DOCSLIB.ORG

Cadernos De Política Exterior Ano VI • Número 9 • 2020 MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cadernos De Política Exterior Ano VI • Número 9 • 2020 MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES cadernos de Política Exterior ano VI • número 9 • 2020 MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO INSTITUTO DE PESQUISA DE RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS A Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão (FUNAG), instituída em 1971, é uma fundação pública vinculada ao Minis- tério das Relações Exteriores que tem por finalidade a realização de atividades culturais e pedagógicas no âmbito das relações internacionais. Sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira. O Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais (IPRI), fundado em 1987 como órgão da FUNAG, tem por finalidade desenvolver e divulgar estudos e pesquisas sobre temas atinentes às relações internacionais, promover a coleta e a sistematização de documentos relativos a seu campo de atuação, fomentar o intercâmbio com ins- tituições congêneres nacionais e estrangeiras, realizar cursos, conferências, seminários e congressos na área de relações internacionais. Expediente: Coordenação editorial: Roberto Goidanich Augusto César Batista de Castro Capa Denivon Cordeiro de Carvalho Diagramação Varnei Rodrigues – Propagare Comercial Ltda. Revisão Roberto Goidanich Bárbara Terezinha Nascimento Cunha Kamilla Sousa Coelho Higor Francisco Gomes Os artigos que compõem este periódico são de responsabilidade dos autores e não refletem necessariamente a posição oficial do governo brasileiro. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Cadernos de Política Exterior / Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais. – v. 6, n. 9 (ago. 2020). – [Brasília, DF]: FUNAG, 2015-. ISSN 2359-5280 1. Política externa – Brasil. 2. Relações internacionais – Brasil. I. Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais (IPRI). CDU 327(81) (051) Depósito legal na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional conforme a Lei nº 10.994, de 14/12/2004 Sumário O Acordo de Salvaguardas Tecnológicas Brasil-Estados Alessandro Candeas 5 Unidos e o Centro Espacial de Benhur Peruch Viana Alcântara O descumprimento das resoluções do Conselho de Segurança da ONU: a Felipe Ferreira Marques 29 tênue fronteira entre o Philippe Carvalho Raposo direito brasileiro e o direito internacional Um lado desconhecido da inserção internacional do Brasil: a presença empresarial Felipe Haddock Lobo Goulart 45 brasileira no mundo árabe e em Israel O dilema moral supremo Gabriel Mithá Ribeiro 93 Os mecanismos de repressão e controle cubanos na Venezuela Lucas Souto Ribeiro 101 Notas sobre as negociações orçamentárias das Nações Luiz Feldman 141 Unidas Marcos da transformação das Forças Armadas da Venezuela: de forças armadas María Teresa Belandria Expósito 185 profissionais a forças armadas revolucionárias Transferência internacional de tecnologia: origens, conceitos e Pedro Ivo Ferraz da Silva 229 práticas A Índia no século XXI: desafios de uma potência em ascensão Pedro Mariano Martins Pontes 265 O Acordo de Salvaguardas Tecnológicas Brasil-Estados Unidos e o Centro Espacial de Alcântara Alessandro Candeas* Benhur Peruch Viana** RESUMO Este artigo analisa o Acordo sobre Salvaguardas Tecnológicas (AST) Brasil-Estados Unidos, assinado em 18/03/2019, em Washington, tendo por objetivos: ressaltar o amplo apoio político-parlamentar verificado por sua aprovação em tempo recorde pelo Congresso Nacional; destacar a relevância política, tecnológica e econômica do AST; discorrer brevemente sobre o histórico do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA) e do Programa Espacial Brasileiro; comentar sobre o impasse na tramitação do AST anterior, de 2000; sublinhar o sucesso do processo negociador do AST 2019; e, por fim, apresentar uma síntese de seu conteúdo. Palavras-chave: Acordo sobre Salvaguardas Tecnológicas, Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara, Programa Espacial Brasileiro, relações Brasil- Estados Unidos. O Acordo entre o governo da República Federativa do Brasil e o governo dos Estados Unidos da América sobre Salvaguardas Tecnológicas (AST) relacionadas à participação estadunidense em lançamentos a partir do Centro Espacial de Alcântara (CEA) foi assinado em 18 de março de 2019, em Washington, por ocasião da visita do presidente da República, Jair Bolsonaro1. Assim como instrumentos semelhantes firmados entre os EUA * Embaixador, diretor do Departamento de Defesa do Ministério das Relações Exteriores. ** Conselheiro, chefe da Divisão do Mar, da Antártida e do Espaço (DMAE) do Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Os autores agradecem a colaboração do conselheiro Rodrigo Almeida, ex- chefe da DMAE. 1 Firmaram o AST, pelo lado brasileiro, os ministros das Relações Exteriores, embaixador Ernesto Araújo; da Defesa, general Fernando Azevedo; e da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e 5 ano VI • número 9 • 2020 e países como China, Índia, Nova Zelândia, Rússia e Ucrânia, o objetivo do AST é proteger a propriedade intelectual e a tecnologia embutidas em lançamentos de foguetes e satélites. Os objetivos deste artigo são ressaltar o amplo apoio político-parlamentar em torno do AST, comprovado por sua aprovação em tempo recorde pelo Congresso Nacional; destacar a relevância política, tecnológica e econômica do AST; discorrer brevemente sobre o histórico do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA) e do Programa Espacial Brasileiro; comentar sobre o impasse na tramitação do AST anterior, de 2000; sublinhar o sucesso do processo negociador do AST 2019; e, por fim, apresentar uma síntese de seu conteúdo. O APOIO PARLAMENTAR E A CÉLERE TRAMITAÇÃO O AST foi aprovado em tempo recorde pelo Congresso Nacional (seis meses), e com ampla maioria de votos, demonstrando o elevado grau de consenso parlamentar e de prioridade conferidos ao uso comercial do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara e ao Programa Espacial Brasileiro. O acordo foi encaminhado à Câmara dos Deputados em 3 de maio de 20192, e finalmente aprovado pelo Plenário do Senado Federal em 12 de novembro de 20193. A Câmara dos Deputados aprovou o AST em apenas cinco meses. Na Comissão de Relações Exteriores e Defesa Nacional da Câmara (CREDN), o tema, relatado pelo deputado Hildo Rocha (MDB/MA) foi objeto de intensos debates em audiências públicas, das quais participaram representantes do Itamaraty, da Aeronáutica e da Agência Espacial Brasileira (AEB). Prevaleceram os argumentos que serão expostos neste artigo, sendo o acordo aprovado na CREDN, em 21 de agosto de 2019, por 21 votos a favor e seis contrários. Como mais uma demonstração da prioridade atribuída ao tema, acordo de líderes partidários elevou a matéria, com pedido de urgência, diretamente ao Plenário da Câmara dos Deputados, sem necessidade de análise adicional pelas Comissões de Ciência e Tecnológica, Comunicação Comunicações, tenente-coronel Marcos Pontes; pelo lado estadunidense, o secretário assistente do Escritório de Segurança Internacional e não Proliferação do Departamento de Estado, Christopher Ford. 2 Mensagem 208/2019, de 03/05/2019, com base na Exposição de Motivos Interministerial (EMI) nº 115/2019. 3 O Decreto Legislativo nº 64, de 20/11/2019, que aprova o AST, foi publicado no Diário Oficial da União (DOU) nº 224, de 20/11/2019. 6 Cadernos de Política Exterior e Informática e de Constituição e Justiça e de Cidadania. O Plenário da Câmara aprovou a tramitação mais célere por 330 votos a 98, em 4 de setembro de 2019, e, em 22 de outubro de 2019, aprovou o texto do AST por 328 votos a favor e 86 contrários. Foi ainda mais célere a aprovação do AST pelo Senado Federal: três semanas. O parecer favorável ao texto, emitido pelo senador Roberto Rocha (PSDB/MA), foi aprovado na Comissão de Relações Exteriores e Defesa Nacional do Senado (CRE) no dia 12 de novembro de 2019, tendo sido encaminhado, em regime de urgência, para a apreciação do Plenário, que o aprovou na mesma data, em votação simbólica. Vale ressaltar, além da amplitude do apoio legislativo, com apoio em seu diversificado espectro partidário e ideológico, o fato de que ambos os relatores, nas comissões da Câmara e do Senado, foram parlamentares oriundos do estado do Maranhão. Como se verá abaixo, é possível afirmar que os poderes Executivo e Legislativo foram coautores do AST 2019. As objeções, reservas e aprimoramentos aportados pelos congressistas brasileiros ao AST 2000, bem como os debates parlamentares que acompanharam o processo reiniciado em 2017 fortaleceram e legitimaram a atuação dos negociadores diplomáticos e militares brasileiros nas tratativas com a contraparte estadunidense. Em outras palavras, a contribuição do Congresso tornou o AST 2019 instrumento mais adequado que o anterior, de 2000, tanto do ponto de vista técnico-científico-militar quanto jurídico-institucional. O novo acordo atende às principais demandas brasileiras, entre as quais a possibilidade de utilização de fundos decorrentes da exploração comercial do Centro Espacial de Alcântara para o desenvolvimento do Programa Espacial Brasileiro. O novo AST impulsiona o programa espacial autônomo do Brasil, inclusive no campo de veículos lançadores. A RELEVÂNCIA POLÍTICA, TECNOLÓGICA E ECONÔMICA DO AST O AST 2019 é versão revisada e aprimorada de texto firmado em 2000 por Brasil e EUA, severamente criticado pelo Congresso Nacional. A tramitação do instrumento anterior enfrentou impasse durante mais de 16 anos, até que, em maio de 2017, o Poder Executivo solicitou sua retirada de pauta com o propósito de negociar um novo AST. As consultas internas 7 ano VI • número 9 • 2020 no governo brasileiro (2016-2017) e o processo negociador com os EUA (2018-2019) foram conduzidos pelo Itamaraty, pelo Ministério da Defesa (MD)/Comando da
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2021 Inter-Regional Dialogue and Stocktaking for Advancing South-South and Triangular Cooperation in the Arab States, Europe and the Cis
    COVID-19 RESPONSE AND RECOVERY: PUBLIC POLICY LEADERSHIP AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS United Nations Oce for South-South Cooperation 2021 INTER-REGIONAL DIALOGUE AND STOCKTAKING FOR ADVANCING SOUTH-SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION IN THE ARAB STATES, EUROPE AND THE CIS 6-8 APRIL 2021 SUMMARY REPORT Organised by the Division for Arab States, Europe and the CIS, United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation Istanbul, Turkey Structure of the Report First and foremost, only salient points have been reflected across the report due to space constraints, though some of which have been intentionally repeated for further considerations and follow-up. Hopefully, this report will also be very informative to other interested stakeholders. Following the Introduction, Section I provides the key takeaways and possible opportunities from each day. It ends with some follow-up commitments from the UNOSSC Division for Arab States, Europe and the CIS. Section II provides a summary of remarks of speakers. Speakers’ understanding is sought for any inadvertent omissions. All received written statements, presentations and transcripts of recordings are in file with the organising team. Annex contains a set of background documents, including the source link to obtain the summary report of the 12th Edition of the High-level Forum of Directors General for Development Cooperation (17-19 March 2021), when it becomes available. This is to complement the discussions on Day 2. 2 Table of Contents Introduction . 4 Section I: Key Takeaways and Possible Opportunities . 6 Day 1 . 6 Day 2 . 9 Day 3 . 11 UNOSSC’s Follow-up Commitments . 13 Section II: Summary of Remarks . .15 Day 1 .
    [Show full text]
  • Multilateralism Reclaim!Ng
    RECLAIM!NG MULTILATERALISM For PeoPle, rights and sustainable develoPment Reclaiming Multilateralism For People Rights and Sustainable Development by Barbara Adams and Gretchen Luchsinger i The responsibility for views and ideas expressed in this publication rests solely with the authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service or any other part of the UN system of the opinions expressed. NGLS publications are published for non-governmental and civil society organizations and others interested in the institutions, policies, and activities of the UN’s agenda, including economic and social development, human rights, environment, peace and security. This publication, and all other NGLS publications, can be found on the NGLS website (www.un-ngls.org). Text from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to NGLS, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. Photo credits: Fotolia UNCTAD/NGLS/2012/1 Sales No. E.12.II.D.8 ISBN: 978-92-1-112849-9 e-ISBN: 978-92-1-055427-5 ©2012 United Nations. All rights reserved. Published in April 2012 by UN Non-Governmental Liaison Service (NGLS) Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Room DC1-1106, United Nations, New York NY 10017, United States ii iii Acknowledgements NGLS gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Government of Catalonia in making this publication possible. The authors would like to thank Karen Judd, Alison Drayton, Gigi Francisco, Roberto Bissio and Hamish Jenkins for their substantive inputs. The authors would also like to acknowledge the work of the Civil Society Reflection Group on Global Development Perspectives and express appreciation for their discussions on many of the core ideas developed in the publication.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Politics of IO Performance
    The Politics of IO Performance: How the Interests of Donors and IO Staff Shape Performance in the Developing World Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Erin R. Graham, B.A. Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Alexander Thompson, Advisor Randall Schweller Craig Volden 1 Copyright by Erin R. Graham 2011 2 Abstract The role of international organizations (IOs) in world politics has evolved from one primarily consumed by facilitating cooperation between states to one that includes providing public goods and services within states. In this latter role, IOs are mandated to build domestic capacity in developing countries. Today‘s IOs train police, scientists, and teachers, build health clinics, administer vaccines, disarm combatants, and design irrigation systems, roads, and constitutions, to name but a few among countless tasks. The persistence of severe economic inequality across states suggests that the IO role in solving domestic incapacity problems is likely to continue despite the fact that the record of IO performance can only be described as mixed. What factors explain IO performance in solving domestic incapacity problems (DIPs)? Previous studies emphasize the importance of conditions on the ground in recipient countries in explaining IO performance. I argue that the IO response to domestic incapacity problems is inhibited not only by factors on the ground but also by the interests and incentives of both IO staff and the member states that serve as the primary financiers of IO activities. I develop a theoretical framework to explain when member state donors and IO staff will put their best foot forward in attempting to solve domestic incapacity problems and draw attention to the importance of the tenuous relationship between IO staff and their wealthiest member states.
    [Show full text]
  • Seminario UN Erich Spencer
    Regional Seminar on Governance and Administration of the Secretariat of the United Nations The Four Nations Initiative (4NI) PROGRAM Friday, May 11 th , 2007 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 180 Teatinos, 17 th Fl. Conference Center Cardenal Samoré 08:45 – 09:15 Registration of participants. 09:15 – 09:30 Opening and introduction by the Director-General of Foreign Policy, Ambassador Carlos Portales. 09:30 – 10:00 Address on the reform process of the United Nations by Ms. Alicia Bárcena, Under-Secretary- General for Management of the United Nations. 10:00 – 11:00 First module: The Four Nations Initiative and its contributions to the reform process of the United Nations. Moderator : Director of Multilateral Policy, Ambassador Eduardo Gálvez Panelists : - Permanent Representative of Chile to the United Nations, Ambassador Heraldo Muñoz - Ambassador of Sweden, Mr. Bengt Säve-Söderbergh - Representative of Thailand, Ms. Karen Lock - Representative of South Africa, Mr. Kosol Satithamajit Comments and questions 11:00 – 13:00 Second module: Presentation of base documents Moderator : Permanent Representative of Chile to the United Nations, Ambassador Heraldo Muñoz Themes : - “Governance, Accountability and Transparency in the United Nations”, presented by Mr. Peters Pedersen, Secretary General of the 4NI. - “Mandate and Roles of the UN”. - “Power, Purse and Numbers. A Diagnostic Study of the UN Budget and Finance Process and Structure”, presented by Professor Francisco Sagasti Coffee break ...continuation of second module: Comments by - Professor Marcela Ríos, Researcher and Head of the Governance Programme, UNDP. - Professor Erich Spencer, Chair of Management and International Business, Universidad de Chile Questions 1/2 13:00 – 15:00 Lunch offered to participants by the Director of Multilateral Policy, Ambassador Eduardo Gálvez, Panoramic Hall, Floor 17 th .
    [Show full text]
  • Reforming Multilateralism in Post-Covid Times
    ited for A NEW MULTILATERALISM EDITED BY MARIO TELÒ REFORMING MULTILATERALISM IN POST-COVID TIMES FOR A MORE REGIONALISED, BINDING AND LEGITIMATE UNITED NATIONS EDITED BY Mario Telò REFORMING MULTILATERALISM IN POST-COVID TIMES IN POST-COVID REFORMING MULTILATERALISM PUBLISHED IN DECEMBER 2020 BY Foundation for European Progressive Studies Avenue des Arts 46 B-1000 Brussels, Belgium +32 2 234 69 00 [email protected] www.feps-europe.eu @FEPS_Europe EDITOR AND PROJECT SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR Mario Telò LEADER OF THE PROJECT Maria João Rodrigues, President, Foundation for European Progressive Studies FEPS COORDINATORS OF THE PROJECT Hedwig Giusto, Susanne Pfeil IAI COORDINATOR OF THE PROJECT Ettore Greco COPYRIGHT © 2020 Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS) PROOFREADING AND COPY EDITING Nicky Robinson GRAPHIC DESIGN Triptyque.be COVER PHOTO Shutterstock PRINTED BY Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA-JR Published with the financial support of the European Parliament. The views expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Parliament. ISBN 978-2-930769-46-2 PROJECT PARTNERS FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STIFTUNG NEW YORK OFFICE 747 Third Avenue, Suite 34D, New York, NY 10017, United States +1 (212) 687-0208 [email protected] https://www.feps-europe.eu @fesnewyork FONDATION JEAN-JAURÈS 12 Cité Malesherbes, 75009 Paris, France +33 (0)1 40 23 24 00 https://jean-jaures.org [email protected] @j_jaures CENTRO STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE (CeSPI) Piazza Venezia 11, 00187 Roma, Italy +39
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Report for What Future Priorities for the United
    Report on Wilton Park Conference 8501 WHAT FUTURE PRIORITIES FOR THE UNITED NATIONS Monday 16 – Thursday 19 July 2007 Summary • reform, or change, in the United Nations (UN) will be incremental. Sectoral reform, for example, would be a useful approach; • the UN should concentrate on areas where it works most effectively and has most impact, for example on climate change; • the inflexibility of the UN's biennial budget needs to be tackled; the erosion in regular budgetary funding in favour of voluntary contributions needs to be halted and appropriate control mechanisms found for the use of supplementary funding; • the mobility of UN personnel, between New York, other headquarters or duty stations and the field needs to be addressed; recruitment, contractual arrangements, retention, training and appraisal of UN personnel require attention; • accountability and oversight within the UN system need to be improved, with individual rather than institutional accountability; delegation of authority needs to be made more explicit; there should be a focus on outcomes and not outputs; • UN 'delivery as one' in-country assistance requires the recipient country to be in the 'driving seat', with one inclusive national development framework and evaluation mechanism; agencies should recognise where comparative advantage lies; • member states should loosen constraints on the UN Secretariat if it is to engage more openly with the public and media; • mistrust, both among member states and between member states and the Secretariat, needs to be addressed by increased informal dialogue. 1 This conference was supported by the Better World Fund of the UN Foundation, Washington DC, the Department for International Development and Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London Wilton Park Conference WP850 “What future priorities for the United Nations” Monday 16 – 19 July 2007 Page 1 of 9 Introduction 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Compact – Proposals for Improved Governance And
    Towards a Compact Towards Towards a Compact Proposals for Improved Governance and Proposals for Improved Governance and Management of the United Nations Secretariat Management of the United Nations Secretariat Report of fi nal proposals by the Four Nations Initiative The Four Nations Initiative (the 4NI) was conceived in 2005 by Chile, South Africa, Sweden and Thailand in an effort to provide new ideas and perspectives on governance and management of the UN Secretariat. The Initiative consisted of a Steering Committee with representatives from all four Member States and a Secretariat based in Stockholm. During 18 months from 2006 to 2007, the Four Nations Initiative went from analysis to consultations and onwards to the formulation of proposals complementing the ongoing Secretariat and management reform processes. The proposals have been identifi ed and refi ned through a transparent process of extensive consultations with Member States, UN Secretariat representatives and other key actors. September 2007 This is the fi nal report by the Four Nations Initiative, presenting 32 specifi c proposals for improved governance and management of the UN Secretariat, as seen from a Member States perspective. For further information about the work of the Four Nations Initiative, visit our website www.the4ni.org Report of fi nal proposals by the Four Nations Initiative September 2007 The Four Nations Initiative Secretariat SE-103 33 Stockholm Sweden e-mail: [email protected] www.the4ni.org September 2007 Published by the Four Nations Initiative Design and layout by Svensk Information AB, Stockholm. www.sinfo.se Printed by Edita, Västerås. Materials in the publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested together with a reference to the document.
    [Show full text]
  • Power, Purse and Numbers
    Power, Purse and Numbers: A Diagnostic Study of the UN Budget and Finance Process and Structure Francisco Sagasti Ursula Casabonne Fernando Prada FORO Nacional/Internacional – Agenda: PERU Final Report Lima, January 2007 Power, Purse and Numbers: A Diagnostic Study of the UN Budget and Finance Process and Structure Francisco Sagasti, Ursula Casabonne and Fernando Prada TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................i Introduction ...........................................................................................................................i Background............................................................................................................................i Areas of concern ................................................................................................................. iii An approach to change..........................................................................................................v 1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................1 2. Evolution of the UN Secretariat budget and finances........................................................2 2.1. Initial arrangements for financing the UN Secretariat ..................................................2 2.2. Major highlights of the evolution of budgetary and financial rules and practices until the mid 1990s. ......................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • 5Th Draft , 10 June
    End of Assignment Report Inga-Britt Ahlenius Under-Secretary-General for Oversight Services After seven years with the United Nations, of which I served five as the Under-Secretary- General for Internal Oversight Services (USG/OIOS), I now leave the United Nations, proud of the opportunity given to me to serve this precious Organization in important positions. Being Swedish adds to that feeling of pride. Dag Hammarskjöld saw working in the United Nations – whether as its Secretary-General or as a common staff member - as serving the world community, which is a privilege. I have great appreciation for the dedicated and professional staff of OIOS. I leave with the rewards of having worked with talented people from all over the world. To the very last day I have looked around me in a conference room and noted with wonder the diversity at the United Nations: for example, that in the room we were fifteen people from twelve different countries. What a privilege! In OIOS alone, we are some 70 different nationalities. I am proud to report to you the achievements by OIOS during the last five years, bringing the OIOS to be “a world class oversight body respected and trusted by stakeholders” in accordance with OIOS agreed Vision Statement. The visible sign of our commitment to quality in our work is the manuals for the three disciplines - audit, evaluation, investigation - published on our website in the interest of transparency. The publication also serves the purpose of making known to everybody our commitments to process and quality in our work. Please find attached a separate more detailed report on our achievements and a list of the different documents that we have submitted to you to advise you in accordance with OIOS mandate.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Nations Initiative on Governance and Management
    I CENTER FOR UN REFORM EDUCATION Interview No. 12 32 Specific Proposals to Make the UN Function Better by Lydia Swart 14 November 2007 An interview with Ambassador Bengt Säve-Söderbergh on the recently issued report from the Four Nations Initiative on Governance and Management For quite some time, Ambassador Bengt Säve-Söderbergh – an experienced ‘old hand’ in the Swedish Foreign Ministry – had felt there was a need for reform proposals on UN governance and management to be formulated by Member States rather than by the Secretariat or outside experts. In 2005, this idea gained momentum, and in order to make it a representative effort, Sweden convinced three countries, one each from different regions, to join the initiative. Chile, South Africa, Sweden and Thailand share basic ideas about the functioning of the UN, Ambassador Säve-Söderbergh explained, and furthermore enjoy a good record among Member States. In September 2007, the report of the four nations, Towards a Compact – Proposals for Improved Governance and Management of the United Nations Secretariat, was presented to the membership at the United Nations. Although divisions between the North and the South often cause negotiations to get stuck, Ambassador Säve-Söderbergh cautioned against lumping Member States together in this way. After all, he said, many positions of the US – especially under former Ambassador John Bolton – differ significantly from those of the EU. Thanks to transparency and inclusiveness, he felt, the usual mistrust was overcome in formulating the 32 proposals in the report. The Four Nations Initiative has been taken seriously by all Member States and he hoped that it has contributed to the improved climate among the UN’s membership.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa's Voting Behaviour in the United Nations, 1994-2008
    SOUTH AFRICA’S VOTING BEHAVIOUR IN THE UNITED NATIONS, 1994-2008. by SUZANNE ELIZABETH GRAHAM THESIS Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in POLITICS at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: PROF DJ GELDENHUYS JANUARY 2013 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis submitted for the D Litt et Phil degree in Politics to the University of Johannesburg, apart from the help recognised, is my own work and has not been formerly submitted to another university for a degree. Suzanne Elizabeth Graham January 2013 ii SUMMARY This study places on record South Africa‟s UN voting data from 1994 to 2008. It also investigates consistency in terms of South Africa‟s declared foreign policy and its actual voting practices at the UN during that period. The voting data and related speeches are drawn from the UN‟s Index to Speeches available through the UN Documentation Centre as well as from an examination of the recorded votes in the UN Index to Proceedings and the United Nations Bibliographic Information System (UNBISnet) – the two main databases concerning voting records in the UN and found in the Dag Hammarskjold online library. Using its own three-step model of voting behaviour, the study traces South Africa‟s declared foreign policy on selected issues in the first step; the Republic‟s voting actions on the issues in the second step, and then interpretations of the voting actions taken in the final step. By organising the voting data in this way, the study intends to make the examination of South Africa‟s voting behaviour within this multilateral forum more manageable.
    [Show full text]
  • Tel : + 33 3 88 41 2000, Fax + 33 3 88 41 2776
    Parliamentary Assembly Assemblée parlementaire 24 July 2008 AS/Inf (2008) 11 REPORTS under preparation in the Committees of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (July - October 2008) F – 67075 Strasbourg Cedex, e-mail: [email protected] http://assembly.coe.int tel : + 33 3 88 41 2000, fax + 33 3 88 41 2776 AS/Inf (2008) 11 CONTENTS Page I. Political Affairs Committee 3 II. Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights 20 III. Committee on Economic Affairs and Development 38 IV. Social, Health and Family Affairs Committee 45 V. Committee on Migration, Refugees and Population 52 VI. Committee on Culture, Science and Education 61 VII. Committee on the Environment, Agriculture and Local and Regional Affairs 69 VIII. Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men 75 IX. Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs 82 X. Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States 84 of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) Abbreviations : EPP/CD: Group of the European People’s Party/Christian Democrats SOC: Socialist Group EDG: European Democrat Group ALDE: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe UEL: Group of the United European Left NR: Not belonging to a Political Group of the Assembly Rec.: Recommendation Res.: Resolution Doc.: Document Ref.: Reference For further information, you may contact: Table Office of the Parliamentary Assembly 67075 Strasbourg Cedex Tel.: (0)3 88 41 21 02; fax: (0)3 88 41 27 33 Email: [email protected] 2 AS/Inf (2008) 11 I. POLITICAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Head of Secretariat: Mr B. Perin Committee secretaries: Mrs A.
    [Show full text]