DOCSLIB.ORG

Cost-Effectively Responding to Forecastable and Unforecastable Food Aid Needs: a Supply Chain Demonstration Model

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cost-Effectively Responding to Forecastable and Unforecastable Food Aid Needs: a Supply Chain Demonstration Model Cost-Effectively Responding to Forecastable and Unforecastable Food Aid Needs: A Supply Chain Demonstration Model A Report from the Food Aid Quality Review Prepared by: Ozlem Ergun Stephen Vosti Keziban Rukiye Tasci Weijia Jing Beatrice Rogers Patrick Webb January 2021 COST-EFFECTIVELY RESPONDING TO FORECASTABLE AND JANUARY 2021 UNFORECASTABLE FOOD AID NEEDS This report was made possible by the Recommended Citation generous support of the American people Ergun, Ozlem; Vosti, Stephen; Tasci, Keziban through the support of the United States Rukiye; Jing, Weijia; Rogers, Beatrice; Webb, Agency for International Development’s Patrick. 2021. Cost-Effectively Responding to Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance Forecastable and Unforecastable Food Aid (USAID/BHA) and the legacy Office of Food Needs: A Supply Chain Demonstration Model. A for Peace (FFP) under the terms of Contract Report from the Food Aid Quality Review. No. AID-OAA-C-16-00020, managed by Tufts Boston, MA: Tufts University. University. This document may be reproduced without The contents are the responsibility of Tufts written permission by including a full citation University and its partners in the Food Aid of the source. Quality Review (FAQR) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the For correspondence, contact: United States Government. Patrick Webb The authors have no conflict of interest to Friedman School of Nutrition Science and declare. Policy Tufts University January 2021 150 Harrison Avenue Boston, MA 02111 [email protected] 2 COST-EFFECTIVELY RESPONDING TO FORECASTABLE AND JANUARY 2021 UNFORECASTABLE FOOD AID NEEDS ACRONYMS BHA Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance CSB+ Corn-Soy Blend Plus DM Demonstration Model DP Distribution Point EDP Extended Delivery Point FAQR Food Aid Quality Review FDP Final Delivery Point FFP The Office of Food for Peace HSC Humanitarian Supply Chain MS Management Science MT Metric Ton OR Operations Research PTH Planning Time Horizon SGM Sorghum Bulk UN United Nations USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar USDA United States Department of Agriculture WFP World Food Programme WH Warehouse YSP Yellow Split Peas 3 COST-EFFECTIVELY RESPONDING TO FORECASTABLE AND JANUARY 2021 UNFORECASTABLE FOOD AID NEEDS TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Key Issues Faced by USAID .................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Key Issues Addressed by the Demonstration Model ........................................................................... 8 1.3. The Content of this Report .................................................................................................................. 10 2. The Underlying Data and Overall Structure of the Demonstration Model ....................................................... 10 2.1. The Data Underlying the Demonstration Model ................................................................................ 11 2.2. Forecastable Demand for Food Aid .................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Adding Unforecastable Demand for Food Aid .................................................................................... 14 3. Forecastable Demand: Key Results from Selected Model Simulations ............................................................... 19 3.1. Increasing the Institutional Visibility of Forecastable Demand .......................................................... 19 3.2. The Impacts on Total Supply Chain Costs of the Cargo Preference Act of 1954 .......................... 23 3.3. The Impacts on Costs of Expanding the Port Network in the Horn of Africa ................................ 24 4. Forecastable and Unforecastable Demand: Key Results from Selected Model Simulations ............................. 25 4.1. Economically Optimal Locations of USAID Warehouses .................................................................. 25 4.2. Responding to Very Large Changes in Unforecastable Demand ....................................................... 28 4.3. Responding to Disruptions in the fFod Aid Supply Chain ................................................................. 29 5. Conclusions and their Implications for Programming .......................................................................................... 30 5.1. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 30 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................... 33 ANNEX 1: DATA PREPARATION ........................................................................................................................... 36 1.1. Ethiopia Study ........................................................................................................................................ 36 1.2. Warehouse Study .................................................................................................................................. 44 ANNEX 2: MATHEMATICAL MODELS ................................................................................................................... 65 2.1. Ethiopia Study ........................................................................................................................................ 65 2.2. Warehouse Study .................................................................................................................................. 71 ANNEX 3: SOLUTION METHODOLOGIES ........................................................................................................... 80 3.1. Ethiopia Study Methodolody ................................................................................................................. 80 3.2. Warehouse Study with Unforcastable Demand Methodology .......................................................... 82 3.3. Software and Solver .............................................................................................................................. 83 3.4. Technical Overview of DM for Warehouse Study ............................................................................. 83 4 COST-EFFECTIVELY RESPONDING TO FORECASTABLE AND JANUARY 2021 UNFORECASTABLE FOOD AID NEEDS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Millions of tons of food aid are distributed each year by the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) and the legacy Office of Food for Peace (FFP). Yet, needs always exceed the food aid resources available to meet them. Efficiency gains in existing supply chains offer potential for closing this gap. On-time delivery of food aid matters greatly, and there are trade-offs between supply chain efficiency and on-time delivery that decision-makers must be aware of and consider when making procurement, prepositioning, and shipping decisions. We co-developed, with USAID and other partners, a supply chain optimization demonstration model (DM) to assess the range of potential efficiency and effectiveness gains associated with alternative investments in and management of the food aid supply chain. The DM addresses, separately and jointly, forecastable (largely predictable) demand and unforecastable sudden-onset demand. The DM estimates the costs of alternative policy choices in responding to demand, as well as implications for on-time delivery of food aid products. The DM is built upon data obtained from USAID and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) on food aid procurement, shipping, and warehousing over the 2011-2016 period. While some of the site-specific circumstances (e.g., warehouse costs) and commodity-specific characteristics (e.g., levels and seasonal variations of commodity prices) may have changed since 2016, the basic structure of the food aid supply chain has not changed substantially since then, nor have underlying factors and interactions among them that influence the efficiency and timeliness of supply chain operations. Therefore, we believe that the patterns of results and insights reported below are representative of what one would expect today, and useful for exploring future investments in the supply chain and changes in its management. Needless to say, a concerted effort should be made to connect the current data streams that underlie the model to future data series; doing so would make it useful for informing operations and ongoing discussions regarding strategic investments. The following core messages emerged from the DM model simulations based on the 2011-2016 data. USAID Policies and Practices for Managing On-going Food Aid Demand – The DM was used to estimate cost reductions and improved on-time food aid deliveries
Load more

Recommended publications
  • City Supplement to ODOT
    SUPPLEMENT TO STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS Dated January 1, 2016 Copies of the City of Cincinnati Supplement to the State of Ohio Department of Transportation, Construction and Material Specifications may be purchased by contacting: Right-of-Way Management Section City of Cincinnati 801 Plum Street, City Hall–Room 425 Cincinnati OH 45202 (513) 352-3463 Or found on the City’s website at: www.cincinnati-oh.gov/dote CITY SUPPLEMENT TO 2016 OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS Foreward The City Administration, in an attempt to promote uniform construction practices throughout the area, has adopted the State of Ohio, Department of Transportation, Construction and Material Specifications for control of its construction program. The City wrote this Supplement to amend the State Specifications dated January 1, 2016. The Supplement permits adaptation of City operation and control and also includes construction items needed by the City but not included by the State. Approved: August 1, 2016 Donald G. Gindling, P.E. Date: City Engineer City of Cincinnati TABLE OF CONTENTS 100 General Provisions ............................................................................................ 1 101 Definitions and Terms .................................................................................. 1 102 Bidding Requirements and Conditions ........................................................ 3 103 Award and Execution of Contract ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Specifications for Public Improvement Projects
    TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Revised March 2021 City of Olathe Revised March 2021 TOC-i TABLE OF CONTENTS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Page SECTION GP - GENERAL PROVISIONS GP01 DEFINITIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-1 GP02 REFERENCED STANDARDS -------------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-1 GP03 PERMIT FOR CONSTRUCTION ---------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-2 GP04 BONDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TS/GP-3 GP05 INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS ---------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-3 GP06 SHOP DRAWINGS AND ENGINEERING DATA --------------------------------- TS/GP-5 GP07 CHANGES IN THE WORK ---------------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-8 GP08 DAMAGES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-8 GP09 PROTESTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-8 GP10 TRAFFIC CONTROL ------------------------------------------------------------------ TS/GP-8 GP11 SAFETY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ TS/GP-9 GP12 AUTHORITY OF THE ENGINEER -------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-9 GP13 OBSERVATION OF THE WORK --------------------------------------------------- TS/GP-10 GP14 HOURS OF WORK, WEEKEND OR HOLIDAY WORK -------------------------- TS/GP-12 GP15 CLEAN UP -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • City of Sparks Traffic Signal Equipment
    CITY OF SPARKS TRAFFIC SIGNAL EQUIPMENT The City of Sparks traffic signal equipment shall be installed in accordance with national standards and codes including, but not limited to, the most current edition of The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the National Electrical Code (NEC), etc. In addition, the following standards shall, to the best possible ability of the contractor, be met. Any conflicts between the national standards and codes and the City standards shall be resolved by contacting the City Transportation Manager for a ruling. Safety Lighting Shall be LED only and placed such that it provides a minimum of 2.0 FC of average illuminance at the sidewalk. All LED style lighting fixtures shall meet the following minimum criteria regardless of manufacturer: 1. The housing shall be all metal with the exception of the lens. 2. The housing shall be silver in color except where heat dissipation components are involved. 3. There shall be a minimum 10 year warranty. 4. The unit shall provide a Type IV Medium optical spread utilizing a minimum of 80 LED units. 5. Each complete and assembled fixture shall require no more than 190 System Watts. 6. The fixture shall be capable of utilizing Universal 120-277V Line Power. 7. The fixture shall have Corrected Color Temperature (CCT) of 4000K. 8. The fixture shall not exceed 700 mA Drive Current. 9. The fixture shall be Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) LM-79-08 compliant. 10. The unit shall be constructed in such a manner that it can be mounted to a standard 2” ID horizontal pipe with +/- 5 degree adjustment with no specially constructed mounts or wire splicing methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice to Bidders, Specifications and Proposal
    109 Letting November 6, 2020 Notice to Bidders, Specifications and Proposal Contract No. 61G69 LAKE County Section 16-00142-08-TL Route FAU 2647 (Butterfield Road) Project THHC-943 () District 1 Construction Funds Prepared by F Checked by (Printed by authority of the State of Illinois) NOTICE TO BIDDERS 1. TIME AND PLACE OF OPENING BIDS. Electronic bids are to be submitted to the electronic bidding system (iCX-Integrated Contractors Exchange). All bids must be submitted to the iCX system prior to 12:00 p.m. November 6, 2020 at which time the bids will be publicly opened from the iCX SecureVault. 2. DESCRIPTION OF WORK . The proposed improvement is identified and advertised for bids in the Invitation for Bids as: Contract No. 61G69 LAKE County Section 16-00142-08-TL Project THHC-943 () Route FAU 2647 (Butterfield Road) District 1 Construction Funds Traffic signal replacement and installation of adaptive signal control with flashing yellow arrows on Butterfield Road from IL 137 to Allanson Road. 3. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS . (a) This Notice, the invitation for bids, proposal and letter of award shall, together with all other documents in accordance with Article 101.09 of the Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, become part of the contract. Bidders are cautioned to read and examine carefully all documents, to make all required inspections, and to inquire or seek explanation of the same prior to submission of a bid. (b) State law, and, if the work is to be paid wholly or in part with Federal-aid funds, Federal law requires the bidder to make various certifications as a part of the proposal and contract.
    [Show full text]
  • Dialight LED Pedestrian Signal Specification 10-20-08
    LED Pedestrian Hand / Person / Countdown Modules Specification and Requirements Checklist 16” x 18”, 12” x 12” and 9” x 9” Modules October 20, 2008 Agency Name: Project: Date: 1 Overview 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this specification is to provide the minimum performance requirements for LED pedestrian signal modules (hereafter called module or modules) with “walking person”, “upraised hand”, and “countdown digit” icons. This specification includes the following sizes (nominal message bearing surface): 406mm x 457 mm (16 in x 18 in), 305mm x 305mm (12 in x 12 in), and 229mm x 229mm (9 in x 9 in ). This specification refers to definitions and practices described in Pedestrian Traffic Control Signal Indications (PTCSI) Part 2:Light Emitting Diode (LED) Pedestrian Traffic Signal Modules (PTCSI) Adopted March 19, 2004 and published in the Equipment and Materials Standards of the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) and contains additional requirements to ensure optimum long term reliability and performance. 1.2 Manufacturers Requirements and Approvals 1.2.1 Manufacturers supplying products to this specification must be a registered participant and have the base part numbers being provided listed on the Intertek-ETL LED Traffic Signal Modules Certification Program approved products website. Countdown Only Modules do not require having the part number listed on the program website. 1.2.2 All LED Pedestrian Signal Modules shall be produced in a NAFTA participating country. 1.2.3 All 12 x 12 and 16 x 18 products shall be CSA approved. 1 2 Physical & Mechanical Requirements 2.1 General 2.1.1 Usage: Modules shall fit into pedestrian signal housings manufactured in accordance with the ITE PTCSI Standard without modification to the housing.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 900 – Materials Details
    901.01 SECTION 900 – MATERIALS DETAILS SECTION 901 – PCC MATERIALS 901.01 Hydraulic Cement (a) General At the time cement is incorporated into the work, it shall meet the quality requirements of these specifications. Cement which has been in storage may be tested prior to use, and if tests show 10 that it does not meet the requirements specified, it will be rejected. A means for storing and protecting the cement against dampness shall be provided. Cement which has become partially set or which contains lumps or caked cement will be rejected. Cement salvaged from discarded or used sacks shall not be used. Different kinds or brands of cement, or cement of the same brand from different mills, even if tested and approved, shall not be mixed during use unless permitted, and then only as directed. They shall not be used alternately in any 1 pour for any 20 structure, unless otherwise permitted. (b) Portland Cement Portland cement shall conform to the requirements of the following cited specifications except as noted. 1. Requirements Cement Specifications 30 Air-Entraining Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement ................................................. AASHTO M 240, Type ISA Air-Entraining Portland Cement ................. AASHTO M 85, Type IA or IIIA Air-Entraining Portland-Pozzolan Cement ....................................................... AASHTO M 240, Type IP-A Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement .................... AASHTO M 240, Type IS Portland Cement ......................................... AASHTO M 85, Type I, II, or III Portland-Pozzolan Cement ................................... AASHTO M 240, Type IP Slag Modified Portland Cement, Type ISM ........................ AASHTO M 240 40 The exceptions to AASHTO M 240 are as follows: a. The amount of pozzolan shall be limited to 20% ± 5% by weight of the portland-pozzolan cement for the types IP and IP-A.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice to Bidders, Specifications and Proposal
    113 Letting January 18, 2019 Notice to Bidders, Specifications and Proposal Contract No. 61F13 KANE County Section 16-00477-00-SP Route FAP 360 (Kirk Road) Project ZXJZ-629 () District 1 Construction Funds Prepared by F Checked by (Printed by authority of the State of Illinois) NOTICE TO BIDDERS 1. TIME AND PLACE OF OPENING BIDS. Electronic bids are to be submitted to the electronic bidding system (iCX-Integrated Contractors Exchange). All bids must be submitted to the iCX system prior to 10:00 a.m. January 18, 2019 at which time the bids will be publicly opened from the iCX SecureVault. 2. DESCRIPTION OF WORK . The proposed improvement is identified and advertised for bids in the Invitation for Bids as: Contract No. 61F13 KANE County Section 16-00477-00-SP Project ZXJZ-629 () Route FAP 360 (Kirk Road) District 1 Construction Funds High friction surface treatment, signing, pavement markings, rumble strips and traffic signal upgrades on Kisk Road from IL 56 to Cherry Lane. 3. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS . (a) This Notice, the invitation for bids, proposal and letter of award shall, together with all other documents in accordance with Article 101.09 of the Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, become part of the contract. Bidders are cautioned to read and examine carefully all documents, to make all required inspections, and to inquire or seek explanation of the same prior to submission of a bid. (b) State law, and, if the work is to be paid wholly or in part with Federal-aid funds, Federal law requires the bidder to make various certifications as a part of the proposal and contract.
    [Show full text]
  • STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS City of Joplin
    STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS City of Joplin ________________________________________ Nicholas A. Heatherly PE, CFM Director of Public Works (Changes noted in red effective as of September 2, 2015) (Changes noted in blue effective as of October 13, 2015) (Changes noted in green effective as of November 30,2015) (Changes noted in purple effective as of January 19, 2016) (Changes noted in orange effective as of May 31, 2016)) TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 0000 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROVISIONS SECTION 0100 DEFINITION OF TERMS SECTION 0200 PROPOSAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS SECTION 0300 AWARD AND EXECUTION OF CONTRACT SECTION 0400 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 0500 INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS DIVISION 1000 EARTHWORK SECTION 1100 CLEARING GRUBBING AND DEMOLITION SECTION 1200 GRADING AND SITE PREPERATION SECTION 1300 SUBGRADE PREPARATION AGGREGATE SECTION 1400 UNTREATED COMPACTED SECTION 1500 CEMENT STABILIZED AGGREGATE BASE SECTION 1600 TUNNELING SECTION 1700 TRENCHING DIVISION 2000 ASPHALT WORK AND INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION SECTION 2100 ASPHALT PRIMING & TACK SECTION 2200 ASPHALT SURFACE AND BASE SECTION 2300 INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION DIVISION 3000 CONCRETE WORK SECTION 3100 PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE SECTION 3200 CONCRETE CURB & GUTTER SECTION 3300 CONCRETE SIDEWALK & ADA RAMPS DIVISION 4000 SEWER SECTION 4100 SANITARY SEWER MAIN SECTION 4200 STORM SEWER PIPE SECTION 4300 CONCRETE MANHOLES SECTION 4400 STORM SEWER INLETS & JUNCTION STRUCTURES SECTION 4500 LIFT STATION FACILITIES DIVISION 5000 SEEDING, SODDING AND MULCHING SECTION 5100 SEEDING SECTION 5200 SODDING DIVISION 7000 STREETLIGHTS DIVISION 9000 TRAFFIC SIGNALS DIVISION 12000 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CRITERIA SECTION 0100 - DEFINITION OF TERMS DEFINITION OF TERMS: Whenever the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in the general requirements and provisions, plans, specifications, proposal and bond, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: 0100.1 CITY: The City of Joplin, Missouri, a municipal corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Force Blue (Raf) {\Color{Airforceblueraf}\#5D8aa8
    Air Force Blue (Raf) {\color{airforceblueraf}\#5d8aa8} #5d8aa8 Air Force Blue (Usaf) {\color{airforceblueusaf}\#00308f} #00308f Air Superiority Blue {\color{airsuperiorityblue}\#72a0c1} #72a0c1 Alabama Crimson {\color{alabamacrimson}\#a32638} #a32638 Alice Blue {\color{aliceblue}\#f0f8ff} #f0f8ff Alizarin Crimson {\color{alizarincrimson}\#e32636} #e32636 Alloy Orange {\color{alloyorange}\#c46210} #c46210 Almond {\color{almond}\#efdecd} #efdecd Amaranth {\color{amaranth}\#e52b50} #e52b50 Amber {\color{amber}\#ffbf00} #ffbf00 Amber (Sae/Ece) {\color{ambersaeece}\#ff7e00} #ff7e00 American Rose {\color{americanrose}\#ff033e} #ff033e Amethyst {\color{amethyst}\#9966cc} #9966cc Android Green {\color{androidgreen}\#a4c639} #a4c639 Anti-Flash White {\color{antiflashwhite}\#f2f3f4} #f2f3f4 Antique Brass {\color{antiquebrass}\#cd9575} #cd9575 Antique Fuchsia {\color{antiquefuchsia}\#915c83} #915c83 Antique Ruby {\color{antiqueruby}\#841b2d} #841b2d Antique White {\color{antiquewhite}\#faebd7} #faebd7 Ao (English) {\color{aoenglish}\#008000} #008000 Apple Green {\color{applegreen}\#8db600} #8db600 Apricot {\color{apricot}\#fbceb1} #fbceb1 Aqua {\color{aqua}\#00ffff} #00ffff Aquamarine {\color{aquamarine}\#7fffd4} #7fffd4 Army Green {\color{armygreen}\#4b5320} #4b5320 Arsenic {\color{arsenic}\#3b444b} #3b444b Arylide Yellow {\color{arylideyellow}\#e9d66b} #e9d66b Ash Grey {\color{ashgrey}\#b2beb5} #b2beb5 Asparagus {\color{asparagus}\#87a96b} #87a96b Atomic Tangerine {\color{atomictangerine}\#ff9966} #ff9966 Auburn {\color{auburn}\#a52a2a} #a52a2a Aureolin
    [Show full text]
  • Swatch Name HLS RGB HEX Absolute Zero 217° 36% 100% 0 72
    Swatch Name HLS RGB HEX Absolute Zero 217° 36% 100% 0 72 186 #0048BA Acid green 65° 43% 76% 176 191 26 #B0BF1A Aero 206° 70% 70% 124 185 232 #7CB9E8 Aero blue 151° 89% 100% 201 255 229 #C9FFE5 African violet 288° 63% 31% 178 132 190 #B284BE Air superiority blue 205° 60% 39% 114 160 193 #72A0C1 Alabaster 46° 90% 27% 237 234 224 #EDEAE0 Alice blue 208° 97% 100% 240 248 255 #F0F8FF Alloy orange 27° 42% 85% 196 98 16 #C46210 Almond 30° 87% 52% 239 222 205 #EFDECD Amaranth 348° 53% 78% 229 43 80 #E52B50 Amaranth (M&P) 328° 40% 57% 159 43 104 #9F2B68 Amaranth pink 338° 78% 75% 241 156 187 #F19CBB Amaranth purple 342° 41% 63% 171 39 79 #AB274F Amaranth red 356° 48% 73% 211 33 45 #D3212D Amazon 147° 35% 35% 59 122 87 #3B7A57 Amber 45° 50% 100% 255 191 0 #FFBF00 Amber (SAE/ECE) 30° 50% 100% 255 126 0 #FF7E00 Amethyst 270° 60% 50% 153 102 204 #9966CC Android green 74° 50% 55% 164 198 57 #A4C639 Antique brass 22° 63% 47% 205 149 117 #CD9575 Antique bronze 52° 26% 55% 102 93 30 #665D1E Antique fuchsia 316° 46% 22% 145 92 131 #915C83 Antique ruby 350° 31% 66% 132 27 45 #841B2D Antique white 34° 91% 78% 250 235 215 #FAEBD7 Ao (English) 120° 25% 100% 0 128 0 #008000 Apple green 74° 36% 100% 141 182 0 #8DB600 Apricot 24° 84% 90% 251 206 177 #FBCEB1 Aqua 180° 50% 100% 0 255 255 #00FFFF Aquamarine 160° 75% 100% 127 255 212 #7FFFD4 Swatch Name HLS RGB HEX Arctic lime 72° 54% 100% 208 255 20 #D0FF14 Army green 69° 23% 44% 75 83 32 #4B5320 Artichoke 76° 53% 13% 143 151 121 #8F9779 Arylide yellow 51° 67% 74% 233 214 107 #E9D66B Ash gray 135° 72% 8% 178 190
    [Show full text]
  • The Named Colors List Contains Over 1.500 Color Names with HEX and RGB Values, from "Absolute Zero" to "Zomp"
    The Named Colors list contains over 1.500 color names with HEX and RGB values, from "Absolute Zero" to "Zomp". Color Preview Color Name Hex RGB Absolute Zero 0048BA 0, 72, 186 Acid green B0BF1A 176, 191, 26 Aero 7CB9E8 124, 185, 232 Aero blue C9FFE5 201, 255, 229 African violet B284BE 178, 132, 190 Air superiority blue 72A0C1 114, 160, 193 Alabama crimson AF002A 175, 0, 42 Alabaster F2F0E6 242, 240, 230 Aliceblue F0F8FF 240, 248, 255 Alloy orange C46210 196, 98, 16 Almond EFDECD 239, 222, 205 Aloeswood brown (Tonocha) 5A6457 90, 100, 87 Aloewood-color (Kyara-iro) 6A432D 106, 67, 45 Amaranth E52B50 229, 43, 80 Amaranth deep purple 9F2B68 159, 43, 104 Amaranth pink F19CBB 241, 156, 187 Amaranth purple AB274F 171, 39, 79 Amaranth red D3212D 211, 33, 45 Amazon 3B7A57 59, 122, 87 Amber FFBF00 255, 191, 0 Amber (Kohaku-iro) CA6924 202, 105, 36 Amber (SAE/ECE) FF7E00 255, 126, 0 Amethyst 9966CC 153, 102, 204 Amur cork tree (Kihada) F3C13A 243, 193, 58 Anti-flash white F2F3F4 242, 243, 244 Antique brass CD9575 205, 149, 117 Antique bronze 665D1E 102, 93, 30 Antique fuchsia 915C83 145, 92, 131 Color Preview ACnotlioqru eN arumbey H8e4x1B2D R1G32B, 27, 45 Antiquewhite FAEBD7 250, 235, 215 Apple 66B447 102, 180, 71 Apple green 8DB600 141, 182, 0 Apricot FBCEB1 251, 206, 177 Aqua 00FFFF 0, 255, 255 Aqua Blue color (Mizu-iro) 86ABA5 134, 171, 165 Aquamarine 7FFFD4 127, 255, 212 Arctic lime D0FF14 208, 255, 20 Army green 4B5320 75, 83, 32 Artichoke 8F9779 143, 151, 121 Arylide yellow E9D66B 233, 214, 107 Ash gray B2BEB5 178, 190, 181 Asparagus 87A96B
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Rs,I Iusi :J, <
    ."',,';.:": +, ,' 1:--:•;: :: �1��rs,i�iusi�:J, <.. ,:_:.�· ?<,:·: ,:·J:, ·:\ .,-;:· '.miE�E'lii.C[Bts,1:�rj:�tt CONTENTS Page Citation, Interpretation and General Regulations 350B257-350B268 First Schedule-Boundary Description 350B269-350B272 Second Schedule-Use Classes Order 350B272-350B275 Class I-Shops 350B272-350B273 Class 2- Financial and Professional Services 350B273 Class 3-Restaurants And Cafes 350B273 Class 4-Drinking Establishments 350B273 Class 5-Hot Food Takeaways 350B273 Class 6-Business 350B273 Class 7-General Industry 350B274 Class 8-Storage Or Distribution 350B274 Class 9-Hotels 350B274 Class IO - Residential Institutions 350B274 Class I I -Secure Residential Institution 350B274 Class I2-Dwelling House 350B274 Class 13-Non-residential Institutions 350B274-350B275 Class I4�Assembly And Leisure 350B275 Third Schedule-Permitted Development 350B276 Pllrt I-Development within the curtilage of a Dwelling House 350B276-350B281 Part 2-Minor Operations 350B282-3 50B283 Part 3-Development By Local Authorities 350B283 Part 4-Temporary Buildings and Uses 350B284-350B285 Part 5-Agricultural Buildings and Operations 350B285-350B297 Part 6-Forestry Buildings and Operations 350B297-350B361 Part 7-Repairs to Unadopted Streets and Private Ways 350B361 Part 8-Repairs to Services 350B361 Part 9-Aviation Development 350B361-350B366 Part I0-Telecommunications Operations 350B367 Fomih Schedule-Notification Forms 350B368-350B369 Form A 350B368 Form B 350B368-350B369 FormC 350B369 31 Fifth Schedule-Statements 350B 0 3 Section 1-The Planning Framework
    [Show full text]