages. More information is available on this project's attribution page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/attribution.html?utm_source=header). For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/). You can browse or download additional books there. i Chapter 3 Writing about Character and Motivation: Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the varieties of psychoanalytic literary theories. 2. Apply a psychoanalytic theory to a literary work. 3. Engage in the writing process of a peer writer, including peer review.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospects for Lacanian Psychoanalysis in Law Richard E
    Washington and Lee Law Review Volume 54 | Issue 3 Article 9 Summer 6-1-1997 Does Law Need an Analyst? Prospects for Lacanian Psychoanalysis in Law Richard E. Redding Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr Part of the Jurisprudence Commons, and the Law and Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Richard E. Redding, Does Law Need an Analyst? Prospects for Lacanian Psychoanalysis in Law, 54 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 1119 (1997), https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol54/iss3/9 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington and Lee Law Review at Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington and Lee Law Review by an authorized editor of Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Review Does Law Need an Analyst? Prospects for Lacanian Psychoanalysis in Law LACAN AND THE SUBJECT OF LAW: TOWARD A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITI- CAL LEGAL THEORY. By David S. Caudill. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1997. 206 pp. $15.95 paper, $49.95 cloth. Reviewed by Richard E. Redding The debate continues over the merits of French psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan - was he a "charlatan"' or an "intellectual hero?"2 Enter David Caudill's book, Lacan and the Subject oftaw: Toward a Psychoana- lytic CriticalLegal Theory.3 In providing practical applications of Lacan to the law, the book will no doubt be seen as an important contribution in resolving the debate. Caudill, a law professor with a Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Real and the Gaze of Jacques Lacan
    Roger Williams University DOCS@RWU Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Faculty Publications Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation 2019 The Real and the Gaze of Jacques Lacan John S. Hendrix Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.rwu.edu/saahp_fp Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons, and the Arts and Humanities Commons The Real and the Gaze of Jacques Lacan John Shannon Hendrix The third category of the psyche in Lacanian psychoanalysis is the real (réel), which is neither imaginary nor symbolic in conscious or unconscious thought, and which is inaccessible to psychoanalysis itself. The real is not reality in either a conceptual or phenomenological sense, which is the sym- bolic and the imaginary: it is only proposed as an algebraic concept, as it cannot be conceived. It exists as an absence in the symbolic order (lan- guage), as the unconscious exists as an absence in conscious thought. Non- presence can be seen in the real of Lacan, and the gaze, in the dialectic be- tween the imaginary and the symbolic, and in the Hegelian dialectic between subjective and objective spirit. The real of Lacan is exterior to the symbolic, and cannot be represented by the symbolic, and yet the real has an effect on the symbolic, as the unconscious has an effect on conscious thought. The real is the inability of the signifier in language to relate to the signified, the im- possibility of meaning in language, and the impossibility of the subject. In every attempt that the subject makes to represent itself in language or percep- tion, according to Lacan, something is missed, or left behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Transference: a Paradoxical Concept Pierre-Gilles Guéguen
    Volume 2, Issue 12 December 4, 2014 LCEXPRESS Transference: A Paradoxical Concept Pierre-Gilles Guéguen Précis In this issue we present a long anticipated lecture by Pierre-Gilles Guéguen from Clinical Study Days 7. His essay frames the transference as paradoxical and focuses on the conceptual arc of Lacan’s thinking about transference. Guéguen’s work here is thorough and in-depth. He argues that in the 21st century, the erosion of the symbolic order loosens the ties between the symbolic, imaginary and real. Transference can shore up these loose ties. Guéguen also recounts aspects of testimonies of the pass that illustrate the dynamic of the transference at the end of analysis. Gary Marshall, Co-Editor lacaniancompass.org !1 Volume 2, Issue 12 December 4, 2014 Transference: A Paradoxical Concept The LC EXPRESS delivers the Transference phenomena were first identified as "new editions, Lacanian Compass copies, of tendencies and fantasies (...) of which the characteristic feature is in a new format. Its aim is to deliver to replace a formerly known person by the person of the doctor."1 This is how relevant texts in a Freud expressed himself concerning the Dora case at the beginning of the dynamic timeframe for use in the clinic 20th century. He was already stressing the false attribution of tendencies and and in advance of fantasies to the analyst, reinforced by the particular conditions of analytic study days and treatment. In 1915, however, in “Observations on Transference-Love,”1 Freud conference meetings. The LC proposes a variation on his speech of 1900 by affirming that transference EXPRESS publishes love, as unreal as it may be, is nevertheless a “genuine” love and points out works of theory and that if it appears to be abnormal, it only reproduces the banal state of “being clinical practice and emphasizes both in love” that is always symptomatic.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes Towards a Phenomenological Reading of Lacan
    Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, Volume 6, Edition 1 May 2006 Page 1 of 9 Notes Towards a Phenomenological Reading of Lacan by Ryan Kemp Abstract Phenomenological psychotherapy, while critiquing psychoanalytic theories, has always sought to draw on and be inspired by these (and other) approaches. To read psychoanalysis through the lens of existential-phenomenology opens, deepens and perhaps even rehabilitates this body of work. In this paper, the work of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan is explored through a phenomenological reading of his early work. Aspects of his developmental theory, as well as certain of his theoretical innovations, are related to psychopathology and treatment and are explored and understood in phenomenological terms. Emphasis is placed on psychotherapeutic experience and understandings. The paper argues that there is much of value in Lacan’s work and that it is more existentially rich than is often acknowledged. Introduction explore Lacan’s work in more detail. Good general introductions include Boothby (1991), Fink (1997), Jacques Lacan’s work has since its inception been the Gurewich (1996), Plottel (1985), Ragland-Sullivan target of much attack and even more perplexity, (1987) and Thompson (1985), while more complex Lacan’s own personality arguably contributing to interpretations are provided by Eigen (1981), Fink much of this confusion and rejection (Gurewich, (1995), Forrester (1987a, 1987b), Moss (1989, 1990) 1996; Plottel, 1985). The lack of translations and the and Schneiderman (1993). density of the theory have kept Lacanian ideas from the English-speaking world until very recently (Moss, It would be possible to trace Lacan’s intellectual 1990). Thus Lacan’s rich insights into the human influences to phenomenological sources (Boothby, condition have been largely ignored or gone 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Lacan and the Electric Guitar at the Intersection of Music, Technology, and Identity
    Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee Volume 3 Issue 2 Spring 2012 Article 10 March 2012 Listening Awry: Lacan and the Electric Guitar at the Intersection of Music, Technology, and Identity Jacob Morris University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit Recommended Citation Morris, Jacob (2012) "Listening Awry: Lacan and the Electric Guitar at the Intersection of Music, Technology, and Identity," Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee: Vol. 3 : Iss. 2 , Article 10. Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit/vol3/iss2/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Volunteer, Open Access, Library Journals (VOL Journals), published in partnership with The University of Tennessee (UT) University Libraries. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee by an authorized editor. For more information, please visit https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit. Pursuit: The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Tennessee Copyright © The University of Tennessee Listening Awry: Lacan and the Electric Guitar at the Intersection of Music, Technology, and Identity JACOB MORRIS Advisor: Dr. Allen Dunn College Scholars, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Contemporary positions on technology tend to emphasize that its import lies in its appropriation by a given social actor (group or individual), by how it is used. This paper does not categorically deny that such is often the case, but suggests that its inversion is widely overlooked. Overlooked, because much like the skull in Holbein’s The Ambassadors, evidence of technology’s active effect on the user is distorted until viewed from a particular vantage point.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gaze in Theory
    THE GAZE IN THEORY: THE CASES OF SARTRE AND LACAN Melinda Jill Storr Thesis submitted for DPhil degree University of York Centre for Women's Studies April 1994 ABSTRACT The topic of my research is the 'hierarchy of the senses' as it appears in mainstream Western thought, and specifically the privilege accorded to vision in twentieth century literary and theoretical writings. My aim is to investigate the allegation (as made by, for example, Evelyn Fox Keller and Christine Grontowski, and by Luce Irigaray) that the metaphor of vision is intimately connected with the construction of gender and sexual difference, and that the traditional privilege of vision acts to perpetuate the privilege of masculinity in modern writing practices. This allegation, captured in the thesis that masculinity 'looks' and femininity is 'looked-at' - that, as John Berger puts it, 'ben act and women appear" - has some degree of currency in contemporary writings an 'sexual difference', but has in itself received little critical attention. Taking the philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre and the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan as 'case studies', I investigate the plausibility of this allegation by means of a detailed analysis of the use of vision and its relation to gender in the respective works of each. This work represents a significant contribution to serious critical work an both Sartre and Lacan, and to the understanding of the relationship between gender and representation. 2 CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 8 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION 9 CHAPTER
    [Show full text]
  • The Presence of the Analyst in Lacanian Treatment Joachim
    The presence of the analyst in Lacanian treatment Joachim Cauwe Stijn Vanheule Mattias Desmet 1 Abstract. Transference implies the actualization of the analyst in the analytic encounter. Lacan developed this through the syntagm “the presence of the analyst”. However, two completely different presences emerge in the course of his seminars with major implications for the way the treatment is directed. Following Lacan’s statement that the transference is constituted by real, symbolic and imaginary dimensions, we will develop how, in terms of Lacan’s early work, the analyst’s presence represents a phenomenon at the crossroads between the world of signifiers and images. For Lacan during the 1960’s and after, the analyst’s presence necessarily involves the Real. This means that it points to the moment symbolization has reached it’s limits. The clinical implications of Lacan’s interpretation of the presence of the analyst that incorporates the Real are manifold and affect psychoanalytic practice with regard to the position and the interventions of the analyst. Specifically, interventions targeted at provoking changes in defenses against experiences of excess or senselessness are discussed and illustrated through case vignettes and a published case. This paper discusses how transference can be considered to be “the navel of the treatment” pointing to the necessity of traumatic material to emerge in relation to the analyst. 2 “It cannot be disputed that controlling the phenomena of transference presents the psychoanalyst with the greatest of difficulties. But it should not be forgotten that it is precisely they that do us the inestimable service of making the patient’s hidden and forgotten erotic impulses immediate and manifest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Representation of the Object As the Other in Modernism/Postmodernism: a Psychoanalytic Perspective  Udc 159.964.2
    FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History Vol. 10, No2, 2011, pp. 173 - 194 THE REPRESENTATION OF THE OBJECT AS THE OTHER IN MODERNISM/POSTMODERNISM: A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE UDC 159.964.2 Slobodanka Vladiv-Glover Monash University, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper deals with the complex relationship of the modern psychoanalytic subject to his object which is both a material embodiment of the subject in representation (art and literature) and a metaphysical form of the subject as absence. The space of the subject in the world of objects is illustrated through an analysis of Surrealist art and poetry and the continuation of the paradigm in postmodern forms of representation, for which Andrei Voznesensky's poem "Oza" serves as an example. Key words: Materiality of the object in Surrealism, desire, Voznesensky's Oza, the represented object as substitution for the Lacanian ‘real" and the Freudian Id, the unrepresentable objet-petit-a, the Self as difference and ‘lost' object. I THE OBJECT IN MODERNISM/POSTMODERNISM From the beginning of the 20th century, the European arts have been focused on the representation of the object, which eclipsed or de-centred the solipsistic subject of 19th century Realism. The 'bizarre,' 'surrealist' object of Andre Breton reveals the 'marvellous'1 in everyday reality. Giorgio de Chirico's cryptic objects in The Evil Genius of a King (1914)2 reverberate with an uncanny presence. Magritte's The Object-Lesson (1947), along with the later film script The Lesson of Objects (1960),3 establishes the principle Received September 12, 2011 1 Compare Haim N.
    [Show full text]
  • C. G. Jung's Encounter with His French Readers
    C. G. JUNG’S ENCOUNTER WITH HIS FRENCH READERS. THE PARIS LECTURE (MAY 1934) FLORENT SERINA PHANÊS • VOLUME 1 • 2018 • PP. 111–137 https://doi.org/10.32724/phanes.2018.Serina C.G. JUNG’S ENCOUNTER WITH HIS FRENCH READERS 112 ABSTRACT This article recounts a little-known episode in C. G. Jung’s life and in the history of analytical psychology: Jung’s visit to Paris in the spring of 1934 at the invitation of the Paris Analytical Psychology Club (named ‘Le Gros Caillou’), a stay marked by a lecture on the ‘hypothesis of the collective unconscious’ held in a private setting and preceded by an evening spent in Daniel Halévy’s literary salon with some readers and critics. KEYWORDS collective unconscious; France; Julien Green; Daniel Halévy; Lucien Lévy-Bruhl; Ernest Seillière. PHANÊS Vol 1 • 2018 FLORENT SERINA 113 ased on published evidence, the question of whether or not Carl Gustav Jung gave a lecture in Paris remains rather confused. The editors of the Collected Works do not mention such an event, while Jung’s recollections as recordedB in Memories, Dreams, Reflections state that he presented ‘The Structure of the unconscious’ as a lecture in Paris in the course of 1916 (Jung/Jaffé [1962]: 297). In fact, contrary to words that were attributed to him, Jung never presented this work as a lecture in the French capital. The assertion that he did is not supported by the Protocols of Memories, Dreams, Reflections, in which Jung makes no mention of it. In addition, France was at war with Germany at that time, and therefore scientific activities and exchanges were relatively limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Sartre, Freud, and Lacan
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Dissertations (2009 -) Projects The Fantastic Structure of Freedom: Sartre, Freud, and Lacan Gregory A. Trotter Marquette University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Trotter, Gregory A., "The Fantastic Structure of Freedom: Sartre, Freud, and Lacan" (2019). Dissertations (2009 -). 892. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/892 THE FANTASTIC STRUCTURE OF FREEDOM: SARTRE, FREUD, AND LACAN by Gregory A. Trotter B.A., M.A. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 2019 Abstract THE FANTASTIC STRUCTURE OF FREEDOM: SARTRE, FREUD, AND LACAN Gregory A. Trotter B.A., M.A. Marquette University, 2019 This dissertation reassesses the complex philosophical relationship between Sartre and psychoanalysis. Most scholarship on this topic focuses on Sartre’s criticisms of the unconscious as anathema both to his conception of the human psyche as devoid of any hidden depths or mental compartments and, correlatively, his account of human freedom. Many philosophers conclude that there is little common ground between Sartrean existentialism and psychoanalytic theory. I argue, on the contrary, that by shifting the emphasis from concerns about the nature of the unconscious to questions about the role of imagination in psychical life, we can see that Sartre and Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalytic theory develop strikingly similar accounts of human subjectivity. After establishing the historical background of Sartre’s career-long engagement with psychoanalysis, I demonstrate the proximity of Sartre and Lacan on the nature of unconscious thought.
    [Show full text]