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Ecological Status of Medicinal and Other Economically Important Plants Natural Product Radiance, Vol. 6(1), 2007, pp.55-61 Green page: Research Article Ecological status of medicinal and other economically important plants in the Shola understories of Nilgiris, the Western Ghats S Paulsamy1*, K K Vijayakumar1, M Murugesan1, S Padmavathy2 and P Senthilkumar1 1Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Botany, Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore-641 018 * Correspondent author, E-mail: [email protected] Received 11 November 2005; Accepted 22 May 2006 Abstract plants in some sholas understories of Sholas being a high species rich forests of Nilgiris, harbour many plant species of Nilgiris for conservation. economic importance also. Documentation of flora with their economic uses and the identification of ecological status are the most essential part in the conservation programmes. For this purpose in the present study, the understories of 11 sholas namely, Ebbenadu, Governor shola, Honnathalai, Materials and Methods Kammand, Kolacombi, Kodappamand, Korakunndah, Kothagiri terrace, Longwood shola, Thiashola Study area and Wenlockdown were selected in Nilgiris, the Western Ghats. The results of the study revealed The vegetation of eleven sholas that out of 131 species enumerated, 88 have been recognized as economically important. Among namely, Ebbenadu, Governor shola, them the species such as Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Janesan, Arisaema leschenaultii Blume, A. tortuosum (Wall.) Schott, Asparagus Honnathalai, Kammand, Kolacombi, fysoni Macbr., Centella asiatica Urban and Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. are Kodappamand, Korakunndah, Kothagiri suggested for cultivation and conservation so as to reduce the pressure upon wild population. terrace, Longwood shola, Thiashola Keywords: Sholas, Nilgiris, Economically important plants, Medicinal plants, Conservation. and Wenlockdown were analyzed for IPC code; Int. cl.8 — A01G 7/00, A61K 36/00, A23L 1/00 the present study. They are the subtropical/ temperate montane Introduction plants of this region have not been evergreen forests located in the glens or Among different vegetations, completely done so far. Hence the present depressions at an altitude between generally those in semi-arid and arid study was carried out to explore the 1800 and 2200m above sea level with climatic zones, hold more number of ecological status and cultivation limited geographical area. The soil is economically important plants due to the possibilities of economically important slightly acidic with sandy loam presence of diverse secondary texture2. The ever-available metabolites. Contrary to this, moisture in surface soil is sholas, the subtropical one of the characteristic evergreen montane forests features of sholas3 and located in southern Western vegetation of sholas holds Ghats, harbour a high high species diversity with number of medicinal and complex stratification4. other economically The floristic list in the important plants in their understories of sholas understories despite the including their families, existence of adequate soil ecological status, moisture at all times during economic uses, plant parts the year1. However, works on and mode of documentation of ecological administration is features of such important An aerial view of shola showing associated grassland summarized in Table 1. Vol 6(1) January-February 2007 55 Green page: Research Article Table 1 : The herbaceous species present in the sholas of Nilgiris with their ecological status and economic importance S. Species/Specimen number Family Ecological Parts used Medicinal/other Mode of No. status6-8 economic administ- importance 9-16 ration 1. Achyranthes bidentata Blume (SP-23) Amaranthaceae C Roots, spike, Antidote, contraceptive, Paste, juice leaves asthma, night blindness 2. Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen (MM-6) Asteraceae C Inflorescence Toothache Oil 3. Ageratina adenophora R.M. King Asteraceae C Leaves Wound healing Leaf juice & H. Rob. (SP-247) 4. Ageratum conyzoides Linn. (VB-19) Asteraceae C Leaves Psoriasis Leaf paste 5. A. houstonianum Mill. (MM-1516) Asteraceae C Leaves Wound healing Leaf paste 6. Agrostis peninsularis Hook. f. (MM-15) Poaceae E Aerial parts Fodder - 7. A. pilosula Trin. (NR-716) Poaceae E Aerial parts Fodder - 8. Anaphalis beddomei Hook. f. (MM-51) Asteraceae R, T - - - 9. A. elliptica DC. (MM-1830) Asteraceae E Whole plant Fever Powder 10. Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex Ranunculaceae C Leaves and Rheumatism, head ache Powder DC. (KV-136) stem and fever 11. Arisaema leschenaultii Blume (PS-32) Araceae C Tubers, Antidote, veterinary imp., Paste spadix Contraceptive 12. A. tortuosum (Wall.) Schott (SP-18) Araceae C Tubers, Antidote, veterinary Paste spadix imp., Contraceptive 13. Asparagus fysoni Macbr. (MM-1715) Asparagaceae E Tubers Tonic Powder 14. A. racemosus Willd. (MM-81) Asparagaceae C Tubers Stimulant Powder 15. Atylosia trinervia (DC.) Gamble (SP-8) Fabaceae C - - - 16. Bidens pilosa Linn. (MM-303) Asteraceae C Leaves Antiseptic Paste 17. Biophytum polyphyllum Munro (PS-69) Oxalidaceae R, E - - - 18. B. sensitivum (Linn.) DC. (MM-1819) Oxalidaceae C Whole plant Stimulant Powder 19. Bothriochloa compressa Henrard (PS-4) Poaceae C - - - 20. Brachypodium sylvaticum P. Beauv. (VB-67) Poaceae C - - - 21. Briza maxima Linn. (VB-116) Poaceae C - - - 22. Bromus catharticus Vahl (VB-561) Poaceae C - - - 23. Calanthe triplicata Ames (MM-1318) Orchidaceae C - - - 24. Calceolaria mexicana Benth. (MM-5) Scrophulariaceae C - - - 25. Cardamine africana Linn. (SP-762) Brassicaceae C Leaves Psoriosis Paste 26. Carex baccans Nees (KV-28) Cyperaceae C - - - 27. C. brunnea Thunb. (PS-1120) Cyperaceae C - - - 28. C. foliosa D. Don (VB-1800) Cyperaceae C - - - 29. C. longipes D. Don ex Tilloch & Cyperaceae C - - - Taylor (SP-316) 30. Cayratia pedata Juss. ex Gagnep. (NR-4) Vitaceae C Whole plant Antiseptic Paste 31. Centella asiatica Urban (PS-13) Apiaceae C Whole plant Skin diseases Paste 32. Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. (MM-7) Caryophyllaceae C - - - 33. Ceropegia pusilla Wight & Arn. Asclepiadaceae R, T Tubers Antidote Paste (MM-2188) 56 Natural Product Radiance Green page: Research Article S. Species/Specimen number Family Ecological Parts used Medicinal/other Mode of No. status6-8 economic administ- importance 9-16 ration 34. Clematis roylei Rehder (PS-15) Ranunculaceae C - - - 35. Clinopodium umbrosum K. Koch. (KV-9) Lamiaceae C Leaves Antiseptic Powder 36. Cyanotis arachnoidea Clarke (SP-300) Commelinaceae C - - - 37. Cynoglossum furcatum Thunb. (DS-10) Boraginaceae C Root Jaundice Powder 38. C. zeylanicum Thunb. (PM-5) Boraginaceae C Root Jaundice Powder 39. Cyrtococcum deccanense Bor (VB-117) Poaceae C Aerial parts Fodder - 40. Desmodium scalpe DC. (VB-416) Fabaceae C - - - 41. Dichrocephala integrifolia Kuntze (SP-57) Asteraceae C Leaves Wounds and cuts Paste 42. Digitaria violascens Link (MM-12) Poaceae C Aerial parts Fodder - 43. Disporum leschenaultianum D. Don Convallariaceae C Tubers Antidote Paste (MM-1012) 44. Dorstenia indica Wall. ex Wight (DS-1) Moraceae C - - - 45. Droguetia iners Schweinf. (PS-29) Urticaceae C - - - 46. Drymaria cordata Roem. & Schult. (NR-2) Caryophyllaceae C Leaves Headache Paste 47. Dumasia villosa DC. (MM-616) Fabaceae E - - - 48. Elatostema lineolatum Wight (VB-73) Urticaceae C - - - 49. E. sessile Forst. & Forst. (SP-549) Urticaceae C Leaves Abdominal Powder disorders 50. Eragrostis cilianensis Vignolo (KV-12) Poaceae C Aerial parts Fodder - 51. E. nigra Nees ex Steud. (MM-7) Poaceae C Aerial parts Fodder - 52. Erigeron karvinskianus DC. (PM-23) Asteraceae C Whole plant Ornamental - 53. Eriocaulon longicuspis Hook. f. (PS-64) Eriocaulaceae C - - - 54. Euphorbia rothiana Spreng. (VB-500) Euphorbiaceae C Latex Boils and acne As latex 55. Fragaria vesca Linn. (SP-131) Rosaceae C Whole plant Demulcent Paste 56. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (MM-332) Asteraceae C - - - 57. Galium asperifolium Wall. (MM-30) Rubiaceae C - - - 58. Gamochaeta coarctata M. Kerguelen Asteraceae C Whole plant Fever Fumigation (KV-1109) 59. Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (VB-7) Ericaceae E Leaves Arthritis Oil 60. Girardinia diversifolia Friis (VB-169) Urticaceae C Root Stimulant Root powder 61. Gnaphalium indicum DC. (VB-55) Asteraceae C Whole plant Fever Fumigation 62. Helichrysum hookerianum Hook. f. (MM-1424) Asteraceae E Flowers Ornamental - 63. H. bracteatum Andrews (MM-47) Asteraceae C Whole plant Bleeding Paste 64. Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. (SP-61) Apiaceae C Leaves Blood purifier Powder 65. Hypochaeris glabra Linn. (NR-17) Asteraceae C Root Tonic Powder 66. Isachne kunthiana Miq. (PS-14) Poaceae C Aerial parts Fodder - 67. Juncus effusus Linn. (DS-21) Juncaceae C - - - 68. J. leschenaultii J. Gay (PM-33) Juncaceae C - - - 69. Justicia simplex D. Don (SP-67) Acanthaceae C Leaves Bone fracture Paste 70. Laportea terminalis Wight (NR-19) Urticaceae C Root and leaves Blind abscesses Powder 71. Laurembergia coccinea Kanitz. (PS-66) Haloragaceae C - - - Vol 6(1) January-February 2007 57 Green page: Research Article S. Species/Specimen number Family Ecological Parts used Medicinal/other Mode of No. status6-8 economic administ- importance 9-16 ration 72. Lycianthes bigeminata Bitter (DS-34) Solanaceae C Fruits and Ulcer Cooked leaves 73. Myriactis wightii DC. (PM-23) Asteraceae C Leaves Wound healing Paste 74. Neanotis indica (DC.) Lewis (VB-669) Rubiaceae E - - - 75. N. leschenaultii (DC.) Lewis (VB-255) Rubiaceae C - - - 76. Ophiopogon intermedius D. Don (VB-44) Liliaceae
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