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The Jordanian Novel (1980-1990)

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The Jordanian Novel (1980-1990) THE JORDANIAN NOVEL (1980-1990) A STUDY AND AN ASSESSMENT FAHD A. A. SALAMEH Submitted for the Degree of PhD School of Oriental and African Studies University of London June 1998 ProQuest Number: 10673206 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673206 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This study traces the origin and development of the Jordanian novel from 1920s to late 1980s, and consists of three parts in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The introduction covers the rationale for undertaking such a study as well as the methodology and critical perspective adopted in this thesis. It also includes some basic definitions relevant to the work itself. The first part comprises two chapters. The first covers ap historical survey describing the genealogy of the Jordanian novel, the different stages of its development and the major discernible trends up to 1970s. The second chapter examines the works of Ghalib Halasa produced during 1970s until his death in 1989, which are considered important contributions to the novel in Jordan. The second part, which comprises two chapters, deals with the experimental trends during 1980s up to 1990. The first of these considers the works of Mu'nis al-Razzaz in detail, shedding light on the experimentation in the techniques and the form of the novel. The second of these takes Elias Farkouh's work Qamat al- Zabad as another attempt to explore new forms of composition and narration. The third part presents the Jordanian novel produced in the conventional form with special reference to a particular work by Ziyad Qasim, who stands out among his contemporaries in his artistic achievements. In the conclusion, a general evaluation of the Jordanian novel of 1980s is given. It is concluded therein that the experimental novelists, such as Mu'nis al-Razzaz an Elias Farkouh, influenced the subsequent generation more profoundly than any other leading novelists of that period. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................................. 6 NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION......................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................11 PART ONE: THE RISE OF THE NOVEL IN JORDAN.............................................................. 20 CHAPTER ONE: AN HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION............................................................. 20 I. Early Attempts (1922-1948).................................................................. 25 II. A Period of Transition (1948-1967) ................................................... 28 (A) Works of The “Realistic” Trend................................................................................................ 31 (B) The Sentimental or Romantic Trend ...........................................................................................37 III. The Dawn of the Mature Novel in Jordan (1968-1979)..........................................................39 The June-War-Related Novels........................................................................................................... 41 Taysir Sbul’s Ant Mundh al-Yawm (You Are Since Today)...........................................................44 Salim al-Nahhas’s Awraq ‘Aqir (Memoirs o f a Barren Woman).................................................. 47 Amin Shinnar’s al-Kabus {The Nightmare)..................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER TWO: GHALIB HALASA (1932-1989) The Estranged, Frustrated Dreamer...................................................................................................58 I. The N ovels:.................................................................................................................................... 61 (1) -Al-D ahik {Laughter)................................................................................................................ 62 3 (2) Al-Khamasin (The Khamsin) ........................................................................................................73 (3) Al-Buka ’ ala al-Atlal (Lamenting the Ruins)............................................................................80 II. Sex in Halasa’s Novels: .................................................................................................................. 89 III. Narrative Techniques: ...................................:...............................................................................97 IV. Language: ..................................................................................................................................... 103 PART TWO: THE EXPERIMENTAL NOVEL IN JORDAN....................................................110 CHAPTER THREE: MU’NIS al-RAZZAZ: THE PREDICAMENT OF THE ARAB INTELLECTUAL....................................................... I l l ) I. The Novels:................ 115 (1) Ahia'fi al-Bahr al-Mayyit (Living Beings In The Dead Sea) ............................................... 117 (2) 1‘tirajat Katim Sawt. (Confessions o f a Silent Revolver) ......................................................... 121 (3): Matdha al-A ‘rah Ji Natihdt al-Sarab (The Maze of The A ‘rab in Miragescrapers)........ 124 (4) Jum ‘a al-Qafari: Yawmiyydt Nakira (Jum ‘a al-Qafari: Memoirs o f an Unknown).......... 131 II. Characterisation and Narrative Techniques: .............................................................................136 (A) Characterisation: .......................................................................................................................... 135 (B) Narrative Techniques: ................................................................................................................. 147 (1): Ahia ’ ji al-Bahr al-Mayyit:.........................................................................................................147 (2) rtirdfat Kdtim Sawt:.....................................................................................................................149 (3) Matdhah al-A 'rab ft Ndtihat al-Sarab:.....................................................................................153 (4): Jum ‘a al-Qafari: Yawmiyydt Nakirah:.....................................................................................156 III. Language: ..................................................................................................................................... 157 CHAPTER FOUR: ELIAS FARKOUH THE SHATTERED DEFEATED SOULS.....................................................................................162 4 Qamat al-Zabad (,Statures of Foam)................................................................................................164 (1). Characterisation and Narrative Techniques: ...........................................................................173 (A). Narrative Techniques ................................................................................................................ 177 (B) Characterization ........................................................................................................................... 184 (2). Language: .................................................................................................................................... 193 PART THREE: CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS WITH CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES............................................................................................... 206 CHAPTER FIVE: ZIYAD QASIM ) THE VULNERABLE CASTLE......................................................................................................206 Abna’ al-QaVah (Sons of The Castle)............................................................................................ 211 (1) Narrative Techniques and Characterization: ............................................................................221 (A) Narrative Techniques: ................................................................................................................221 (B) Characterization: ..........................................................................................................................224 (1) The Intermediate figures: .............................................................................................................227 (ii) Background Characters: ..............................................................................................................240 (2). Language: ..................................................................................................................................... 243 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................250 BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................................
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