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4132 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3

NOMINATIONS Brig. Gen. William Morris Hoge (colonel, NEW YORK Executive ·nominations received May 3 Corps of Engineers), Army of the United Mary Virginia Schrempp, Maryknoll, N. Y. States. In place of K. A. Slattery, retired. (legislative day of April 16) , 1945: Brig. Gen. Charles Everett Hurdis (lieuten~ DIPLOMATIC AND . .FOREIGN SERVICE ant colone1, Field Artillery), Army of the OHIO Hiram A. Boucher of Minnesota, now a . Viola Smathers, Buchtel, Ohio. Offize Foreign Service officer of class 3 and a secre~ Brig. Gen. Herbert Ludwell Earnest (lieu4 became Presidential July 1, 1944. tary in the Diplomatic Service. to be also a tenant colonel, Cavalry), Army of the United Anna M. Krug, Spring Valley, Ohio. In consul general of the United States of Amer~ States. place o! W. E. Alexander, resigned. ica. Brig. Gen. John Matthew Devine (lieuten­ OKLAHOMA Theodore J. Hohenthal, of California, now ant colonel, Field Artillery), Army of the Henry R. Hare, Keota, Okla. In place of a Foreign Service officer of class 7 and a secre~ United States. E. R. Davis, transferred. tary in the Diplomatic Service, to be aLso To be brigadier generals a consul of the United States of America. PENNSYLVANIA The following-named persons for appoint­ Col. George Wintered Smythe (major, In~ Eva E. Taft, East Springfield, Pa. omce be· ment as Foreign Service officers, unclassified, fantry), Army of the United States. came Presidential July 1, 1944. vice consuls of career, and secretaries in the Col. Hugh Cart (lieutenant colonel, Field Melvin J. Hurd, La Jose, Pa. Offi~e became Dip!omatic Service of the United States of Artillery), Army of the United States. Presidential July 1, 1944. America: Col. William Lynn Raberts, Infantry. Frank W. Kebe, Moon Run, Pa. Office be~ William C. George, of the District of Co~ Col. William Orlando Darby (captain, Field came Presidential July 1, 1944. lumbia. Artillery), Army of the United States. Elizabeth V. Heaps, North Bend, Pa. Of­ Robert K. Peyton, of New Jersey. Col. Charles Trueman Lanham (major, In.. fice became Presidential October 1, 1944. fantry), Army of the United States. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Mildred A. Swanson, Pittsfield, Pa. Otfice Col. Charles Harlan Swartz (lieutenant became Presidential July 1, 1944. David E. Lilienthal, of Wisconsin, to be colonel, Field Artillery), Army of the United a member of the Board of Directors of the Earl E. Koch, WescQsville, Pa. Office be­ States. c.ame Presidential July 1, 1944. Tennessee Valley Authority for the term ex~ Col. Thomas Leonard Harrold (major, Cav­ piring 9 years after May 18, 1945. (Reap~ alry), Army of the United States. TENNESSEE pointment.) Col. William Nelson Gillmore (major, Field W. Coy St. John, Manchester, Tenn. In POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT Artillery), Army of the United States. place of Hugh Doak, .resigned. Robert E. Hannegan, of Missouri, to be POSTMASTERS WISCONSIN Postmaster General, effective July 1, 1945, vice Frank C. Walker, resigned. The following-named persons to be post­ Roland B. Cary, Boulder Junction, Wis. Joseph J . Lawler, of Pennsylvania, to be masters: In place of D.~· Waller, resigned. Third Assistant Postmaster General, Post Of­ ALAifAMA fice Department, vice Ramsey S. Black, re~ Burton C. Sterling, Addison, Ala. Office be­ signed effective May 6, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1944. - DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Vera S. Collier, Praco, Ala. Otfice became HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Harold H. Young, of Texas, to be Solicitor Presidential July 1, 1943. oi the Department of Commerce. ARIZONA THURSDAY, MAY 3, 1945 THE JUDICIARY Eleanor McCoy, Yuma, Ariz. In place of J. M. Balsz, dropped. The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE was called to order by the Speaker. Donnell Gilliam, of North Carolina, to be ARKANSAS Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., pastor United States district judge for the eastern Dorothy A. Trammell, Everton, Ark. Office district of North Carolina, vice Isaac M. Mee~- became Presidential July 1, 1944. of the Gunton Temple Memorial Pres­ ins, retired. · byterian Church, Washington, D. C., of­ CALIFORNIA UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS fered the following prayer: Faith R. Dotters, Daggett, Calif. In place Tobias E. Diamond, of Iowa, to be United of R. M. Salisbury, removed. 0 Thou God of might and of majesty, States attorney for the northern district of Edith A. Knudsen, Klamath, Calif. In who has revealed Thyself as the su­ Iowa. (Mr. Diamond is now serving in this place of E. A. Knudsen. Incumbent's com~ office under an appointment which expired preme guiding intelligence, we pray that mission expired May 4, 1942. we may be filled with a sense of Thy November 19, 1944.) John Thomas Ward, Olivehurst, Calif. Sam M. Wear, of Missouri, to be United divine sovereignty, ruling, not with arbi­ States attorney for the western district of Office became Presidential July 1, 1944. trary power, but with the gracious wis­ Missouri, vice Maurice M. Milligan, term ex­ Erdman Petz, Olive View, Calif. In place dom of a Heavenly Father whose mind pired. of Clarence McCord. Incumbent's coml;Xlis~ sion expired ·June 23, 1942. is too wise to err and whose heart opens UNITED STATES MARSHAL with love to all our needs. Jones Floyd, ·of Arkansas, to be United GEORGIA May we respond to that wisdom and States marshal for the western district of Ruby R. Beckwith, Springfield, Ga. In that love by seeking first Thy kingdom Arkansas, vice Henry C. Armstrong, term ex­ place of H. N. Ramsey, retired. Ellie A. Long, Saint Marys, Ga. In place of and Thy righteousness, assured that then pired. all things needful shall be added unto SMALLER WAR PLANTS CORPORATION I. F. Arnow, retired. ILLINOIS us. Help us by Thy grace to repel every The following-named persons to be mem- willful purpose and every selfish pro- bers of the Smaller War Plants Corporation: Margaret Mulvaney, Edwards, Ill. Otfice Maury Maverick, of Texas. became Presidential July 1, 1944. pensity. · We fervently pray that the day may Patrick W. McDonough, of California. INDIANA James T. Howington, of Kentucky. speedily dawn when the finer moral and Lawrence F. Arnold, of Illinois. Mildred. Maxedon, Hardinsburg, Ind. In spiritual principles of reverence and love ·c. Edward Rowe; of Massachusetts. place of L. M. Patton, resigned. William L. Alvis, Patoka, Ind. In place of for God and man shall become regnant HONOR GRADUATES FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE J. H. Witherspoon, Sr., deceased. in the heart of humanity. Grant us to REGULAR ARMY see and understand that faith, hope, and To be second. lieutenants with rank from KANSAS love are the mightiest weapons in the December 1, 1944 Frank H. Steiger, El Dorado, Kans. In building of a better world. May these place of J. H. Sandifer, deceased. FIELD ARTILLERY virtues be the guiding light of our own Lester c. Irwin, Onaga, Kans. In place of Luther Edward Brown C. L. Krouse, resigned. lives. CORPS OF ENGINEERS We o:ffer our petitions in the name o:f MASSACHUSETl'S the Christ. Amen. Winston Huntington Elliott Thomas F. Dehey, Hinsdale, Mass. In place TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS IN THE ARMY OF of C. A. Lamoureaux, retired. The Journal of the proceedings of THE UNITED STATES NEVADA yesterday was read and apJ?roved. To be major generals Harold Sylvester Baldwin, Henderson, Nev. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Brig. Gen. Holmes Ely Dager (lieutenant· Otfice became Presidential April 1, 1944. colonel, Infantry'), Army of the United States. A message in writing from the Presi­ Brig. Gen. Bryant Edward Moore (lieuten• NEW JERSEY dent of the United States was communi­ ant colonel, Infantry), Army of the United Anna M. Bryant, Lumberton, N. J.. ptnce cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one o:f Stat<.::s, became Presidential July 1, 1944. his secretaries, who also informed the 1945. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4133 House · that on the following dates the EXTENSION OF REM:ARKS The SPEAKER. Is there objection to President approved and signed bills and Mr. COURTNEY asked and was given the request of the gentleman froni Wis~ a joint resolution of the House of the permission to extend his remarks and to consin? following titles: include an editorial from the Nashville There was no objection. On April 19, 1945: Banner. Mr. ELLIS asked and was given per­ H. R. 685. An act to amend the act en­ Mr. HART. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan~ mission to extend his own remarks in titled "An act for the acquisition of build­ imous consent to extend my remarks and the Appendix. ings and grounds in foreign countries for include an editorial from the Jersey Ob~ Mr. BUFFETT asked and was given usa of the Government of the United States of America," approved May 7, 1926, as server, and I ask unanimous consent also permission to extend his own remarks in amended, to permit of the sale of buildings to extend my remarks and include a res~ the Appendix. and grounds and the utilization of proceeds olution adopted at a mass meeting held CRITICAL HOUSING SHORTAGE IN of such sale in the Government interest; at Union City, N. J. METROPOLITAN LOS ANGELES AREA H. R. 914. An act granting the consent of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Congress to the States of Colorado and the request of the gentleman from New Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, I ask Kansas to negotiate and enter into a com­ Jersey? unanimous consent to address the House pact for the division of the waters of the There was no objection. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Arkansas River; Mr. LANE asked and was given per~ remarlcs. H. R. 934. An act for the relief of Charles The SPEAKER. Is there objection to H. Dougherty, Sr.; mission to extend his remarks in the ap­ pendix of the RECORD and include therein the request of the gentleman from Cali­ H. R. 949. An act for the relief of Mrs. fornia? Mildred Ring; an article which appeared in the Boston H. R. 1325. An act for the Telief of Mrs. Post. There was no objection. Rose Schiffer; Mr. OUTLAND asked and was given Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, the H. R.1353. An act for the relief of J. P. permission to extend his remarks and lack of proper housing in the metropoli~ Harris; ,. include therein an editorial. tan Los Angeles area is creating the most H. R. 1534. An act to amend the Fact deplorable conditions for war workers Finders' Act; Mr. HEDRICK asked and was given and servicemen's families and other H. R. 1669. An act for the relief of the estate permission to extend his remarks in the civilians that exist in any part of the of Ralph A. Stowell; and RECORD with reference to a West Vir.-: United States. The situation is not only H. R.1707. An act for the relief of Murray ginia airport. critical, it is alarming. Even before the W. and Elsie P. Moran. THE RENT SITUATION IN OffiO On April 20, 1945: war the housing problem in metropolitan H. R. 1676. An act for the relief of the Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Los Angeles was grave. Since Pe8,rl Har­ Daniel Baker Co., of Manchester, Ky.; and unanimous consent to address the House bor most of our public housing units built H. R. 1983. An act for the relief of Benjamin for 1 minute and to revise and extend to clean out slum areas have been D. Lewis. · ' my remarks. turned into defense housing units. The On April 24, 1945: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to war industries have brought into metro­ H. R. 2252. An act making appropriations politan Los Angeles an increase in popu­ for the Treasur,y and Post Office Departments the request of the gentlewoman from for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1946, and Ohio? lation amounting to 750,000. Added to for other purposes. There was no objection. this is the thousands of servicemen in On April 25, 1945: Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, the rent training camps in metropolitan Los An­ H. R. 2374. An act makin~ appropriations situation in Cleveland has been becom~ geles whose families have followed them to supply deficiencies in certain appropria­ ing more and more difficult. Rents were there, which have overtaxed our housing tions for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1945, frozen as of July 1941, which has made capacity until right now ·we need 58,000 and for prior fiscal years, to provide sup­ constant hardship because of the dis~ housing units to take care of the problem plemental appropriations for the fiscal years crimination against many landlords. at present. ending June 30, 1945, ·and June 30, 1946, and The fact that no ceilings have been Can you imagine four families living in for other purposes. the ordinary space required for one On April 27, 1945: placed upon commercial rents is creat~ H. R. 2122. An act to extend to June 30, ing an increasingly difficult situation, es­ family? 1940, the period during which females may pecially for returning professional men, Practically every sanitary law. be employed in the District of Columbia for such as doctors, lawyers, and the like. county and city ordinance is being vio~ more than 8 hours a day, or 48 hours a week, Constant flow of protests seems to have lated every day. The Congress has not under temporary permits; and culminated in· the display in Cleveland sufficiently recognized this serious prob­ H. R. 2687. An act to grant· the honorary streetcars of the following advertisement lem, we have not fully realized that rank of colonel to Edward J. Kelly, major printed by the United States Govern­ metropolitan Los Angeles is one of the and superintendent of the Metropolitan ment: White on red, "Tenants in this most important war material producing Police force of the District O'f Columbia. On April 30, 1045: area are protected by 0. P. A. rent con~ areas in the Nation and will become more H. R. 1525. An act relating to escapes of trol"; blue on white, "If you have ques~ important after VE-day when the full prisoners of war a~d interned 'enemy aliens; tions about your rent, call or write your impact of war production and shipping and nearest 0. P. A. office-U. S. Office of will fall on southern California. H. R. 1719. An act to confirm the claim of Price Administration"; white on blue, I do not mean that we should appropri­ Ch::u·:es Gaudet. "Rents for most homes, apartments, ate all of the funds necessary to supply On May 3, 1945: rooming houses, and hotel rooms have the deficiency in housing. What I do H. J. Res. 18. Joint resolution providing for not gone up in almost 3 years. Dis­ mean is that we"should insist that prior­ the celebration in 1945 ·of the one-hundredth tributed by 0. W: I." ities should be allowed so that private anniversary of the founding of the United. States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.; · Indignation runs high. Patriotic cit~ enterprise can go ahead and build houses H. R. 689. An act to enable the Department izens who have been buying War bonds for rent or sale and that building trades­ of State, pursuant to its responsibilities under with utmost conscientiousness are ques~ men should be considered just as impor­ the Constitution and statutes of the United tioning future purchases, incensed at this tant as other essential war workers at States, more effectively to carry out its pre­ use of public funds. least until some of the heavy pressure of. scribed and traditional responsibilities in EXTENSION OF REMARKS lack of housing is relieved. the foreign field; to strengthen the Foreign A TURN IN THE ROAD Service permitting fullest utilization of avail­ Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask able personnel and facilities of other depart­ unanimous consent to extend my re~ Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan..- , ments and agencies and coordination of ac­ marks in the Appendix and include a imous consent to address the House for tivities abroad of the United States under statement entitled "Who Really Owns 1 minute and to revise and extend my re­ a Foreign Sarvice for the United States unified My Business?" as given to a subcommit­ marks. under the guidance of the Department of State; and tee of the Committee on Small Business The SPEAKER. Is·there objection to H. R.19e4. An act m9.king appropriations which held hearings at Cleveland on the request of the gentleman from Penn­ .for the Executive Office and sundry inde­ Tuesday and Wednesday of this week. sylvania? pendent executive bureaus, boards, commis­ The author of the statement is E. H. There was no objection. sions, and offices, for the fiscal year ending Martindale, of the Martindale Electrio Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I wr..nt to June 30, 1946, and for other purposes. Co., of Cleveland, Ohio. take this occasion to laud the President 4134 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 of the United States, Mr. Truman. RECORD and include an editorial from t'he upon his appointmept of Supreme Court With a national debt of over $336,000,- New York Times; also one from the Justice Robert Jackson as chief counsel 000,000, yesterday he gave orders to cut Washington Post, on the subject of the of an international tribunal to try war down spending in the Maritime Commis­ treaty-making power. criminals. It is an exemplary appoint­ sion by $7,000,000,000; the 0. W. I., $12,- Mr. ROGERS of New York. Mr. ment. 100,000; theW. P. B., $8,894,000; Office of Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ On the other hand, I am informed Censorship, $4,800,000; 0. D. T., $3,300,- tend my remarks in the RECORD and in­ that as yet Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz 000; Petroleum Administration for War, clude an article by Mr. Skeffington, of the is not on the list of war criminals. He $345,000; Office of Education,_ $43,710,- Democrat and , of Rochester, should be put on the list immediately. 400; W. M. C., $1,598,000; Office of Scien­ N.Y. He issued an order to the Nazis to fight tific Research and Development, $13,- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to the death in Denmark and in Nor­ 200,000; 0. C. D., $369,000, terminating the request of the gentleman from New way. He is one of the worst of the Nazi this agency as of June 30, 1945. York? rats. Prior to the declaration of war President Truman is starting on the There was no objection. his submarines fired on our unarmed right road; it is the first time we have Mr. VOORHIS of California asked and merchant ships. Many of our brave lads gotten on this road since 1933. I con­ was given permission to extend his own were killed. After the declaration of gratulate President Truman and hope he remarks in the RECORD and include a war he did not hesitate to launch tor­ keeps his eye on the economy road to a poem. pedoes against hospital ships. He is one pay-as-you-go Nation thus saving Amer­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask of the worst Junkers and is famous for ica from bankruptcy. unanimous consent to extend my own his ruthlessness. He assigned Gestapo The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ remarks in the RECORD and include an agents to accompany his .crews on their tleman from Pennsylvania has expired. article by Gustav Cassel. deadly missions and he peronally di­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to EXTENSION OF REMARKS rected the so-called wolf packs. "Kill! the request of the gentleman from Mich­ Kill! Kill!" were his words . to the Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, I ask igan? U-boat crews. ''Have no humanity in unanimous consent to extend my re­ There was no objection. your labors; humanity means weakness." marks in the Appendix of the REcoRD and Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I The U-boat commanders and their crews include an editorial from the Preston ask unanimous consent to extend my own were most inhuman in their activities.

4156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 Forand Ludlow Rayfiel Wadsworth Wigglesworth Wolverton, N.J. ing him to that time, but he can at least Gallagher Lyle Resa Welchel Winstead Woodrul!, Mich. Gary Lynch Riley West Wolcott rely on 30 minutes. Geelan McCormack Robinson, Utah Mr. Speaker, the House in its wisdom Gordon McGlinchey Rogers, Fla. NOT VOTING-68 has voted against referring the bill and Gore McKenzie Rogers, N.Y. Batley Hall, Plumley the veto message of President Truman Gorski Madden Rooney Barden Leonard W, Powell Gossett Mahon Rowan Barry Hancock Quinn, N.Y. to the committee and the matter now Granahan M'lnsfield, Russell Bloom Hare Richards comes before the House on the question Granger Mont. Sabath Bonner Healy Rivers Green Marcantonio Sadowski Bradley, Mich. Hobbs Roe, Md. of whether or not the House will, on re­ Harless, Ariz. May Sheppard Buck Holifield Roe, N.Y. consideration, pass the bill, the objec· Harris Mlller, Calif. Sheridan Buckley Izac Ryter tions of the President to the contrary Hart Mills Sikes Burch Jackson Savage notwithstanding. This requires a two­ Hartley Monroney Slaughter Butler Jarman Schwabe, Okla. Havenner Morgan Snyder Canfield Johnson, Okla. Short thirds vote, as we all know. Hays Morrison Somers, N. Y. Cannon, Fla. Judd Stewart This is the :first veto of a major bill Hedrick Murdock Sparkman ·Cochran Kelly, Dl. Thomason Heffernan Murphy Spence Coffee Kilburn Traynor that President Truman has sent up to Hendricks Neely Starkey Crosser Kinzer Vorys, Ohio this body. Only a few weeks ago a great· Him: haw Norton Stigler ·Curley Lesinski Walter tragedy happened, as a result of which Hoch O'Brien, Ill. Sullivan Daughton, Va.. McGehee Welch Hook O'Brien, Mich. Sumners, Tex. Dawson McMlllan, S. C. White under the processes of our constitutional Huber O'Neal Sundstrom Dirksen Maloney Wilson government Vice President Truman be­ Johnson·, O'Toole Tarver Douglas, Calif. Manasco Winter came President of the United States. Luther A. Outland Thomas, Tex. Eaton Mason Wolfenden, Pa• . There is no question but that the coun­ Johnson, Patman Tolan Fulton Mott Wood Lyndon B. Patrick Torrens ·Gifford Pfeifer Worley try has recognized the tact and the judg­ Kean Patterson Towe ment he has exer<;ised, and that without Kee Peterson, Fla. Trimble So the motion was rejected. regard to party there has been a strong Kefauver Peterson, Ga. Vinson The Clerk announced the following Kelley, Pa. Pickett Voorhis, Calif. manifestation of support of the leader­ Keogh Poage Wasielewski pairs: ship President Truman has given us to Kilday Price, Fla. Weaver On this vote: King Price, ill. Weiss date. Kirwan Priest Whitten Mrs. Douglas of California for, with Mr. As I say, this is the :first' veto message Kopplemann Rabaut Whittington Winter against. that has come from him not only as Lane Rabin Wickersham Mr. Quinn of New York for, with Mr. Lanham Ramspeck Woodhouse Syhwabe of Oklahoma against. President but as Commander in Chief on Lea Randolph Woodrum, Va., Mr. Healy for, with Mr. KinZer against. a matter relating to the conduct of the Link Rankin Zimmerman Mr. Roe of New York for, with Mr. Plum­ war. I think the veto message of the NAYS-196 ley against. President is such a strong and convinc­ Adams Fenton Lewis Mr. Holifield for, with Mr. Butler against. ing one that the House should sustain Allen, Dl. 'Fernandez Luce Mr. Pfeifer for, with Mr. Bradley of Michl· the veto. Allen, La. Flannagan McConnell gan against. What does President Truman say in Andersen, · FUller · McCowen Mr. Savage for, with Mr. Short against. H. Carl Gamble McDonough Mr. Powell for, with Mr. Mason against, his veto message? Anderson, Call!. Gardner McGregor Mr. Barry for, with Mr. Wilson against. The Congress, when it passed the Selective Andresen, Gathings McMillen, Dl. August H. Gavin Mansfield, Tex. Mr. Bloom for, with Mr. Kilburn against. Training and Service Act of 1940, wisely pro­ Andrews, Ala. Gearhart Martin; Iowa Mr. Buckley for, with Mr. Dirksen against. vided that no deferment from service in the Andrews, N.Y. Gerlach Martin, Mass. armed forces should be made in the case of Angell Gibson Merrow General pairs: any individual "except upon the basis of the Arends Gillespie Michener Mr. Maloney with Mr. Eaton. status of such individual, and no such de­ Arnold Gillette Miller, Nebr. :Mr. Lesinski with Mr. Buck. ferment shall be made of individuals by oc­ Auchincloss Gillie Mundt Baldwin, Md. Goodwin Murray, Tenn. Mr. Manasco with Mr. Canfield. cupational groups." Baldwin, N.Y. Graham Murray, Wis. Mr. Curley with Mr. Fulton. Barrett, Wyo. Grant, Ala. Norrell Mr. Bonner with Mr. Vorys of Ohio. President Truman also stated: Bates, Mass. Grant, Ind. O'Hara Mr. Johnson of Oklahoma with Mrs. Bolton. Enactment of such a law would not only Beall Gregory O'Konskl Mr. Richards with Mr. Gitiord. be an injustice to the millions already in­ Bender Griffiths Pace Mr. Crosser with Mr. Wolfenden of Penn- ducted into our armed forces and those yet to Bennet, N.Y. Gross Philbin Bennett, Mo. Gwinn, N.Y. Phillips sylvania. be inducted. It would do violence to the Bishop Gwynne, Iowa. Pittenger Mr. Burch with Mr. Leonard W. Hall. basic principle embodied in section 5 (e) (1) Blackney Hagen Ploeser Mr. Cochran with Mr. Judd. of the Selective Training and Service Act Bolton Hale Powers Mr. Hare with Mr. Welch. which prohibits deferment by occupational Boykin Hall, Rains Mr. Kelly of Illinois with Mr. Hancock. groups. or groups of individuals, a principle Brehm Edwin Arthur Ramey which vias incorporated into the present law Brown, Ohio Halleck Reece, Tenn. The result of the vote was announced Brumbaugh Hand Reed, Ill. because of the deferment scandals of the last Buffett Harness, Ind. Reed, N.Y. as above recorded. war, particularly in shipyards. The resolu­ Byrnes, Wis, Hebert Rees, Kans. · The SPEAKER. The question is, Will tion would also limit the authority now Campbell Henry Rich the House on reconsideration pass the vested in the President by section 5 ( 1) to Carlson Herter Rizley bill, the objections of the President to make final determination of all questions of Case, N.J. Heselton Robertson, exemption or deferment under the act and Case; S.Dak. Hess N.Dak. the contrary notwithstanding? Chapman Hill Roberteon, Va.. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I would deprive him of the right to determine Chelf Hoeven Robsion, Ky. the relative essentiality of the needs of agri­ Chenoweth Hoffman Rockwell demand recognition on the question. culture and the armed forces. Chiperfield Holmes, Mass. Rodgers, Pa. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Church Holmes, Wash. Rogers, Mass. Ma,ssachusetts is recognized. This veto message also contains this Clason Hope Sasscer very correct, significant, and pointed Clements Horan Schwabe, Mo. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. ·Clevenger Howell Scrivner Speaker, will the gentleman yield? language: . Cole, Kans. Hull Shafer Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the Thus in practical e1Iect it would single out Cole, Mo. Jenkins Sharp one special class of our citizens, the agricul ... Cole, N. Y, Jennings Simpson, Til, gentleman from Massachusetts. Corbett Jensen Simpson, Pa. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I tural group, and put it on a plane above both Cravens Johnson, Calif. Smith, Maine understand the gentleman is willing to industrial occupation and military service. Crawford Johnson, DI. Smith, Ohio Cunningham Johnson, Ind. Smith, Va. give the opposition half of the time to The logic and the soundness of the veto Curtis Jones Smith, Wis. which the gentleman is entitled. message cannot be disputed, in my opin­ Dolllver Jonkman Springer Mr. McCORMACK. Absolutely. I ion. As I have said, this is the first veto Domengeaux Kearney Stefan Dondero Keefe Stevenson will be very glad to yield that time if we message of President Truman as the Dworshak Kerr Stockman can agree on someone to control it. Commander in Chief in wartime. I Earthman Knutson Sumner, Dl, Would the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. think it would be unfortunate if this Elliott Kunkel Taber Ellis LaFollette Talbot FLANNAGAN] be satisfactory to both sides veto, having in mind the soundness of Ellsworth Landis Talle of the House? the veto message, should not be sustained Elsaesser Larcade Taylor Unless there is objection, it is under­ by the House of Representatives. Elston Latham Thorn stood, then, that the gentleman from I realize the influences that exist, but Engel, Mich. LeCompte Thomas, N.J. Ervin LeFevre Tibbott Virginia [Mr. FLANNAGAN] may control there are times when we have to lift our­ Fellows Lamke Vursell 30 minutes. I am not necessarily limit- selves above the influences which con- 1945 CONGRESSIO:t'-TAL RECORD-I-IOUSE 4157 front each and every one of us. This Tydings am~ndment, so that it gave prac­ directives issued by some governmental certainly seems to me to be one of these tically every other boy in America pref­ agency if my vote can keep such a thing times. Furthermore, if. I were a young etence over the farm boy. That is the from happening. man living on a farm-and they are red­ truth of the matter. The Tydings Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance blooded Americans; there is no more amendment was passed in order to pre­ of my time. red-blooded group than the young Amer­ serve the boy for the farm if, of course, The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. icans living on the farms-! would not the local board found that his services RAMSPECK). The gentleman yields back \7ant to be singled out and given special were essential to the war, and Congress 1 minute. consideration as a group, over the other took this action because it realized that Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speal{er, may groups of red-blooded young Americans the production of food was an essential I inquire how much time I consumed in who work in industry or who live in the war undertaking. That is the reason the the remarks I made? cities. If I lived and worked on a farm Tydings amendment was enacted. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The and belonged to that group of young men Now, a great principle is involved in gentleman used 7 minutes. of red-blooded, sterling Americans, I your vote today-a principle as great as Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I would resent being given special consid­ any that ever confronted the American yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from eration and special preference. Congress. Here, by act of Congress, North Carolina [Mr. COOLEY]. The war in Europe, as you know, is that is plain and unambiguous, we say Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I regret about .over. Certainly, if there is one to the selective service local boards, "If very much that I find myself in dieagree­ time during the progress of this war a boy is engaged in essential farm work ment with my very distinguished and be­ when, aside from the arguments pre­ and the production of food essential to loved chairman the gentleman from Vir­ sented by President Truman in his veto the war effort, keep him there." That ginia [Mr. FLANNAGAN]. While I am re;.. message, which I have referred to, if was the Congress speaking. luctant to do so, I feel that it is my duty there ever was a time when"a veto should The Selective Service Board respected to speak with regard to the proposition te sustained and this bill should not be­ that act for over 3 years. It was passed which is now before the House. come a law, now is the time. Appealing in 1942 and jt was observed literally by Mr. Speaker, if there is one thing that to the Members of the House of Repre­ the Selective Service until January 3, is inherent in American character, it is sentatives, having in mind the soundness 1945. Then what happened? On that justice and fair play. While the Presi­ and logic of the veto message of Presi­ date by a directive issued by Selective dent did not use that exact expression, dent Truman; having in mind the fact Service, the Tydings amendment was he did, in his message, emphasize the fact that we are at war; having in mind the wiped out. Are we going to stand by and the thought that many men who fact that the red-blooded young Ameri­ and see the laws of Congress wiped out were engaged in agriculture are now en­ cans on the farms do not want any pref­ by Executive order or by directive issued gaged in battle after being inducted into erence over the red-blooded young Amer­ by the Selective Service or any other the armed forces under the selective­ icans in other fields of economic en­ governmental agency? service law. Would it not be a rank dis­ deavor throughout the country; having Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, will the crimination to change the rules in the in mind these factors and other consid­ gentleman yield? middle of the game? I hope I may be erations, I hope that the veto of Presi­ Mr. FLANNAGAN. Just let me finish pardoned in referring to this horrible dent Truman will be sustained. and then I will yield. war as a game. I use the expression only Mr. Speaker, I reserve to myself the I plead with you to uphold the hands for illustrative purpose. After having in­ balance of the time. of the Congress of the United States. ducted 10,000,000 men under a certain set Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the The issue is right up to you today. If of rules or laws, and having raised the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. FLAN­ the Tydings amendment was wrong in world's greatest and finest Army, would NAGAN]. v.ny respect, why did not the Selective it be exactly fair to those now in the Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I Service come to the Congress and tell us armed forces to change the law and per­ agree with my majority leader; it is un­ so and ask us to amend the law? In­ mit others deferment which was denied fortunate that we are faced with a vote stead of doing that the Tydings amend­ to them? on a veto message. But I do want to ment was nullified by a directive issued The Flannagan bill is not a mere reit! call the attention of the House to sev­ by an agency Congress created-by a di­ eration of the Tydings amendment. It eral things which have been stated in rective issued by the Selective Service is not a mere expression by the Congress debate which are misleading. There Administration. Vvhen we called their but if enacted will become a a vital part has never been any disposition on the hands they agreed with us and issued of the basic law, under the administra­ part of those in this body who represent another directive, in which they told the tion of which millions of men have farming areas to give the farm boys spe­ draft boards that they must respect the already been inducted. The very pur­ cial treatment, and I deny that the Tyd­ _Tydings amendment. But as I said a pose of the legislation is to change the ings amendment gives the farm boys spe­ few moments ago, the ink had not gotten law and to bring about a different inter­ cial treatment. Why do they not give dry on the corrective directive, in which pretation from that which has heretofore you the baclcground of the Tydings General Hershey told the Selective Serv­ been placed upon the Tydings amend­ amendment? Why do they not tell you ice boards to respect the Tydings amend­ ment. This would be most unfortunate, about the necessity that prompted the ment, until he wrote his famous editorial especially at this moment when the light Congress to pass the Tydings amend­ wiping out the corrective directive he of freedom is shining again upon the ment? Let me tell you the facts. The had agreed to with the Committee on horizons of Europe and everything indi­ facts are these: Agriculture was never Agriculture of this House and restating cates that the European war will soon be classified as a critical industry. What the position he toolc in his directive of over. did that mean? It meant that the farm January 3, which, as I told you, wiped Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, will boy . could not be deferred although out the Tydings amendment. the gentleman yield? he was essential to the production of Now, if we are going to stand by and Mr. COOLEY. I yield. food; and remember food is as essential permit any governmental agency, even Mr. FLANNAGAN. Is not this true: to the prosecution of this war as planes the Executive, to wipe out an act of Con­ '\Ve are not attempting to change the and tanks. If agriculture had been clas­ gress by directive or Executive order, rules of the game; we are trying to get sified as an essential war industry there then in my opinion we are a spineless lot Selective Service to play the game ac­ would have been no necessity for the of Representatives. cording to the rules laid down by this Tydings amendment. The boy in the The issue is fundamental, and I for one House? steel mill could be deferred because he am going to do what my conscience dic­ Mr. COOLEY. Frankly, I believe that was engaged in an essential war indus­ tates that I should do irrespective of the General Hershey has endeavored to do try. The boy in the shipbuilding plant fact that I hate, especially at this early an honest job. I believe that he has dis­ could be deferred because he was like­ stage, to override the President's veto. I charged his arduous duties with dignity wise engaged in an essential war indus­ am going to vote to uphold the legisla­ and impartiality. I am :r;erfectly wllling try; and so on down the line. But no tive act of this House and I am going to to accept my full responsibility as a Mem­ provision was made for the farm boy. continue to so vote as long as I remain ber of Congress and I am, therefore, not As a matt2r of fact, our selective-service a Member. No act of Congress will ever willing to criticize Gday that am~nd­ the House, it is a known fact that Presi- Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I . dent Truman promised to permit those ment is still in full force and effect. yield the remainder of my time, 3 So if we must make an issue here today '12 in charge of.the Army and Navy run the minutes, to the gentleman from Ken­ war without interference from him. it seems to me that-it is a question of tucky [Mr. MAY]. whether we shall stand by our new The Army asks him to veto this bill, so leader in the suc:::essful conduct of this Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, in 3% min­ as per his word he did what he promised. war. utes I have time to point out only one For this I admire him. · In that connection may I say that the or two things. The first thing to which The Army instructed the draft boards whole country is looking with hope to I desire to call the attention of the Mem­ to take all farm boys they could get for this new man who has ascended to the bers is a matter that has not yet been the Army. They have robbed the farms highest office in the land. The Con­ discussed here. The Tydings amend­ of workers. The war with Germany is gress has repeatedly shown its affection ment, which wil remain in the law if about over. Food · will be needed this for this former colleague by lip service the President's veto is upheld, provides year and next in ever-increasing quanti­ up to date. Here is an opportunity to for the deferment of farm workers. It ties. So we must not rob the farmers of also provides that those who are assigned any more workers. For that reason I ~~r:der a little more than lip service, and to agriculture on deferment must re­ ~~t can be rendered on both sides of main in that occupation unless · they go am going to vote to override . the veto, ttie aisle. Aside from that, my col­ to the military service. believing I am doing the right thing for leagues, we have almost reached the America, and the fact that we must feed coveted goal of ·the European war. We The President points out in his mes­ the starving of Europe I will do the thing have waged a successful warfare. How sage here, and it cannot be denied, that that will give them more food. if the latter provision of the Tydings did we wage that warfare? No Member amendment as amended by the Senate, Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, the of Congress would undertake to say that which is the issue here, remains in the President's veto of House Joint Resolu­ the Congress was responsible for the law, it deprives him of the authority to tion 106, commonly known as ttle Flan­ conduct of that warfare. The part that nagan resolution, will bring gloom and Congress played in reaching that coveted pass upon the question of the essentiality of any man deferred by a local . draft despair to many of my-- constituents who goal has been its recognition of the fact have been carrying on their farm proj­ that the war could not be run by Con­ board or by an appeals board. It not only does that, it deprives. the draft ects under great handicaps. The farm­ gress but had to be conducted by those ers, to whom I refer, do not ask that their to whom we delegated the authority and boards of the power to reclassify men. Therefore, if a man is once removed from sons be deferred from military duty be­ the power to wage that war. In that cause they happen to be engaged in an the Congress has been wise. For all of the farm, the President can do nothing us must realize that politics and war do about it. _ agricultural pursuit. · With them it is not mix. Congress has furnished the Further, if you find a hardship case just a question of carrying on· the farm sinews of war. The President-the of an essential worker who has been de­ to furnish the food and the fiber essen• Commander in Chief-and his staff have ferred by the draft board, and the Gov­ tial to feed our people and our armed conducted the war. Otherwise, I fear ernment desires to appeal or the indi­ forces. They have made every effort. that we would not be as near to the vidual concerned desires to appeal, under Many of the boys from the farms have coveted goal of peace as we are now. the law as originally written the President enlisted in the service. Many have been Mr. Speaker, as one who has consist­ is deprived by this provision of the right inducted without any thought of defer­ ently supported our late and. lamented to pass on the correctness of the deci­ ment. I resent some of the statements President as Commander in Chief of our sion of the local draft board or the ap­ macie here today that might be cnnstrued a;rmed forces in the conduct of these ;Eeals board. as indicating that some of our farm boJtt~ 4164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 are seeking immunity from service be­ in the spirit of aiding in this request that going to ship an the food we can to the hind a general cloak provided by the the Tydings amendment was placed rest te the world whether or not we have Tydings amendment. upon the statute books. After a general sufficient food supplies for our own peo­ The Congress enacted the Selective survey and reappraisement of the food ple, and regardless of our· dwindling sup­ Training and Service Act of 1940. Do situation throughout the world, both the plies and the growing dissatisfaction in not forget that word "selective," which House and Senate passed this Flannagan our own country. indicates the intent of the Congress that resolution as a war necessity. This was The greatest immediate problem we all persons of specific groups or classes not hasty action. Extensive B-earings have and the greatest duty we have to are not to be inducted. It was intended were held. Committee investigations perform to ourselves and the world is that those who can best serve in the war were made to ascertain the truth. to produce food now with all our might, Effort on the home front should be se­ Nevertheless, the President in his veto just as we have been fighting with all lected to do that work. Those who can message entirely disregards all . these our might to win this war. best serve in the military force are to factors. There is not anything we can do They tell us ·we now have upward of be selected for that work. Under the about it, however, except to override the one-half million German prisoners of Tydings amendment the local draft veto. That will take a two-thirds vote. war in this country that will be put to hoards, living in the communities where I am sure that more than a majority of · work, and they tell us further that they_ the draftees reside, knowing the facts, the House will vote to override the veto. will be bringing in 300,000 more. If they and in a position to get all the evidence, I realiz3 that when the Presidential whip can do the job, who wants them? I do are charged with the responsibility of de­ is cracked that it is very difficult for some not want one on my farm, living with ciding whether the particular draftee is Members not to respond. my family and I do not know of any essential to carrying on the particular I think we were all surprised when the other farmer that does want them. The farm endeavor in which he is engaged. gentleman from Virginia [Mr. FLANNA­ only place they can be used at any time The Congress intended that this decision GAN] read from the printed CONGRESSION .. in the production of food is where they should be made by the local draft board, AL RECORD showing that when the Tyd­ can be employed in groups under guard, which is in reality a local jury passin·g ings amendment was being considered in and from experience in my own district, on the evidence in each case. that body our President was then Sen­ where there has been located a German After the enactment of the Tydings ator Truman, and was recorded in favor prison camp for more than a year, · I amendment, the Selective Service Ad­ of the Tydings amendment. In the light know that they are not dependable, they ministrator and the local draft boards of the debate at that time, it would seem are arrogant, and when the day is done adhered to the plain language of this that no one in the Senate placed the they have accomplished very little work. amendment until January 2, 1945, when construction on the draft law, as amend­ So the solution to our food problem General Hershey issued a directive ed, which this veto message now places iies in the passage of the Flannagan changing the policy theretofore followed. upon that same law and the Tydings amendment, which would make effective From that time on there has been mis­ amendment. the Tydings amendment, which was sup­ understandi:gg, confusion, and in many· I hope that his veto message will not posed to exempt farm workers from .instances, consternation as to just what be sustained. military service, whether or not it means type of directive would be forthcoming .1\~r. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, the issue standing by the Commander in Chief . next. Indeed, the condition was so se­ here is not one of supporting the Com­ We must not forget that he supported rious and the last interpretation of the mander in Chief or party loyalty. Nei­ the Tydings amendment when it was Tydings amendment was so contrary to ther is it a question of exempting farm passed while he was a Member of the what the Congress intended that both boys from military duty. The question Senate, and if it was necessary then, it the Senate and the House by overwhelm­ simply is one of production of food and is a thousand times more necessary to-, ing votes passed the Flannagan resolution should be dealt with only on that basis. day. Surely the President has been ill­ reiterating, rea:tfirming, and making clear Many dairy herds have been disposed advised in this matter. beyond a question of a doubt the pur­ of, and many farms are lying idle at Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I pose of the Congress so far as deferring this very moment and spring planting all move the previous question. absolutely essential farm help is con­ over the country has been held up and The previous question was ordered. cerned. curtailed because of the lack of farm The SPEAKER. The question is, Will Mr. Speaker, this most extraordinary help · and the threat of still more farm the House, on reconsideration, pass the message of the President makes no ref­ help being taken into the armed forces. bill, tl:ie objections of the President to erence to the Tydings amendment, and With the war in Europe rapidly com­ the contrary notwithstanding? it would seem to indicate that whoever ing to a close one can scarcely see the Under the Constitution, this vote must wrote the message for the President has need for inducting any more men into be determined by the yeas and nays. never heard of it. The President states: the armed forces, We have been told, The question was taken; and there I do not believe that it was the real in­ and we believe, that if we want to win were-yeas 186, nays 177, not voting 69, tent of the Congress that agricultural work­ the peace, we will have to supply food as follows: ers should be given a blanket deferment as a · in ever-increasing amounts to war-torn group. [Roll No. 68] Europe for perhaps several years to YEAS-186 Of course Congress never had any such come. Adams Chapman Flannagan intent and this resolution· now before us From very reliable sources we have at Allen, Til. Chelf Fuller • makes, as clear as crystal, exactly what this moment the information that 200,- Andersen, Chenoweth Gamble H. Carl Chiperfield Gardner was int(J[lded in the original Tydings 000,000 people in Europe are desperately Anderson, Calif. Church Gathings amendment. in need of food. We are told by Mem­ Andresen, Clason Gavin If this veto message is sustained by the bers of Congress just returned from Eu­ August H. Clements Gearhart Andrews, Ala. Clevenger Gerlach Congress, the Tydings amendment will rope that in one single country over there Andrews, N.Y. Cole, Kans. Gibson not mean what it says. It will have no 20,000,000 of people are just roaming Arends Cole, Mo. Gillespie force or effect. The Congress will have around with no food and no homes. Arnold Cole, N.Y. Gillette Auchincloss Courtney Gillie used useless words, and the local draft Famine and pestilence will no doubt slay Baldwin, N.Y. Crawford Goodwin boards must determine whether each millions, regardless of all our efforts. Barrett, Wyo. Cunningham Graham farm boy is more essential in the mili­ Aside from the moral obligation we Beall Curtis Grant, Ind. Bender Dol1iver Gregory tary service than he is in raising food on have of supplying . that food, we must Bennet, N.Y. Domengeaux Griffiths the farm. · remember that in every conference yet Bennett, Mo. Dondero Gross I regret this veto exceedingly. I feel held by the Allied Powers we committed Bishop Dworshak Gwinn,N. Y. Blac!':!2ey Earthman Gwynne, Iowa sure it will bring much distress to our ourselves to supply them this food. Bolton Elliott Hagen · people in the days that are ahead. We Upon making good these commitments Boykin Ellis Hale are told that there is a food shortage. depends not only on the saving of mil­ Brehm Ell£worth Hall, Brown, Ohio E:saesser Edwin Arthur We all know from practical experience lions of' lives but the stability of the Brumbaugh Elston Halleck that this is true. The authorities in the governments they will set up. Then, Buffett Engel, Mich. Hand ad:ni.inistration tell the farmers that too, we have to remember that our Na­ Byrnes, Wis. Engle. Calif, Harness, Ind. Campbell Fellows Henry they must produce more food if the ac­ tion's honor is at stake in the fulfillment Carlson Fenton Herter tual requirements are to be met. It was of our obligations. So as I see it, we are Case, N.J. Fernandez Heselton 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4165 Hess 11.1:cGregor Rogers, Mass. Healy Manasco Short 688) relating to the Inter-American Sta.. Hill McKenzie Schwabe, Mo. Hobbs Mason Stewart Iioeven McMillen, Til. Scrivner Holifield Matt Thomason tistical Institute. Hoffman Martin, Iowa Shafer Izac Pfeifer Traynor The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Holmes, Mass. Martin, Mass. Sharp Jackson Plumley _ Vorys, Ohio the request of the . gentleman from Holmes, Wash. Merrow Simpson, Til. Jarman Powell Walter Hope Michener Simpson, Pa, Judd Quinn, N.Y. White ~exas? Horan Miller, Nebr. Smith, Ohio · Kelly, Ill. Rains Wilson There was no objection. Howell Mundt Smith, Va. Kilburn Richards Winter Hull Murray, Tenn. Smith, Wis. King Rivers Wolfenden, Pa, EXTENSION OF REMARKS Jenkins Murray, Wis. Springer Kinzer Roe, N. Y. Wood Jennings Norrell Stefan Lesinski Ryter Woodhouse Mr. BROOKS asked and was given Jensen O'Hara Stevenson McGehee Savage Worley permission to extend his remarks in the Johnson, Cali!, O'Konskl Stockman McMiJla.n, S. C. Schwabe, Okla. Johnson, Ill. Philbin Sumner, Ill. Maloney Sheridan RECORD and include an editorial from the Johnson, Ind. Ph1llips Taber ·Kansas City Star entitled "Flood Threat Jones Pittenger Talbot So, two-thirds not having voted in fa .. and the Answer," and further to extend Jonkman Ploeser -t- Tn.lle vor thertof, the veto of the President Kearney Powers Taylor his remarks and include an editorial from Keefe Ramey Thorn was sustained and the bill was rejected. the Union Postal Clerk entitled "Com .. Knutson Rankin Thomas, N.J. The Clerk announced· the following mon Justice Long Delayed." LaFollette Reece, Tenn. Tibbott pairs: Landis Reed, lll. Mr. GARDNER asked and was given Larcade Reed,N. Y. VursellWadsworth .Jo-t~· · On this vote: permission to extend his remarks in the Latham Rees, Kans. Welchel Mr. Mason and Mr. Schwabe of Oklahoma. RECORD in connection with a resolution Lea Rich West for, with Mrs. Douglas of California, against. he introduced today. Lecompte Rizley Whitten Mr. Traynor and Mr. Winter for, with Mr. I,eFevre Robe1·tson, Wigglesworth Mr. VOORHIS of California asked and Lemke N.Dak. Winstead Quinn of New York, against Lewis Robertson, Va. Wolcott Mr. Kinzer and Mr. Plumley for, with Mr. was given permission to extend his re· Luce Robslon, Ky. Wolverton, N. J, Holifield against. marks in the RECORD in two instances, McConnell Rockwell Woodruff, Mich. and to include in one a news release. McCowen Rodgers, Pa. Mr. Short and Mr. Dirksen for, with Mr, McDonough Rogers, Fla. Bloom against Mr. DOYLE asked and was given per· Mr. Wilson and Mr. Wolfenden of Penn· NAYS-177 mission· to extend his remarks in the sylvania for, with Mr. Roe of New York, RECORD and include a resolution from Abernethy Gordon O'Brien, lll. against. Allen, La. Gore O'Brien, Mich. the San Francisco Post about veterans. Anderson, Gorski O'Neal Mr. Bradley of Michigan and Mr. Butler Mr. GILLIE asked and was given per .. N. Mex. Gossett O'Toole for, with Mr. Pfeifer against. Angell Granallan Outland mission to extend his remarks in the Baldwin, Md. Granger Pace General pairs: RECORD on the food situation. Barrett, Pa. Grant, Ala. Patman Bates, Ky. Green Patrick Mr. Maloney with Mr. Eaton, Mr. FULTON

4166 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 Mr. CASE of South Dakota asked and Ohio [Mr. RAMEY] is recognized for 30 ovens and burial pits? Would this not was given permission to .extend his re-· minutes. have relieved the state of the charge of marks in the Appendix and to include a Mr. RAMEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask so many bodies, and also have released letter from the Secretary of the Interior. unanimous consent that the gentle­ additional food and clothing and trans­ Mr. LAFOLLETTE asked and was given woman from Connecticut [Mrs. LucEJ portation, however little, to the German permission to extend his remarks in the may be permitted to address the House people? To say that the Nazis enjoyed Appendix of the RECORD and to include at this time. being brutal-enjoyed witnessing the an editoriaL The SPEAKER. Is there objection to slow agonies of these camps full of the Mr. MERROW asked and· was given the request of the gentleman from living dead-is a partial answer, but it is permission to extend his remarks in the Ohio? not the whole answer. However, much Appendix of the RECORD and to include There was no objection. individual jailers delighted in torturing therein a concurrent resolution passed by The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ their Victims in these camps, the Ger­ the New Hampshire state Legislature. der of the House. the gentlewoman from man people as a whole did not partake Mr. ZIMMERMAN asked and was given Connecticut [Mrs. LucEl is recognized. of their ,pleasures, because they did not, permission to extend his remarks in the , for 15 minutes. as a whole, know about them. What in­ RECORD and include therein a resolution quiries I have made of plain Germans in adopted by the board of directors of the GERMAN CONCENTRATION CAMPS the vicinity of these camps, and else­ Memphis Cotton Exchange. Mrs. LUCE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to where in Germany, convince me that LEGISLATIVK PROGRAM address the House briefly on the subject they were not aware of the ingenious of the Buchenwald and Nordhausen adventures in sadism practiced there, Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Concentration Camps. because theNazi Party was eager to con­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro­ The prison~rs of the Buchenwald ceal them. At Buchenwald, as at other ceed for 1 minute. Camp, near Weimar, Germany, were lib­ camps~ there were model visitors' sec­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to erated by Ameriean forces on April 11. tions, complete with sC-reened prisoners. the request of the gentleman from Shortly afterward, at the invitation of Those of the so-called good German Massachusetts? General Eisenhower, a delegation of people, who had sufficient influence to There was no objection. Members of Parliament visited the camp demand an inspection-and few had that Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. on the same day that Representatives authority-were shown what the jailers Speaker, I take this time to. inquire as to KUN:KEL and HALL and I did. When they wished them to see. I am told that it the program for tomorrow and next returned to London they made a report was these sections which were shown to week. I understand there have been on conditions as they found them. I ask international Red Cross visitors as well. some changes made. unanimous consent to introduce this re­ And how often have you, hearing such Mr. McCORMACK. Tomorrow there port into the RECORD at the end o.f this atrocity stories, said, ''I can't believe is a resolution coming out of the Com­ statement. I can testify that it is accu­ . themf', even though the Nazis were our mittee on Appropriations to which I rate in every detail and in no sense enemies. How much more natural that previously referred 'in connection with exaggerated. the German people should be disinclined " the seven and one-half billion dollars, Existence for a human being in the to believe them, and to discount them as. repealing a portion of the appropriation Buchenwald and Nordhausen Camps was wild exaggerations, or deliberate anti­ and contract authorization available to a descent into the bowels of hell. No German propaganda. I do not suggest the Maritime Commission. I under­ American housed in his comfortable flesh for a minute that the German people do stand that may take an hour or an hour and his person, even in jail, protected not bear the full responsibility for these and a half, The bill H. R. 693, the rail­ from infamies by a commonly held code foul aimes of their countrymen. They road land-grant bill, will be called up of decency, can imagine what grisly tor­ do. The ignorance and apathy of the tomorrow afternoon an.d an effort wilJ tures were visited upon some of the pris­ German people about these camps were be made to dispose of that. As I remem.­ oners for the smallest infraction of the themselves crimes, in an intelligent, ber, that bill passed before by an over­ camps' inhuman disciplines. No words modern people. I am pointing out that whelming ron..:call vote. can describe them, er evoke the ghastly the explanation of why the Nazis starv~d I am not prepared to state now what sights and sounds and the unutterable their prisoners to death slowly does n0t the prog:ram.is for next week. I shall be smells that day and night afflicted all lie in a national German taste, or even in a. position to do so tomorrow. the occupants of these infernos, two a Nazi taste, for ~his particular form of Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I among many in Germany. At Buchen­ inhumanity. understand the s·o-called treaty bill is wald and at Nordhausen, as at Ordhuf, I think I know the answer to the seem­ going over? Belsen, Langenstein, Dachs;u, and other ing riddle cf the Nazi policy of slow ex­ Mr. McCORMACK. Not before Tues­ Nazi "extermination centers," the pris­ termination cf political prisoners by star­ day. I will not say next Tuesday defi­ oners died by the tens of thousands of vation. And I believe that in the answer, nitely but that is the intention at this indescribable agonies deliberately com­ and in our own full understanding of it, ·- time. pounded upon them by their jailers. lies the true and terrible significance of Mr. MARTIN o.f Massachusetts. 'l'he Nevertheless, we shall be misunderstand­ these horrible camps for future genera- legislative bill goes over to next week? ing the true significance of our Nation tions of Americans. · Mr. McCORMACK. The legislative and our times, of the filthy iniquities The whole answer is to be found in bill goes over to next week. practiced in these camps, if we view them the little German town of Nordhausen, Mr. MARTllT of Massachusetts. T-o merely as a reflection of the German which lies 5() miles north of Weimar. what day? national taste, or the Nazis' taste for vio­ Before our troops took the town of Mr. McCORMACK. I am not able to lence and brutality. It seems clear to Nordhausen .. aerial reconnaissance had state just ·now what day. I will an­ me from what I have seen myself of disclosed little war activity there. There nounce the program for next week to­ these camps, and heard about them from seemed to be some movements of flat cars morrow. our: military authorities, that the beat­ by rail, originating from the mouth of an ings, burnings. hangings, clubbings, foul abandoned salt mine, which lay at the ADJOUR.J.~NT OVER mutilations, and massacres practiced in foot of a high mountain. Nevertheless, Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I · these charnel houses were merely hellish our intelligence had constantly reported ask unanimous consent that when the interruptio.n,s of a clearly held Nazi policy a weapon factory of l.mportance in the House adjourns tomorrow it adjourn to of death by slow starvation. vidnity. It was known that prisoners meet on Monday next. from the concentration camp nearby The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Now the ordinary man of a decent were working in this factory, though how the request at the gentleman from democratic country seems to be con­ many, and on what type of weapons our Massachusetts? fronted by a.riddle when he contemplates intelligence could not determine for a Thel'e was no objection. this policy. Why. he asks, if death to long time, nor could air reconnaissance the political prisoners was the ultimate locate the factory or the movements o.f SPECIAL. ORDER Nazi aim, didn't the Nazis shoot-or workers. The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ otherwise destroy them promptly, and When the Thil!d Armored Division der of the House, the gentleman from pop them forthwith into· the burning came to No:rdhausen, they liberated the 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4167 ·- prisoners of that camp. There were of the future. There is not one who · plied them with their human fuel oil, are some 50;000 of them. They were dying does not believe that within a few years · but a preview of things to come again, at the rate of 900 daily when ·our troops such missiles can be made which can be if we do not, in the years ahead, see to arrived. Indeed, the dead and the dying hurled thousands of miles with great ac­ our own defenses, and seek at all times were difficult to tell apart in the hideous curacy upon their targets. to encourage not only' friendly relations barracks of Nordhausen. Nevertheless, Second. These diabolic weapons were with the great and little powers, but poli­ numbers of them were still capable of being made in a deep underground fac­ ticalliberty among the peoples of Europe working, and had, they said, been labor­ tory that could not be reached by bombs, and Asia. ing for the Nazis. nor surveyed by aerial reconnaisance. I America's frontiers tomorrow lie not on vVhere did they worl~? In the so­ have ~een · several underground weapon the shores of the Pacific, or the Atlantic, called abandoned salt mine. A tasl~ force factories in Germany. In all of them, nor even on the Rhine or Volga or immediately pushed forward to have a as at Nordhausen, work continued un­ Yangtze. America's frontiers of defense look at that mine. And deep in the green interrupted until a few hours before the are where they have always been-on the mountain our troops found a vast under­ arrival of our troops, in spite of con­ borders that separate the concentration­ ground network of tunnels, well lighted, centrated bombing in the vicinity, and camp states from every liberty-loving air conditioned, full of the finest modern sometimes over the subterranean fac­ country under heaven. machine tools. And on its mile-long tory itself. Any nation, bent on future Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent assembly belts they found in various aggression, could begin tomorow to dig to introduce into the R!!:CORD the report stages of complet~ness; thousands of into the sides of its timbered mountains of the Members of Parliament. V-l's and V-2's-the great secret weap­ a series of great tunnels in which to house The SPEAKER. Is there objection ons that might have destroyed Britain such war industries, secure against bom­ to the request of the gentlewoman from but for D-day. I have seen this under­ bardment, or surveillance by air. Connecticut? ground factory. It was a little Willow Third. The existence of the Nord­ There was no objection. Run in the heart of a mountain. hausen factory and its weapons was long SITE OF THE CAMP Before daybreak, thousands of pris­ kept both a national and international Buchenwald camp is set in hilly, well­ oners were taken to work there. They secret, because the Nazis were able to wooded country about 15 minutes' drive from did not leave it until after nightfall. employ in it slave labor doomed to death. Weimar. It dates from 1934. It is badly laid More thousands never left it,. until, too My colleagues, at Nordhausen, we can out, on sloping, uneven ground. The walls weak to work, they were chucked into see how an aggressor state of the future and paths are ill kept; at the time of our trucks and sent back to Nordhausen, soon may be able to arm secretly against us, visit they were covered with dust, which or our allies, and resist detection for blew about in the wind, and in wet weather to become bundles of pitiful bodies for the camp must be deep in mud. The ordi­ the oven or burial _pits. Altogether · 20,- years. This is the terrible lesson of nary huts of the camp are roughly con­ 000 prisoners worked and died in that Buchenwald and Nordhausen to our Na­ structed of wood, with earth floors, without subterranean factory. tion. window:::; or sanitation. (Latrines- consist of For the Nordhausen camp provided What -have we learned from this les­ poles suspended over trenches.) There are th:s factory with a great pool of slave son? We have learned that we must also some more solidly built brick blocks, of labor, slaves who could be counted upon destroy totally the monstrous Nazi party two stories. Over the main gate of the camp to take the secrets of the diabolic weapons which conceived such a policy. Ger­ is the inscription "Recht unrecht--mein upon which they worked into the burning · many must never again be allowed to Vaterland" (My country right or wrong). arm in secret, with the help of slave The size of the camp is indicated by the kilns with them. And slow starvation fact that its maximum capacity was said to made it certain that they should all, in labor, against Europe and America. have been 120,000. On April1, last, the num­ the end, die on the job-die, however, But if we are to think and talk ber in camp was 80,813. A few days before at a rate which would allow of their realistically of peace in the future, and the arrival of the American forces (April 11) replacement as other political prisoners if we are going to work with our eyes the Nazis removed a large number of prison­ were taken. wide open for the security of America ers, variously estimated at from 18,000 to and the building of a decent .world, we 22,000. Some of those whom they wished to It remained for the Nazis to hit upon remove (because they knew too much) were this terrible device of using the blood and must remember that these things which have happened in Germany can happen able to hide from them. It was impossible fat of men as one uses fuel oil to stoke to form any accurate estimate of the per­ secret furnaces and fire secret weapons. elsewhere. I believe that they can only centages of various nationalities still rtlmain­ scrapping the human containers when happen in nations where concentration ing in the camp; we met many and the fuel in them was exhausted. camps flourish, and where there is no non-Jewish Germans, Poles, . freedom of speech or press, and no writ Czechs, French, Belgians, Russians, and Torture for torture's· sake is nothing of habeas corpus for the individual. No others. new . in the world. The Coliseum at country can secretly arm against its A detailed report presente<:I to us by repre­ Rome has witnessed even more senseless neighbors or the world, where its citizens sentatives of an anti-Fascist committee orgies of sadism than those intermittently are free in their movements and speech, stated that, up to April 1, the total number practiced by the jailers of these camps. and where no political slave labor exists. of those who had died or been killed at But carefully calculated starvation of . Buchenwald, or immediately on removal The defense of America, as well as the therefrom to subsidary extermination camps, hundreds of thousands of human beings defense of humanity itself, lies tomor­ in the building of a modern aggressive was 51,572-at least 17,000 of them since row as it did yesterday, in the greatest January 1, 1945. The camp has now been war machine:...._this surely is something possible measure of political liberty for thrown open, and a certain number of its new and terrible in the world. all Europeans. If the world organiza­ inmates must have left independently. De­ Let all Americans who care deeply about tion we hope to create at San Francisco tailed camp records, including nominal rolls, the future security of the United States is really to prevent war and aggression were left behind by the Nazis; but at the think hard about the three tremendous it must begin by attacking the moral time of our visit it had not been possible to facts set forth in the German town of start drawing up rolls of those still in the heart of the problem: The liberty of the camp, the American medical and sanitary Nordhausen. individual. It must pledge itself to do authorities being naturally preoccupied with First. The most ingenious and devas­ away eventually with the imprisonment the cleaning of the camp (a task performed tating weapons yet tried on earth were of men anywhere in the world, for their partly by German civilians from the neigh­ being made there in vast quantities. political convictions. Meanwhile, the borhood, parties of whom are also brought And yet these missiles, which have al­ names and histories of all the political daily to see what has been done in their ready challenged the supremacy of the prisoners of the great powers, as well as name and in their midst), and with prob­ heavy bomber as a strategic weapon, are the small, should be registered with a lems of feeding and medical attention. still in the experimental stage. Science world council, and their physical disposal CATEGORIES OF PRISONERS has hardly scratched the devastating pos­ and welfare carefully supervised by an Although the inmates of the camp are sibilities of radio-guided, motor and jet­ international body. commonly referred to as "prisoners," they propelled missiles, with tremendous war should not be confused with military prison­ Otherwise, such prisoners may, and ers of war. They were in three main cate­ heads. There is not an airman in Europe probably will, be put to the sinister pur­ gories: (a) political internees and Jews from with whom I have spoken who does not poses which I have described. Germany itself; (b) as the Third Reich ex­ view such weapons as were being made The underground factories at Nord­ panded, political internees and Jews from at Nordhausen as the decisive weapons h~usen with the prison camps that sup- Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, etc.; (c) 4168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 from 1940 onward, men and youths imported rags were being burned in various parts of CREMATORIUM EVIDENCE for forced labor from the various occupied the camp; the huts were still verminous. In the crematorium wa£ a row of capacious countries. There were few Britons at any There had been similar overcrowding in arched ovens, each still containing calcined time in the camp; one estimate was "a few block 61, which had been used as a rough ribs, skulls, and spinal columns. The pris­ dozen." Almost all of these were civilians. hospital, chiefly for those suffering from oner in charge of putting the bodies into We were told of one French parachutist, tuberculosis or dysentery. This hut was the ovens had one of the privileged jobs, since Lt. Maurice Pertschuk, who was taken pri­ about 80 feet long by 24 feet wide; estimates it carried with it the advantage of a private soner in 1943, transferred in civililj.Il clothes of its normal sick population varied from room, with furniture and lace curtains, ad­ from Comph~gne to Buchenwald, and there 700 to 1,300. Four, five, or six men, including joining the crematorium. He told us that he hanged, shortly before the · U~ited States those who had undergone operations (per­ was a Communist from Berlin , aged 30, n amed troops arrived. We also obtained a docu­ formed without anaesthetics by prisoner doc­ Kurt Faulhaber. He h ad been in the camp ment, signed by Squadron Leader F. Yeo­ tors on a crude operating table at one end of for 10 years, but had obtained this job only Thomas, Capt. Harry Poole, and Lt. Stephane the hut, in full view of the other patients), last January. He stated that two other Hessel (of the French War Ministry), testify­ had regularly to lie in each of the small shelf German prisoners had been mainly engaged ing to the fact that they were saved from cubicles. Here, too, there were no mattresses. in hanging the condemned. Their names execution "by amazingly clever planning, The excreta of the dysentery patients dripped were Heinrode (of Hamburg) and Josef :Mul­ under perilous circumstances,.. by Heinz down from tier to tier. ler (of Dortmund). They had been taken Baumeister. of Dortmund, and Dr. Eugene If the living were strong enough, they away by the Nazis when they left. No Jews, Kogan, of Vienna, who are still inmates of pushed the dead out into the gangway. we were told, would ever have been allotted the camp. Each night the dead were thrown into a these special tasks. Although the work of cleaning the camp small annex at one end of the hut and each We were told ef scientific experiments, had gone on busily for over a week before our morning collected and taken in carts to the such as the infecting of prisoners with typhus visit, and conditions must therefore have crematorium or, if required as specimens, to in order to obtain serum from them, by the been improved considerably, our immediate the pathological laboratory of the Nazi and continuing impression was of intense camp's Nazi doctors; but obtained no direct doctors. and unchallengeable evidence of this. We general squalor; the odor of dissolution and Many of the ordinary prisoners worked in disease still pervaded the entire place. One saw a laboratory with a large number of glass a large munition factory near the camp or in jars containing preserved specimens of of the first of a number of huts that we the quarries; these were able to obtain more entered was one of the best; it was divided human organs. The walls of the laboratory than the basic ration of a bowl of watery soup and other medical rooms were decorated with into small rooms with cement floor and win­ and a chunk of dry bread each day. Only dows, four of which had been used, the those possessing the oblong metal disk marked death-masks of, we were told, the more in­ American authorities informed us, as a "Essmarke KLB" were entitled to draw ra­ teresting pris.oners-many with features of brothel to which the higher-grade prison­ tions. We saw paper camp money which remarkable nobility and refinement. ers-those employed in various supervisory . prisoners could earn by work and spend in It was alleged that various experiments in jobs, with extra rations 1\lld other privi­ the canteen. Some whom we spoke to paid sterilization had been practised on Jews. leges-were allowed to resort for 20 minutes tribute to the precision with which the Two of our number were taken to the bed, at a time. R. A. F. had bombed the factory (killing, it in the improvised American hospital, of a IN A SEMICOMA was said, about 200 Nazis, 400 forced workers, Polish Jew, No. 23397, aged 29, who had been In general, Buchenwald Camp was for men and 150 Nazi women resident near the camp, . operated on in this way; they saw the scars and boys only; the women in this brothel including the camp commandant's wife and of the operation, and confirm that the left were prisoners from other camps, induced by daughter). · testicle had been removed. Other subjects of the operation were ~aid to have died; and threats and promises of better treatment to EIGHT HUNDRED CHILDREN become prostitutes, but subsequently killed. we were assured that the policy of extermi­ Children, like adults, were made to work 8 nating Jews had long superseded that of When the Americans arrived, 15 women were or more hours a day, 7 days a week. We were found in this brothel. They were trans­ castrating them. We were told that Frau told that there were some 800 children still Koch, the wife of the German commandant, ferred to the care· of the Burgomaster of in the camp. One 14-year-old boy, Abraham Weimar. collected articles made of human skin. We Kirchenblat, originally of Radom, Poland, obtained pieces of hide which have since been This hut was one of those now used• as impressed members of our party as an in­ transit hospitals for some of the worst cases identified by Sir Bernard Spilsbury as being telligent and reliable witness; he stated that human skin. One of these pieces clearly of malnutrition. Many were unable to he had seen his 18-year-old brother shot dead speak; they lay in a semicoma, or following formed part of a lampshade. and his parents taken away, he believed for One of the statements made to us most us with their eyes. Others spoke freely, cremation; he never saw them again. displaying sores and severe scars and frequently by prisoners was that condition~ The mortuary block consisted of two floors, in other camps, particularly those in eastern bruises which could have been caused by ground floor and basement. Access to the kicks and blows. They lay on the floor on Europe, were far worse than at Buchenwald. basement was by a steep stone staircase or The worst camp of all was sa!Cl by many to and under quilts. All of them were in a by a vertical chute below a trap-door, down state of extreme emaciation. vJe were told be at Auschwitz; these men all insisted on either of which, we were told, refractory or showing us their Auschwitz camp. numbers, by the United States authorities that, since useless prisoners would be precipitated for their arrival, the number of deaths had been execution. Hanging appears to have been the tattooed in blue on their left forearms. Or;.e reduced from about a hundred a day to regular method of killing. In the yard, near 19-year-old yout h, Joseph Berman, Latvian­ 35 on the day before our visit. a pile of white ashes, there was a gibbet; in born but English-educat ed, h ad been in sev­ The usual clothing was a ragged shirt, vest the basement we saw st rong hooks, at a eral camps; in one he had suffered the loss of or cotton jacket, beneath which protruded height of ·about 8 feet from the floor, and an­ a forefinger when a Nazl, annoyed by his thighs no thicker than norm~ wrists. One ot her gibbet. We were informed that there indolence at work, had pushed his hand into half-naked skeleton, tottering painfully had been more than 40 hooks, most of which a machine. along the passage as though on stilts, drew Nazis had removed hurriedly before leaving. SIGNS OF RECOVERY himself up when he saw our party, smiled, We were shown a heavy wooden club, about In spite of the desperate pJlysical condi­ and saluted. The medical members of our 2 feet long, which was said to have been used tion of many of the prisoners, and their long delegation expressed the opinion that a per­ for knocking out any who died slowly; it years of incarceration, there were signs of centage of them could not be expected to was stained with blood. mental as well as physical recovery. Vivid survive, even with the treatment they were The bodies were transported from this base­ slogans of greeting to the liberating armies, now receiving, and that a larger percentage, ment to the ground-floor crematorium in a though they might survive, would probably in English and many other languages, were large electric lift (similar to those used for being painted on the outside of the huts. suffer sickness and disablement for the rest stretcher-cases in hospitals). To the yard of their lives. Among those In this hut were New notice boards bore news sheets and well· outside the crematorium came the carts, designed instructional and democratic p rop­ several writers and students, and one member packed closely with tlie ordinary corpses, from of the French Deuxieme Bureau captured in aganda messages, mostly in German. Near the dysentery and other huts, mostly,stripped the entrance to the camp was a life-size Warsaw. even of the meager striped blue-and-white . The ordinary huts that we saw were lined effigy of Hitler hanging from a gibbet, with suits which were the normal camp clothing. the superscription in German: "Hitler must Qn each side with four tiers of wooden We examined the last of these cartloads shelves, supported and divided by upright that remained, awaiting the reverent individ­ die that Germany may liv~." struts. In each of the small open· cubicles­ ual burial which, on General Eisenhower's It would be impossible to praise too highly thus formed, about 6 feet in depth, 4 feet personal order, the American authorities have the selfless exertions of the One Hundred in width, and 2 feet in height, five or six obliged the inhabitants of the neighborhood and Twentieth Evacuation Hospital Unit, men had to sleep; E\'en in their wasted to provide with their own hands. The bodies under the command of Col. William E. Wil­ eondition, there was- room for them to lie were beginning to decompose, but none that liams (in charge of medical services) , assisted in one position only, on their sides. Several we could see bore the marks of violent death; by Maj. L. C. Schmuhl (in charge of sanitary of them demonstrated to us how this had all appeared, from their state of extreme services). We saw blood transfusion in p::oc­ been done. For bedclothes they had such emaciation, to have died of hunger or of ess, and learned that glucose injections were rags as they could collect. Heaps of these disease. being given and that carefully chosen diets 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4169 were supplied to prisoners incapable of di­ ·Mr. DONDERO. What did the gentle­ treated and were fairly well fed. AI~ gesting normal food. woman find the attitude of the German though they had all lost weight, they In preparing this report we have endeav­ ored to write with restraint and objectively, people to be toward England and the had received their Red Cross pa_ckages and to avoid obtruding personal reactions United States as she talked with them? with great regularity. But after Sep­ or emotional comments. We would con­ Mrs. LUCE. Again, I can only report tember and October of l~st year their clude, however, by stating that it is our con­ on my own comparatively few conversa­ food supply became more limited·, and sidered and unanimous opinion, on the evi­ tions in comparatively bad German with their Red Cross packages no longer came dence available to us, that a policy of steady Germans. But I would say that they through with regularity. They explained starvation and inhuman brutality was car­ showed neither remorse nor· regret for that themselves as due to the difficulty ried out at Buchenwald for a long period of time; and that such camps as this mark the war that they had begun. Their at­ which the Germans were having with the lowest point of degradation to which titude ·was, or so it seemed to me, that transportation, owing to the invasion. It humanity has yet descended. The memory America and Greet Britain had been ex­ does seem, from all I have heard from of what we saw and heard at Buchenwald ceedingly stupid from the point of view the prisoners I have spoken with who will haunt us ineffaceably for many years. of their own national interest to inter­ were taken by the Germans, that the vene in a war which the Germans felt treatment of military prisoners varied Mrs. LUCE. This report was pre­ to be a great crusade against Bolshe­ considerably in different camps. In sented by Lord Stanhope, Lord .Addison, vism. many of the camps they were as well R T. R. Wickham, Sir Archibald Southby, This was a marked difference from treated as could be expected. In others Mrs. Mavis Tate, Mr. Ness Edwards, Mr. the attitude of the Italian people. The they were very badly treated. It de­ S. S. Silverman, Mr. H. Graham White, Italians, it seemed to me felt that they pended on the individual camp com­ Sir Henry Morris-Jones, and Mr. T. Dri­ were wrong, that is, those Italians with mandants. I hope that our military au­ bem. whom I have spoken felt that they were thorities will soon provide us with a de- The SPEAKER. The time of the wrong to have gone into the war on tailed report on this matter. · gentlewoman from Connecticut has Hitler's side. The German people felt The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ expired. that we · were wrong to have gone into tlewoman from Connecticut has expired. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. the war against them. I must say, from Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. S!]eal~er, I ask unanimous consent that what I have heard from Germans' own Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that · the gentlewoman be permitted to pro­ ·ups, they do not seem to be a chastened, the gentlewoman be permitted to proceed ceed for 5 additional minutes. although they are certainly a beaten for 5 additional minutes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection people. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to the request of the gentleman from Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, will the the request af the gentlewoman from Massachusetts? gentlewoman yield? · Massachusetts? There was no objection. Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman There was no objection. Mr. BREHM. Mr. Speaker, will the from Pennsylvania. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. gentlewoman yield? Mr. RICH. In connection with the Speaker, will the gentlewoman yield? · Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman. gentlewoman's visit to the subterranean Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentlewo­ from Ohio. • factories, can she tell us the extent of man from Massachusetts. Mr. BREHM. The gentlewoman the area that those factories covered? Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Am stated at the beginning of her talk that Mrs. LUCE. As to the factory at Nord­ I correct in assuming that the conditions she was confident from her observations hausen, I do not know the actual sta­ in the concentration camps were even that the German people, as a whole, were tfstics on the area of the factory but it worse before the gentlewoman and the nqt aware of what was going on, and took us 15 minutes to drive through the other Members of Congress saw them, that those atrocities did not reflect the long central tunnel in a jeep, at about that they were cleaned up somewhat true sentiment of the German people. 20 miles an hour. It seemed to me that when you arrived there? Would the gentlewoman please comment the main tunnel was a mile long, and Mrs. LUCE. By the time I arrived at as to the reactions of the German people certainly the many transverse corridors the Nordhausen and Buchenwald camps after these atrocities were committed? were a quarter of a mile long. And they were very much cleaned up. There This question is prompted by the fact, there were many, many of those corri­ were still a great many dead bodies piled as appeared in a newspaper article, that dors, housing a great variety of machine in wagons in the courtyards. and there when they were shown these atrocities tools and worl{ rooms. · were evidences everywhere of former filth and told about them, that they simply Mr. RICH. How deep under the sur­ and dirt and suffering. But the masses shrugged their shoulders and said they face of the earth were they? of the dead had been taken away, and all were political enemies. VVill the gentle­ Mrs. LUCE. That I cannot tell you, those in need of urgent medical care who woman please comment on that? but I can tell you that there was a large could be moved had been taken by the , Mrs. LUCE. I can only comm.ent on mountain on top of them. They could Red Cross and military to hospitals. what I myself have heard about those not possibly have been penetrated by th~ Nevertheless, there were still a hundred concentration camps. I was told by highest explosives in the world. or so men too weak to move at Buchen­ some of our military authorities that Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker; will the wald who were lying on the floor of the when General Patton ordered the citizens gentlewoman yield? barracks on mattresses. They were be­ of Weimar to go and look at the concen­ Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman ing---so to speak---spoon fed very care­ tration camp, that many of the men and from Minnesota. fully by the Red Cross people. I talked women fainted, became desperately ill Mr. KNUTSON. Can the gentlewom­ with at least 20 of these prisoners in to their stomachs, and expressed them­ an explain to the House how it is that we German and in French. There is no selves as being horrified at what they saw kept getting reports from the Swiss Red shadow of a doubt in my mind that the there. It seems, however, difficult to be­ Cross that Germany was complying with conditions in those camps were indescrib­ lieve that the people in the immediate the Convention in the care of ably awful before we arrived. vicinity of the camp were not aware that American war prisoners? We find now Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Has these wretched people who went back that they were starving and many died the gentlewoman any idea how many and forth to work in trucks to the fac­ from malnutrition. more such camps there are like the ones tories and stone quarry in the vicinity Mrs. LUCE. I am sorry I cannot give she saw in Germany? were starving. But it is perfectly pos­ you the authoritative facts about that. Mrs. LUCE. We already know of the sible that the mass of the German peo­ I can only repeat what I was told in existence of 10 or 12 very large ones. I ple themselves had no knowledge of the Germany at the time. For example, I have named some of them already. There heinous brutalities that took place be­ talked with two Americans who had been are more being discovered every day. I hind the barbed wire enclosur:es of the in a prison for American and British air am told that the most horrible of them camps. officers in . · They had bee:n all were the camps that were in Silesia. Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, will the there well over a year when they escaped. and Poland, which the Russians have gentlewomen yield? . They told me that there were 10,000 liberated . Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman American air officers in that camp, and Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. from Michigan. that until last October they were well Speaker, will the gentlewoman yield?.. 4170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 Mrs. LUCE. l yield to the gentleman Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. CAPPER has given thoughtful attention from Minnesota. Speaker, will the gentlewoman yield? to this all-important n1atter, and well Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman deserves the praise due him. the gentlewoman give us some idea as to from South Dakota. My own purpose in introducing a reso­ the food situation in the liberated coun- Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The gen- lution to provide for the establishment tries? · tlewoman has mentioned the reaction of of uniform marriage and divorce laws is Mrs. LUCE. From what I have seen some of the Germans to the scenes that serious. I believe that Congress must in France and Belgium and in Italy, and, they saw. Would the gentlewoman favor act, and act now, to drive a wedge into of course, .in devastated parts of occupied and think it -salutary if the German pea­ the growing practice of making a Germany, the food situation is very ter- ple generally were made to see pictures mockery of marriage and divorce. rible indeed, especially in the towns and of and see the actual conditions in these OWE IT TO OUR RETURNINf! '"'~VICEMEN in the big cities. camps? Happily, our men and women on the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Are the Mrs. LUCE. I think it would have a fighting fronts will soon be returning people in those countries expecting the very salutary effect if they could all be home from their magnificent achieve­ United States to supply them with food lined up and sent to the movie theaters ment abroad. Home--the word itself is so they can keep alive? to witness the horrors of those camps. a magic incentive to those who left it to Mrs. LUCE. They are boping with all Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen- fight for it, thousands of miles away. their hearts we will be able to send them tlewoman yield? Home--to our fighting men it means a food. The crux of the problem, I believe, Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman new appreciation of the simple comfort is not so much food, as transportation. from Missouri. and security that for months and years Their transportation systems are totally Mr. BELL. · Did the gentlewoman see they have dreamed of returning to. destroyed. It seems to me they .would any American soldiers in the Buchenwald It is not too much to say that the . be able to feed themselves more than we camp? amendment I now propose is a provision expect at this moment, if we could rap- Mrs. LUCE. Yes; I did. The camp . to safeguard the security of our return­ idly restore some of their transportation was full of outraged G. I. visitors, who ing soldiers and the children of war con­ facilities so that they could bring thei_r certainly knew what this war was about ditions. Those of us who stayed behind own produce to market. after they had seen Buchenwald. to fight the war on the home front have Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Did the The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- . a double responsibility to lay tl;le ground gentlewoman see if they were putting in tlewoman from Connecticut has again work for a safe future for the institu­ their crops in the areas which she expired. tions they sacrificed to defend. visited? The SPEAKER. Under previous order It was Benjamin Disraeli who said that Mrs. LUCE. . They were in France, of of the House, the gentleman from Ohio while "individualities may form commu­ course, but certainly not in Germany, [Mr. RAMEY] is recognized for 30 minutes. nities, it is institutions alone that can because our armies were moving forward UNIFORM MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE - create a nation." too rapidly and overrunning the country. LAWS If we do not preserve our institutions, All the young able-bodied men had either our Nation itself will crumb!~. The in­ been captured· or were fleeing ahead of Mr. RAMEY. Mr. Speaker, House stitution of the American home is one our armies. Germany is doomed, I be- Joint Resolution 102 proposes an amend­ of our most fundamental. It is not a lieve, to suffer a terrible famine next· ment to the Constitution providing in mere platitude to say that we must con­ winter. simple language that- stantly be on guard. against the break­ ! should like to say at this point that " The Congress shall have power to establish down of our basic institutions. much of the talk about a hard versus a uniform laws with respect to marriage and Few will deny that at the present soft peace for Germany is academic. divorce. period in our history we face a post-war Germany cannot avoid having a hard There has long been a serious need problem of rehabilitation which staggers peace, if we did nothing else to her from for uniform marriage and divorce laws. the imagination to perceive. The re­ here out. Germany is an area of destruc­ Mine is not the first proposal. Others building task we face is not one of mere tion that defies anyone's imagination. were introduced at the time of the last physical proportions. Enormous re­ All of its large cities are·obliterated, most World War and immediately following. sponsibilities will arise for rebuilding of its rn.anpower is in captivity, and its One of the most sincere proponents of human souls. Millions of our American transportation system is utterly de­ this reform was Judge Gordon Pierce citizens have had their whole lives torn stroyed. Codd, former and judge in De­ up by the roots. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, will troit, Mich., who was elected to Con­ We must see to it that solid soil is pre­ "the gentlewoman yield? gress on the Republican ticket in 1920 pared for the replanting and regrowth of Mrs. LUCE. I yield to the gentleman on the particular promise that he would those roots. Our institutions must be from New York. · introduce a resolution proposing a con­ kept on so firm a foundation that they Mr. DICKSTEIN. Does the gentle­ stitutional amendment authorizing Con­ will weather the storm of reconversion to woman exonerate the German people as gress to establish universal marriage and. the peace we have so long awaited. If a whole as not knowing what was going -divorce laws. When his resolution failed the American home falls victim to the in­ on? of passage, he r~fused to run for reelec .. evitable confusion and disruption of the Mrs. LUCE. I thought I made it very tion. He died of a broken heart, aware reconversion period, then a tragedy of clear that I do not exonerate them as a that sincerity of purpose is insufficient singular proportions will have sapped the whole for their wicked failure to inform to accomplish reform. strength of our Nation. themselves of the deeds of their leaders. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER has been. urg­ What has this to do with a simple pro­ . Mr. DICKSTEIN. Does the gentle­ ing the adoption of a constitutional posal to make our marriage and divorce woman believe they are fit people to be amendment to provide for uniform mar­ laws uniform? Just this-a chain is no .admitted to this country under a quota? riage and divorce laws for some time. stronger than its weakest link; we have Under the 1924 quota law they are the While he would prefer to have the States many weak links in our chain of 49 mar­ second preferred country whose people adopt uniform laws, he says that he riage and divorce codes which bind up 'may be admitted to this country. Does realizes this is a hopeless proposition and the homes of the Nation. We have one the gentlewoman believe the Nazis should 'so is backing a constitutional amendment weak link in particular-the loophole of be permitted to enter this country under ·to give Congress the power to establish ·Nevada law. ·the quota presently existing, after peace uniform laws. Senator CAPPER has intra- DIVORCE RATES obtains? . duced both Senate Joint Resolution 47 to I do not speak from unfamiliarity with Mrs. LUCE. No Nazi should be allowed amend the Constitution, and Senate bill the tragedies of lax marriage and divorce ·to enter this country, and if there are · 726, a detailed bill to provide for uniform ·rules; For 17 years, as judge of the mu­ any here, they should be sent away. regulation of marriage and divorce nicipal court in Toledo, Ohio, I had a Mr. DICKSTEIN. They should be within the States-a suggested program great deal of experience with the prob­ kept out at least for a generation. which might be approved by the.Congress lems of divorce anr1 broken homes. Non~ Mrs. LUCE. The Nazis must be kept. after the constitutional amendment has · denies that the r-ate .of divorce _has be­ out of America forever. been adopted by the · States. Senator come cause for legitimate alarm. From 1945 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE 4171 the turn of the century to 1940, the rate covering the legalities of marriage and new set of laws that are uniform had more than doubled-from 1 divorce ·divorce has· produced a ridiculous situa­ throughout the country. in 10 marriages to 1 in every 5. The ab­ tion with many inherent injustices. I could speak for many hours on this normal increase following the last World CONFLICT OP LAW • matter of conflict of law. It alone is War projects a warning to us for this The complications which arise out of sufficient reason for pleading uniform­ one~ is There no ignoring the fact that the conflict of law as among the 48 ity. But perhaps a more telling approach our postwar condition will be serious. States and the District of Columbia are would be a single description of the Two authorities at Duke University who seemingly endless. Fundamentaily, they abuses of the ptivilege of State control have made an extensive survey of di­ occur over the issue of whether or not a which certain of the States have in­ vorce, dep .r,~§~ion, and war and their cor­ divorce decree is recognized outside the dulged. relation have carefully computed a basis jurisdiction of the court granting it. NEVADA THE WEAKEST LINK for estimating what rate we might ex­ And we must bear in mind that there I mentioned previously in my brief ·pect after this war. Whereas the rate is a great deal more involved in divorce in 1940-the last year of known data­ that the need for a Federal standard has situations than the simple question of become increasingly manifest because a stood at 21.3 divorces per 100 marriages, the matrimonial status of the parties af­ chain of laws is no stronger than the Hart and Bowne predict that the di­ fected by it. Support of the wife, pro­ vorce rate in the United States, when weakest link. Now I should like to de­ tection of the children, and the property scribe that weakest link-Nevada. demobilization reaches its peak, may be rights of both are concerned. 38.3 per 100 marriages. There is a well-known Latin phrase As one example, a person divorced in which, translated, means "The scab of "It thus seems safe," they conclude, one State and remarried in another, if "to estimate that the maximum divorce one sheep or the mange of one pig de­ rate after this war will be between one­ this latter State does not recognize the stroys an entire herd." divorce, might find himself guilty of big-­ The graphic American expression to third and one-half of the marriages." amy or adultery which.then permits the Think of it-one-thirq to one-half of cover the same thing is, "One rotten the marriages! partner to the first marriage to obtain apple will spoil the whole barrel." divorce on the new grounds. Legitimate Expressed either way, the undesirable I can not guarantee, of course-! would children may by the same token sud­ be happy indeed if I could-that a uni­ features of the Nevada divorce mill are denly become illegitimate, with its at­ suggested. This mill is a national form system of laws for the States would tendant jeopardy of property rights. end the evils of divorce. I do, however, tragedy. · belie-ye that it would greatly assist in the Property rights are complicated in My authority for the following facts problem ·of plugging up the loopholes in other ways. In the case of the death of a ·is a former member of the Nevada State the present chain of laws. The innocent person divorced by foreign decree-that legislature who has lived for 50 years victims of the chaos caused by casual is, in another State-question of the dis­ near Las Vegas, Nev., and has watehed marriage and divorce deserve the protec­ tribution of his property arises. If it is the growth of the divorce industry there tion of the laws of their States. But if the plaintiff who has died, the defendant ·since 1906. The current problems have in the divorce action may contend that developed, he says, over the past 40 years, the States will not furnish that protec­ . the foreign decree is void, and that hence tion, then I believe a standard must be when it was discovered that Nevada laws set requiring the States to conform. he or she still remains the legal spouse were a handy invitation to commercial- Daily we hear more alarm at the grow­ of the deceased. On the validity of the . ized divorce. At that time one could ing rate of delinquency. Juvenile de­ · divorce, then, depends the State's solu­ establish residence for divorce in 6 linquency, it is called-actually it is tion of the issue. months, as in the case of the voting resi- · parental delinquency. Over and over SUPREME COURT DECISIONS . dence. As the volume of the divorce-in­ again, disrupted home conditions are But never was a. matter more com­ dustry increased, however, greedy local found to be the seat of the trouble. plicated by the see-sawing back and .., interests had the residence requirement Casual marriage and divorce laws aggra..- forth of court decisions. Although un- reduced to 3 ·months, and later halved . vate broken home life. More than the . der the ''full faith and credit" clause that to 6 weeks. But even that is a .public rea1izes, the State is. increasingly of the Federal Constitution, each State mockery. Mr. Williams says: being called upon to provide aid to de­ is required to give recognition to the The writer knows, personally, of several pendent children who have been caught public acts, records and judicial proceed­ personS' who have in the past 10 years se­ between feuding parents. Public funds ings of every other State, only the spe­ cured divorces in Nevada before they had cific rulings of the United States courts, been in the St::tte 48 hours. They had no for A. D. C.-aid to dependent children­ trouble securing witnesses to testify to their are a _poor and sorry substitute for the and partic~arly of the United States Supreme Court, furnish guide posts legal residence in. our State. A little close security of a real home life. No matter questioning by the district a~orney would what the particulars involved, the chil­ which the States must follow. And much have been bad for the divorce industry. But dren are always victims. The ramifica­ remains uncovered by Supreme Cow·t in our State the district attorney, instead of tions are extensive. Among Unmarried · edict. looking after the interests of the State and mothers, for example, the largest propor­ So, 'round and 'round the issues go, guarding against fraud, quite frequently acts tion have invariably come from unsatis­ according to the State involved. The as attorney for the divorce seekers. factory home conditions. ThiS means, · Supreme Court itself has issued conflict­ There seems to be no conscience in then, that any effort to increase the ing decisions on jurisdictional matters. Nevada. on the part of the divorce-court strength of the ties which bind the home ·Late in 1942, the Williams against North ofilcials. together is automatically reflected in im­ ' Carolina case overruled the Haddock We have many cases- provement to the general conditions of .against Haddock decision which had ·public welfare in which we are all hu­ held since 1905. In the latter case, the Mr. Williams continues- manely interested. Court had declared that New York need where 'the divorce seekers come to our State That is one of the reasons .for my pro­ not give full faith and c_redit to a Con- a second or third time for divorce, afte:.: hav­ necticut divorce decree. By the Wil- ing shown very clearly, by their action after posed amendment. To eliminate some of · other- cases, that they had given perjured the factors which encourage irresponsi­ Iiams case, however, the Court reversed testimony concerning their intent to live in -bility to the obligations of the home­ itself and ordered recognition of Nevada Nevada. Yet their testimony upon this point that is my basic hope. To reach out and decrees by every State. But,. while the . is again accepted without question. It is a. expose the shams and the racket of easy _Williams case cleared up certain points - noticeable fact that divorce seekers in marriage and divorce; to act alike in question, ·it by no means. settled all. · Nevada oftimeS' allege causes which, if true, · against the casualness of trial marriag-e Some questions the Court did not pass would have enabled them to secure divorces and the racketeering of scheming persons on. At this very moment another test · in their own home States. It would seem who hold no respect for the true mean­ ·case of Nevada law is pending before that there are certain advantages in asking · the Supreme Court, and may be reported . for divorce where no proof of their allegations ing of the marriage vow, but who reduce , is necessary. . it instead to· the crude level of legalized out· at any moment. Once again, then, In. our state, divorce cases are sometimes prostitution. the situation will be spaded over. Btit "tried in chambers" or in the private office of The present condition of confusion­ 'it unquestionably will not be laid to rest. the jUdge, with the public excluded. This among the various and diverse State laws The conf-usion will go on until we get a practice has made our Nevada divorce pro- :XCI--263 4172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE lVlAY 3 cedure quite popular among a good many situation demands review. When the could express it, they show why uniform ·prominent "patrons." existence of a Nevada law in effect de­ laws are essential. The Nevada divorce laws, as now admin­ nies the protection of its own more judi­ From North Carolina a woman writes: istered, violate a much-prized principle of common law. One right under this law is cious laws to the citizens of every other I have been married 40 years and have never that an accused person shall be tried in the seate, then the shoe is beginning to known anything but hard work. I worked community, or the jurisdiction, where it is pinch. in the foundry that bears my husband's name claimed that the wrong was committed. Yet What is the purpose of an amendment and helped him to ouild up a good business. it is possible, under the Nevada divorce law, to the Constitution? It is the correction When he completed one job for $5,000, he for a man to desert his family in their home said he was going down the road, maybe to of an error, or a change needed to con­ the shipyards. I thought nothing of that, 'two or three thousand miles away, come out form to changing circumstances. The to Nevada, and 6 weeks later, accuse·his wife as he sometimes did it in the interest of his of drunkenness, adultery, or some other foul Constitution should be a dynamic, not a business, which is a well-equipped braEs offense, and on his uncorroborated testimony, static instrument to serve the best in­ foundry an<} pattern shop. He closed his secure a divorce without his wife even know:.. terests of the entire Nation. I believe shop, kissed his family good-by, left all his ing where he is, or that her character is be­ this proposed amendment will accom­ clothes, and, his desk locked. ing assailed. This is especially the case plish exactly that. He wrote home and sent me a little money where legal notice is served by publication I should like to include at this point for a while. A repeat order came in for an­ in a local Nevada newspaper. And even if other $5,000 job. I sent the order to him and she did know, what chance, ordinarily, has a statement from a textbook on divorce. asked him to hurry back and let's get on the she to maintain a suit in a strange court It is the conclusion drawn by Oscar War­ job, 15ut he sent the order back to the firm two or three thousand miles away? In like ren, who compiled the Schouler Divorce and refused to do it. To my great surprise manner, a woman can desert her home, come Manual, the bible of the divorce text­ and shock, he sued for divorce. The shock to Nevada, live openly with her paramour, bool{S. Mr. Warren has concluded from was so terrible I lost 18 pounds in weight. secure a divorce and be back in her old home his extensive familiarity with the field: I was under the care of a physician for 6 to flaunt her infamy, all in about 6 weeks. weeks. I was advised to go to Florida and It perhaps would have been better if our contest the action, which I did. He lost his DIVORCE RATE IN NEVADA Federal Constitution in the beginning had case and immediately left for Reno, Nev. I A glance at a few more statistics will taken to the Federal Government all au­ had no means to go to Reno to fight the show the success of the Nevada sham. thority over divorce. action, as he took all our life savings, in­ courts in luring the Smith, the Joneses, • • • cluding thousands in War bonds. Not a and the Barbara Huttons to Nevada for To a large extent the questions that have penny has he sent me since the 12th of arisen with regard to the effect of foreign last August. 6-week divorces. State divorces result from the form which Lost his head and left with another In 1940, the rate of marriages and di­ our Federal Constitution has taken. If the woman. We have a son in the Navy who vorces for the Nation was 12 and 2, re­ framers of it had made divorce a Federal wrote liis dad to come home as he had made spectively, per thousand population. In question instead of leaving jurisdiction with a grave mistake, open his shop, and get back other words, 2 out of every 1,000 per­ the States, much of our present divorce on this war work which was so vitally sons had their marriages divorced or an­ evils could have been avoided. They could needed in ships to carry our boys acro::s. nulled. But in Nevada the divorce rate not foresee that the Thirteen Colonies would He ignored his letter. He in the service doing grow and expand into a great Nation of 48 all he can for his own family and country and was 47 per 1,000 population, and the States, each having its own laws and juris­ wishing he could do more, and his dad en­ marriage rate 354 per 1,000. The aver­ diction in divorce. They could · not foresee joying good health and had a good business, age for the whole United States, remem­ that divorces, then comparatively rare, would turned it down for another woman. It is ber, was only 12 per 1,000 for marriages, grow to a great national evil and that certain a tragedy in our home. It is awful how and 2 per 1,000 for divorces. But Ne- States would vie with each other by the women are wrecking homes; and, as you said, . vada's record sticks out like the prover­ passage of lax divorce laws to aid people to if a man gets tired of his wife, he can simply free themselves from the bonds they may hop out to Nevada and get rid of her in 6 b~:ll sore thumb-24 times the divorce have lightly assumed. rate of the rest of the country, and 30 weeks. Seems so hard and unfair after 40 times the remarriage rate. Even Florida"" PUBLIC-OPINION POLL years of hard work. Apparently, from the mail I receive, Hope you will please pardon my writing had only 6 divorces per 1,000, and 17 mar­ this letter, but am so heartbroken and hu­ riages. the vast majority of the public favors miliated, I felt as though I should, after Mr. Williams gives us a close-up 'view uniform marriage and divorce laws. A reading your article. of what the figures above mean. little over a year ago, the Woman's Home Companion polled its reader-reporters to I might add at this point that ·the A few months ago­ determine the sentiment of its customers divorce laws of North Carolina provide He says- in over 3,500,000 homes. An overwhelm­ that to gain a divorce on grounds of the district court in Laf! Vegas granted 58 ing majority-87 percent-said they separation, a 2-year period of living divorces in 1 day, or at the 1·ate of about 5 favored a uniform Federal divorce stat­ apart must have occurred, and the plain­ minutes per divorce. Can anyone imagine ute governing all States alike. Only 6 tiff must have resided in the State for a that any real effort was made by the court percent of the women opposed it-7 per­ period of 6 months. Since the husband to inquire into the truth of the divorce­ in this case could not qualify for divorce seelter's testimony? cent were undecided. I was interested to receive a recent under his own State laws, he went to I ask the gentlemen here assembled: communication from a woman who is Florida as the nearest outlet. Florida Is marriage no more sacred a responsi­ indeed in a position to know whereof she lias more lenient laws. But Nevada's bility, is divorce so cheap a commodity, speaks. She is Mrs. Marie Manning are a national disgrace. that we are justified in condoning the Gasch, of Washington-better known, no From Missouri another woman has assembly-line technique of the divorce written that after 35 years of marriage doubt, as Beatrice Fairfax-whose col­ to a devoted husband, a very great dis­ mills, grinding out exploitation? . That umn is syndicated nationally. is exactly what we have today. Our appointment in business caused her hus­ chain of State divorce laws is no stronger I have great hopes- band a mental break-down. He went to than its weakest link-the State of She writes- Nevada for a divorce, and the lawyer Nevada. This is the fact we face today. from your plea for more sane marriage and went ahead with it, although apprised That is why I propose one standard. divorce laws. For years I have had agonized of the man's irresponsible condition and STATES' RIGHTS letters from wives of the class you mention­ told that the divorce would be contested. women divorced through no fault of their I went out to Nevada- I am aware that there exists some little own and without the money to fight this opposition to the type of proposal I make­ monstrous injustice. She continues- on the grounds that it would violate where I had to file a counter suit, and after States' rights. I respect the States' Mr. Speaker, in closing I would state much humiliation and expense to hire an­ rights principle. I am fully sympathetic that I am fully aware that any change in other lawyer, · my husband disappeared and with its defenders. So long as those the present set-up will be a long, hard they said there was nothing to do about it. rights remain right, they deserve to be pull. But I believe that the cause is just, I do feel that something should be done and will therefore eventually triumph . . to stop such mockery of a sacred family obli­ defended with enthusiasm. But when gation to l~eep people from such cheap tac- those rights become wrongs, and they Let me read to you some excerpts from • tics and would be willing to do anything become the law of the land ·superseding the mail I have received from all over to help stamp eut this state of conditions. the laws of the States, then I believe the the country. More poignantly than I My experience has been dreadful and want 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4173 you to know you have my support and will I was made more aware of this great need neutral nation or any other nation; and do anything to help in this matter. of uniform l{l.ws last summer when I was pre­ to take whatever measures may be neces­ paring my thesis for the University of -­ Another woman writes from Pennsyl­ along much this same line. I wrote case his­ sary to eliminate the possibility of any vania that her husband poses in a re­ tories of children from broken homes from citizens or corporations of the United sponsible job with an "uplift" organiza­ the -- school district. • • • I am States taking such action as would con­ tion in the Nation's Capital while at much convinced that sChool, court, and home tribute, through cartel arrangements or home his wife and child whom he aban­ should work more closely together to be able otherwise, to the rebuidilng of the future doned several years ago have no solace to better solve the problem of juvenile de­ war powers of our enemies." but a court order dating back to August linquency, which is usually a product of a Mr. Speaker, this was the thing which 1940 showing that the husband now broken home. after the First World War we permitted owes her close to $3,000 for support. She An attorney and counselor from Ohio the Germans to do, to rebuild, :first in writes: writes: other nations, then in Germany itself, · I shall never cease from trying to have a I am not sure that we can do much about the very power upon which Hitler's ma­ congressional investigation of the Luisiana a uniform marriage law in the immediate chine rested. That must not be allowed divorce system, and anything you can do future, but there is a crying imperative need to happen again. about the matter will be greatly appreciated. for immediate action on divorce. In Ohio Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the one can get an uncontested divorce on almost But the shoes do not only :fit the gentleman yield? any ground. In Nevada one does not even Ml'. VOORHIS of California. I yield. husbands. Wives are as frequently at require a bona fide residence. This laxity is Mr. HOFFMAN. Do you know where fault. responsible for broken homes, abandoned wives, neglected children, and a compiete the Germans obtained their materJ.als A mother in Ohio writes: to make their munitions of war? How May I congratulate you upon your resolu­ break-down in the social and moral concept of marriage. did it happen they were able to arm tion calling for - a uniform divorce law. themselves after the other war? Please do not falter-nor get discouraged. Note that statement from an expe­ Whatever passes will not help us person­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. I will ally, but I am hoping others may be spared rienced attorney and counselor: say to the gentleman I have a good deal the trouble and.sorrow we have experienced. This laxity is responsible for broken homes, of material, and at a future date I hope So please keep on trying. How casual we abandoned wives, neglected children, and a I will have a chance to address the House feel about such things until they really complete break-down in the social and moral in more detail on this very proposition affect us. Our soldier son-out of the concept of marriage. which I have started to diwuss here to­ country 26 months-has been the victim in EXTENSION OF REMARKS our family; and an attorney, in trying to day. I do not want to make a short safeguard him after his wife had procured Mr. CURTIS asked and was given per­ answer to the gentleman's inquiry. I an annulment, has run into various diffi­ mission to extend his own remarks in think it is a pretty serious story, I will culties. the Appendix of the RECORD in two in­ say to the gentleman. So I say again: Thank you, and God bless stances, in one to include a poem and in Mr. HOFFMAN. I do, too, and I would you for your effort. the other a petition. like to know who it is that enables these A major in the Army in New Jersey Mr. DE LACY. Mr. Speaker, I ask nations, when they are defeated, to re­ writes a letter typical of many from ser­ unanimous consent that' I be permitted arm. vicemen who complain bitterly of being to extend two statements and a letter by Mr. VOORHIS of California. What victimized through marriage and sub­ my colleague the gentleman from Wash­ the Germans actually did after the First sequent alimony payments. ington [Mr. SAVAGE]. World War and what they have done right now is to try to establish in neutral Your stand- The Public Printer estimates this will cost $156. I ask unanimous consent that nations their :financial resources, and to He says- -the extension may be made notwith­ transfer out of Germany such resources is so very commendable that you will earn standing. and personnel as they could in order to and warrant the utmost gratitude of men The SPEAKER. Notwithstanding and rebuild in those countries their future such as I who have actually suffered from without objection, the extension may be war powers. That is the thing I want to this racket, not only financially, but men- prevent. tally. · made. There was no objection. Mr. HOFFMAN. Someone outside, intent .on making money, must help Out of his earnings of approximately PREVENTING FUTURE WARS $'350 a month, he says, he must pay ali­ them. mony of $200. · Since in California the Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. Mr. VOORHIS of California. Pre­ legal age of dependents is 21, he must Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ cisely. They do. pay alimony for his boys who are over dress the House for 2 minutes. LEAVE OF ABSENCE 18 and earning their own living, yet he The SPEAKER. Is there objection to cannot deduct them from his income tax the request of the gentleman from Cali­ By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ because they are over 18 and make over fornia? sence was granted as follows: $500 a year, he explains. There was no objection. To Mr. JUDD, for 2 days, on account of At this point I might add, however, Mr. VOORHIS of California. I am illness. that from the viewpoint of abandoned sure all of us have been deeply impressed To Mr. SCHWABE of Oklahoma (at the children, alimony more often than not is by what the gentlewoman from Con­ request of Mr. ScHWABE of Missouri), for painfully inadequate, and frequently re­ necticut had to say. In the next few the balance of the week, on account of sults in the child becoming dependent days a resolution -will come before the official business. upon public welfare assistance for vary­ House for the punishment of war To Mr. TALBOT, for 3 days, on account ing degrees of aid. The conscientious criminals. If we are to do the kind of a of official business. father like the man who wrote in above job which has to be done to prevent ENROLLED BILL AND JOINT RESOLUTION may be as much the victim of a run­ Germany from making war in the future, SIGNED around wife, however, as the children we have to do more than simply punish Mr. ROGERS of New York, from the are victims of the separation. individual war criminals. · We have to Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported And I have received letters of a general pass, either as an amendment to the that that committee had examined and type. war criminals resolution, or else in sep­ found truly enrolled a bill and a joint A young lady writes from New York: arate legislation, something like the fol­ resolution of the House of the following I agree. with you. I worked in a lawyer's lowing: titles, which were thereupon signed by office who gets divorces in New York State "It is the policy of the Congress of the the Speaker: with his private detective. The whole thing United States to employ such means as 1s stupid, and an easy way to make money. may be necessary and appropriate to H. R. 2689. An act making appropriations Reno is an easy way out for the wealthy. for the Department of Agriculture for the prevent the economic, :financial, or fiscal year ending June 30, 1946, and for Uniform divorce laws would ruin our no­ technical resources of our enemies from torious places like Reno. other purposes; and :finding a haven of opportunity for the H. J. Res.174. Joint resolution making ad­ A student in a great middle western direct or indirect rebuilding of the ditional appropriations for the fiscal year university writesc future war powera "f our enemies in any ending June 30, 1945. 417.4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 3 BILL AND JOINT RESOLUTION PRE­ ber of the Inter-American Statistical Insti­ By Mr. DINGELL: SENTED TO THE PRESIDENT tute." Referred to the Committee of the H. R. 3117. A bill to amend section 2901 of Whole House on the state of the Union. the Internal Revenue Code; to the Commit­ Mr. ROGERS of New York, from the Mr. O'NEAL: Committee on Appropria­ tee on Ways and Means. Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported tions. H. R. 3109. A bill making appropria­ By Mr. RANKIN: that that committee did on this day pre­ tions for the legislative branch for the fiscal H. R. 3118. A bill to amend section 100 o! sent to the President, for his approval, year ending June 80, 1946, and for other Public Law No. 346, Seventy-eighth Congress, a bill and a joint resolution of the House purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. June 22, l944, to grant certain priorities to of the following titles: 509). Referred to the Committee of the the Veterans' Administration, to facilitate the Whole House on the state of the Union. employment of personnel by the Veterans' H. R. 2689. An act making appropriations Mr. MAY: Committee on Military Affairs. Administration, and for other purposes; to for the Department of Agriculture for the S. 804. An act to authorize certain additional the Committee on World War Veterans' Leg­ fiscal year ending June 30, 1946, and for other appointments in the Officers' Corps of the islation. purposes; and Regular Army in initial grades not above the H. R. 3119. A bill to amend parts VII and H. J. Res. 174. Joint resolution making ad­ grade of captain; without amendment (Rept. VIII of Veterans Regulation No. 1 (a). as ditional appropriations for the fiscal year No. 510). Referred to the Committee of the amended, to liberalize and clarify vocational ending June 30, 1945. Whole House on the state of the Union. rehabilitation and education and training ADJOURNMENT Mr. ANDREWS of New York: Committee laws administered by the Veterans' Admin­ on Military Affairs. H. R. 1812. A bill to istration, and for other purposes; to the Mr. FOLGER. Mr. Speaker, I.move authorize an award of merit for uncompen­ Committee on World War Veterans' Legisla~ that the House do now adjourn. sated personnel of the Selective Service Sys­ tion. The motion was agreed to; accordingly . tem; with amendment (Rept. No. 511). Re­ By Mr. WEISS: (at 5 o'clocl{ and 6 minutes p. m.) the ferred to the Committee of the Whole House H. R. 3120. A bill to prevent discrimination on the state of the Union. against veterans by use of the physical ex­ Hous.e adjourned until tomorrow, Friday, amination to disqualify them for their old May 4, 1945, at 12 o'clock noon. Mr. MAY: Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 2992. A bill to extend the provisions jobs; to the Committee on Military Affairs. of the act of July 11, 1941 (Public Law H:i3, By Mr. CANNON of Missouri: COMMITTEE HEARINGS 77th Cong.); without amendment (Rept. No. H. J. Res. 177. Joint resolution repealing a. COMMITTEE ON RoADS . 512). Referred to the Committee of the portion of the appropriation and contract authorization available to the Maritime There will be a meeting of the Com­ Whole House on the state of the Union. Mr. MAY: Committee on Military Affairs. Commission; to the Committee on Appro~ mittee on Roads at 10 a. m., Friday, May H. R. 3070. A bill to extend the provisions priations. 4, 1945, in the Committee Room 1011, of the act of November 29, 1940 (Public Law By Mr. BECKWORTH: New House Office Building, to consider 884, 76th Cong.); without amendment (Rept. H. J. Res. 178. Joint resolution declaring H. R. 2840, to amend section 6, of the No. 513). Referred to the Committee of the the policy of the United States with respect Defense Highway Act · of 1941, as Whole House on .the state of the Union. to use and disposition of enemy property; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. amended. By Mr. GARDNER: COMMITTEE ON WORLD WAR VETERANS' PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. Res. 241. Resolution to provide for an LEGISLATION Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public investigation of the extent to which the The Committee on World War Veter­ powers of the Office of Price Administration bills and resolutions were introduced and have been exercised in an unfair or inequita­ ans' Legislation will meet in executive severally referred as follows: session at 10:30 a. m., on Friday, May 4, ble manner; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. LA1'~E: H. Res. 242. Resolution to provide for ex­ 1945, in the Committee Room, 356 House H. R. 3110. A bill to amend the Civil Serv­ penses of the investigation authorized by Office Building. ice Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as House Resolution 241; to the Committee on COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN amended, to provide for the return of the Accounts. COMMERCE amount of deductions from the compensa­ tion of any employee who is separated from MEMORIALS There will iJe a meeting of the Commit­ service or transferred to a position not tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, within the purview of such act before com­ Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo-· at 10 a.m., Tuesday, May 8, 1945, tore­ pleting 10 years of service; to the Committee rials were presented and referred as sume public hearings on S. 63 and H. R. on the Civil Service. follows: 1648, to amend the Communications Act By Mr. . McGEHEE: By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ of 1934, as amended, so as to prohibit H. R. 3111. A bill to amend the act ap- . lature of the Territory of Hawaii, memorializ• interference with the broadcasting of proved January 2, 1942, as amended, ap­ ing the President and the Congress of the noncommercial cultural or educational proved April 22, 1943, entitled "An act to United States to amend H. R. 534 and any programs. provide for the prompt settlement of claims other bill presented to the Congress relating for damages occasioned by Army, Navy, and to duplicate taxation of Federal employees; Marine Corps forces in foreign countries"; to the Committee on the Judiciary. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. to the Committee on Claims. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Cuba, Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive By Mr. MORRISON: memorializing the President and the Con­ communications were taken from the H. R. 3112. A bill to provide for the coin­ gress of the United States to send represent­ age oL10-cent pieces bearing the likeness of atives to a birthday tribute to Simon Bolivar Speaker's table and referred as follows: Franl~lin Delano Roosevelt; to the Committee to take place at Caracas, Venezuela, on July 439. A letter from the Administrator of on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. 24, 1945; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Office of Price Administration, transmitting By Mr. RANKIN: the Twelfth Report of the Office of Price Ad­ H. R. 3113. A bill to authorize the Admin· ministration, covering the period ended De­ istrator of Veterans' Affairs to accept gifts, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS cember 31, 1944 (H. Doc. No. 16,7); to the devises, and bequests in behalf of the gen­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Committee on Banking and Currency and eral post fund for the use of veterans and bills and resolutions were introduced and ordered to be printed, with illustrations. for the sale and conveyance of any such prop~ severally referred as folloW5! 440. A letter from the Sec:r:etary of War, erty under certain circumstances and the transmitting the report of the American Na­ covering of the proceeds thereof into the post By Mr. CLEMENTS: tional Red Cross for the fiscal year ended H. R. 3121. A bill for the relief of Eliza­ fund, and for other purposes; to the Com~ beth M. Simmons and Robert H. Simmons; June 30, 1944; to the Committee on Military mittee on World War Veterans' Legislation. Ali airs. to the Committee on Claims. H. R. 3114. A bill to amend certain provi­ By Mr. CURTIS: . sions of the National Service Life Insurance H. R. 3122. A bill for the relief of Richard REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC Act of 1940, as amended; to the Committee A. AUberry; to the Committee on Claims. BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS on World War Veterans' Legislation. By Mr. CLASON: Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of H. R. 3115. A bill to liberalize and clarify H. R. 3123. A bill to provide that the name the laws pertaining to hospital treatment, of Charles Southgate be added to the emer­ committees were delivered to the Clerk medical care, domiciliary care, and related gency officers' retired list of the Army of the for printing and reference to the proper services, and for other purposes; to the Com­ United States; to the Committee on Military calendar, as follows: mittee on World \Var Veterans' Legislation. Affairs. Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON: Committee on By Mr. BARDEN: By Mr. GRANT of Indiana: Foreign Affairs. House Report No. 502 (pt. H. R. 3116. A bill to establish a temporary H. R. 3124. A bill for. the relief of Mrs. Gi­ 2). Report pursuant to H. R. 688. A bill to agency to be known as the Commission on sella Sante; to the Committee on Claims. amend the joint resolution of January 27, Emergency Federal Aid to Higher Educational By Mr. GREGORY: . 1942, entitled "Joint resolution to enable the Institutions, and for other purpcses; to the H. R. 3125. A bill for the relief of Lovie M. Vnited States to become an adhering mem• pommittee on Education. Trotter; to the Committee on C!aims. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RE_CORD-HOUSE 4175 By Mr. KEARNEY: Most loving Lord, redeemer of the hu­ RECLASSIFICATION OF SALARIES OF H. R. 3126. A bill for the relief of Mrs·. Jean man race, look down upon us, humbly POSTMASTERS, ETC. Taube Weller; to the Committee on Claims. grateful and suppliant before Thee. By Mr. WIGGLESWORTH: Mr. McKENZIE. Mr. Speaker, I ask H. R. 3127. A bill for the relief of Harry F. . In this hour of victory we are thank­ unanimous consent ~o file a supplemen­ Vinton, Jr.; to the Committee on Claims. ful to Thee for success and all other tary report to Report No. 449, to accom­ By Mr. WINSTEAD: blessings. · pany the bill