Breast Cysts and Aluminium-Based Antiperspirant Salts
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Breast Cysts
Beaumont Hospital Patient Information on Breast Cysts PRINTROOM PDF 23012017 SUP190B What are breast cysts? The breasts are made up of lobules (milk- producing glands) and ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple), surrounded by fatty and supportive tissue. Sometimes fluid-filled sacs develop in the breast tissue. These are breast cysts. It’s thought that they develop naturally as the breast ages and changes. Although you can develop breast cysts at any age, they are most common in women over 35 who haven’t yet reached menopause. They occur more frequently as women approach the menopause and usually resolve or are less frequent after it. However, they may persist or develop in women who take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause. Cysts can feel soft if they are near the surface of the skin, or like a hard lump if they’re deeper in the breast tissue. They can develop anywhere in the breast, but are more commonly found in the upper half. For some women cysts can feel uncomfortable or even painful. Before a period cysts may become larger, and feel sore and tender. It’s common to develop one or more cysts either in one breast or both breasts –and this is nothing to worry about. It is also common to have many cysts without knowing about them. How are they found? Cysts usually become noticeable as a lump in the breast, or are sometimes found by chance when you have a breast examination or routine mammography. When you have a breast examination your GP will sometimes be able to say whether the lump feels like a cyst. -
Approach to Breast Mass
APPROACH TO BREAST MASS Resident Author: Kathleen Doukas, MD, CCFP Faculty Advisor: Thea Weisdorf, MD, CCFP Creation Date: January 2010, Last updated: August 2013 Overview In primary care, breast lumps are a common complaint among women. In one study, 16% of women age 40-69y presented to their physician with a breast lesion over a 10-year period.1 Approximately 90% of these lesions will be benign, with fibroadenomas and cysts being the most common.2 Breast cancer must be ruled out, as one in ten woman who present with a new lump will have cancer.1 Diagnostic Considerations6 Benign: • Fibroadenoma: most common breast mass; a smooth, round, rubbery mobile mass, which is often found in young women; identifiable on US and mammogram • Breast cyst: mobile, often tender masses, which can fluctuate with the menstrual cycle; most common in premenopausal women; presence in a postmenopausal woman should raise suspicion for malignancy; ultrasound is the best method for differentiating between a cystic vs solid structure; a complex cyst is one with septations or solid components, and requires biopsy • Less common causes: Fat necrosis, intraductal papilloma, phyllodes tumor, breast abscess Premalignant: • Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia, Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia: Premalignant breast lesions with 4-6 times relative risk of developing subsequent breast cancer;8 often found incidentally on biopsy and require full excision • Carcinoma in Situ: o Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): ~85% of in-situ breast cancers; defined as cancer confined to the duct that -
Tolvaptan in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Three Years’ Experience
Article Tolvaptan in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Three Years’ Experience Eiji Higashihara,*† Vicente E. Torres,*‡ Arlene B. Chapman,§ Jared J. Grantham, Kyongtae Bae,¶ Terry J. Watnick,** †† † ‡‡ ‡‡ ‡‡ 2 Shigeo Horie, Kikuo Nutahara, John Ouyang, Holly B. Krasa, Frank S. Czerwiec, for the TEMPO4 and 156-05-002 Study Investigators Summary †Kyorin University Background and objectives Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a frequent cause of School of Medicine, end-stage renal disease, has no cure. V2-specific vasopressin receptor antagonists delay disease progression Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; ‡ in animal models. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; §Emory Design, setting, participants, and measurements This is a prospectively designed analysis of annual total kid- University School of ney volume (TKV) and thrice annual estimated GFR (eGFR) measurements, from two 3-year studies of Medicine, Atlanta, ʈ tolvaptan in 63 ADPKD subjects randomly matched 1:2 to historical controls by gender, hypertension, age, Georgia; Kansas and baseline TKV or eGFR. Prespecified end points were group differences in log-TKV (primary) and eGFR University Medical Center, Kansas City, (secondary) slopes for month 36 completers, using linear mixed model (LMM) analysis. Sensitivity analyses Kansas; ¶University of of primary and secondary end points included LMM using all subject data and mixed model repeated mea- Pittsburgh School of sures (MMRM) of change from baseline at each year. Pearson correlation tested the association between Medicine, Pittsburgh, log-TKV and eGFR changes. Pennsylvania; **Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Results Fifty-one subjects (81%) completed 3 years of tolvaptan therapy; all experienced adverse events ††Teikyo University (AEs), with AEs accounting for six of 12 withdrawals. -
Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report
Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Due date of deliverable: 21.07.2011 Actual submission date: 21.07.2011 Revision date: 21.07.2011 Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UVA Revision 0.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Page 1 of 243 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Authors Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro, M. Carmen Del Río, F. Javier Álvarez (UVa, University of Valladolid, Spain) Partners - Silvia Ravera, Susana Monteiro, Han de Gier (RUGPha, University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Gertrude Van der Linden, Sara-Ann Legrand, Kristof Pil, Alain Verstraete (UGent, Ghent University, Belgium) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon, Isabelle Mercier-Guyon (UGren, University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Katerina Touliou (CERT-HIT, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) - Michael Hei βing (BASt, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany). -
Survey and Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances in Deodorants
Survey and risk assessment of chemical substances in deodorants Suresh C. Rastogi & Gitte Hellerup Jensen National Environmental Research Institute Jeanne Duus Johansen National Allergy Research Centre Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 86 2007 The Danish Environmental Protection Agency will, when opportunity offers, publish reports and contributions relating to environmental research and development projects financed via the Danish EPA. Please note that publication does not signify that the contents of the reports necessarily reflect the views of the Danish EPA. The reports are, however, published because the Danish EPA finds that the studies represent a valuable contribution to the debate on environmental policy in Denmark. Contents SAMMENFATNING 5 SUMMARY 7 1 INTRODUCTION 11 2 MARKET SURVEY AND PRODUCT SAMPLING 13 2.1 MARKET SURVEY 13 2.2 LEGISLATION 15 2.3 SAMPLING OF PRODUCTS AND CONTROL OF LABELLING 15 2.4 SELECTION OF PRODUCTS FOR ANALYSIS 18 3 ANALYSIS 19 3.1 MATERIALS 19 3.2 ANALYSIS 19 3.2.1 Sample preparation 19 3.2.2 Analysis of fragrance substances 19 3.2.3 Analysis of triclosan 20 4 RESULTS 21 5 RISK ASSESSMENT 27 5.1 DEODORANTS AND CONTACT ALLERGY 27 5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT – IN GENERAL 27 5.3 THE SELECTED FRAGRANCE SUBSTANCES 28 5.3.1 HYDOXYISOHEXYL 3-CYCLOHEXENE CARBOXALDEHYDE (HICC) 28 5.3.2 HYDROXYCITRONELLAL 32 5.3.3 ISOEUGENOL 33 5.3.4 CINNAMAL/CINNAMYL ALCOHOL 34 5.4 FARNESOL 35 5.5 COMMENTS CONCERNING OTHER FRAGRANCE SUBSTANCES 35 5.6 ALLERGEN LOAD OF FRAGRANCE SUBSTANCES 36 5.7 TRICLOSAN 36 6 DISCUSSION 38 7 REFERENCES 43 ANNEX 1 49 3 4 Sammenfatning Deodoranter anvendes dagligt af store dele af befolkningen og kan indeholde ingredienser, som visse duftstoffer og konserveringsmidler, der er hyppige år- sager til hudallergi. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0127257 A1 Schiemann Et Al
US 2014O127257A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0127257 A1 Schiemann et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 8, 2014 (54) DERMATOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE YEAST Publication Classification EXTRACT (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventors: Yvonne Schiemann, Essen (DE); Mike A61E36/064 (2006.01) Farwick, Essen (DE); Thomas Haas, CI2P I/02 (2006.01) Muenster (DE); Mirja Wessel, Bochum A61E36/06 (2006.01) (DE) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC ............... A61K 36/064 (2013.01); A61K 36/06 (73) Assignee: EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH, Essen (2013.01); CI2P I/02 (2013.01) (DE) USPC ...................................... 424/195.16; 435/171 (21) Appl. No.: 14/128,244 (22) PCT Fled: Jun. 14, 2012 (57) ABSTRACT (86) PCT NO.: PCT/EP2012/061263 The invention relates to a method for producing a dermato S371 (c)(1), logically active yeast extract, comprising the following steps: (2), (4) Date: Dec. 20, 2013 providing a preculture of the yeast cells, culturing the cells for (30) Foreign Application Priority Data at least fifteen minutes at a pH of 1.8-4, harvesting the cells and lysing the cells, and a yeast extract produced thereby and Jun. 29, 2011 (EP) .................................. 11171953.0 products comprising said yeast extract. Patent Application Publication May 8, 2014 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2014/O127257 A1 -0-Yarrowia------------ lipolytica -- Pichia CBS 1991 - A - Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fig. 1 US 2014/O127257 A1 May 8, 2014 DERMATOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE YEAST skin. Against the background of consumers’ uncertainty with EXTRACT respect to genetic engineering techniques, there is a particular demand for corresponding agents that can be regarded, 0001. -
Index to the NLM Classification 2011
National Library of Medicine Classification 2011 Index Disease see Tyrosinemias 1-8 5,12-diHETE see Leukotriene B4 1,2-Benzopyrones see Coumarins 5,12-HETE see Leukotriene B4 1,2-Dibromoethane see Ethylene Dibromide 5-HT see Serotonin 1,8-Dihydroxy-9-anthrone see Anthralin 5-HT Antagonists see Serotonin Antagonists 1-Oxacephalosporin see Moxalactam 5-Hydroxytryptamine see Serotonin 1-Propanol 5-Hydroxytryptamine Antagonists see Serotonin Organic chemistry QD 305.A4 Antagonists Pharmacology QV 82 6-Mercaptopurine QV 269 1-Sar-8-Ala Angiotensin II see Saralasin 7S RNA see RNA, Small Nuclear 1-Sarcosine-8-Alanine Angiotensin II see Saralasin 8-Hydroxyquinoline see Oxyquinoline 13-cis-Retinoic Acid see Isotretinoin 8-Methoxypsoralen see Methoxsalen 15th Century History see History, 15th Century 8-Quinolinol see Oxyquinoline 16th Century History see History, 16th Century 17 beta-Estradiol see Estradiol 17-Ketosteroids WK 755 A 17-Oxosteroids see 17-Ketosteroids A Fibers see Nerve Fibers, Myelinated 17th Century History see History, 17th Century Aardvarks see Xenarthra 18th Century History see History, 18th Century Abate see Temefos 19th Century History see History, 19th Century Abattoirs WA 707 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases QU 136 Abbreviations 2,4-D see 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Chemistry QD 7 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid General P 365-365.5 Organic chemistry QD 341.A2 Library symbols (U.S.) Z 881 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Polymerase see Medical W 13 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase By specialties (Form number 13 in any NLM -
Research Article Application Value of Mathematical Models of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Breast Cancer Lesions
Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2021, Article ID 1481271, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1481271 Research Article Application Value of Mathematical Models of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Breast Cancer Lesions Xiaolong Jiang, Chao Chen, Jie Liu, and Sheng Liu e Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Radiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China Correspondence should be addressed to Sheng Liu; [email protected] Received 7 July 2021; Accepted 17 August 2021; Published 30 August 2021 Academic Editor: Songwen Tan Copyright © 2021 Xiaolong Jiang et al. ,is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To determine the application value of the mono-exponential model, dual-exponential model, and stretched-exponential model of MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in breast cancer (BC) lesions. Methods. Totally 64 cases with BC admitted to our hospital between June 2019 and October 2020 were enrolled in this study. ,ey had 71 lesions in total, including 40 benign tumor lesions (including 9 breast cyst lesions) and 31 malignant tumor lesions. After DWI examination, with normal glands as control, mono-exponential model (ADC) map, dual-exponential model (Standard-ADC) map, slow apparent diffusion coefficient (Slow- ADC) map, fast-apparent diffusion coefficient (Fast-ADC) map, and stretched-exponential model (DDC) map were processed, and corresponding values were generated. ,en, the situation and significance of each parameter in breast cysts, benign breast tumor lesions, and malignant tumor lesions were analyzed. -
Synthetic Strategies to Access Biologically Important Fluorinated Motifs: Fluoroalkenes and Difluoroketones by Ming-Hsiu Yang Su
Synthetic Strategies to Access Biologically Important Fluorinated Motifs: Fluoroalkenes and Difluoroketones By Ming-Hsiu Yang Submitted to the graduate degree program in Medicinal Chemistry and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Chairperson Ryan A. Altman Michael D. Clift Apurba Dutta Michael F. Rafferty Jon A. Tunge Date Defended: April 26, 2017 The Dissertation Committee for Ming-Hsiu Yang certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Synthetic Strategies to Access Biologically Important Fluorinated Motifs: Fluoroalkenes and Difluoroketones Chairperson Ryan A. Altman Date Approved: April 26, 2017 ii Abstract Ming-Hsiu Yang Department of Medicinal Chemistry, April 2017 The University of Kansas Fluorine plays an important role in drug design, because of some unique features imparted by fluorine. The incorporation of fluorine into small molecules can modulate molecular physicochemical properties, metabolic stability, lipophilicity, and binding affinity to the target proteins. However, few fluorinated molecules are biosynthesized by enzymes. This means incorporating fluorine into the molecules relies on synthetic methods. Thus, efficient synthetic strategies to access the molecules bearing a variety of privileged fluorinated moieties are important for drug discovery. Fluoroalkenes are an isopolar and isosteric mimic of an amide bond with distinct biophysical properties, including decreased H-bond donating and accepting abilities, increased lipophilicity, and metabolic stability. Moreover, fluoroalkenes can also serve as probes for conducting conformational analyses of amides. These potential applications require the development of efficient methods to access fluoroalkenes. In chapter 2, a Shapiro fluorination strategy to access peptidomimetic fluoroalkenes is demonstrated. -
Benign Breast Cyst Without Associated Gynecomastia in a Male Patient: a Case Report Parsian Et Al
Breast Imaging: Benign Breast Cyst without Associated Gynecomastia in a Male Patient: A Case Report Parsian et al. Benign Breast Cyst without Associated Gynecomastia in a Male Patient: A Case Report Sana Parsian1*, Habib Rahbar1, Mara H. Rendi2, Constance D. Lehman1 1. Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA 2. Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA * Correspondence: Sana Parsian, MD., Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Avenue E. Seattle, WA 98109, USA ( [email protected]) Radiology Case. 2011 Nov; 5(11):35-40 :: DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v5i11.869 ABSTRACT Benign simple breast cysts are commonly seen in female breasts and can present as palpable masses. They are distinctly uncommon, however, in the male breast. We report a case of simple benign cyst of the breast in a 58- year-old man newly diagnosed with mantel cell lymphoma. The cyst was first identified incidentally on a staging contrast-enhanced chest computed www.RadiologyCases.com tomography. Further evaluation with mammography and ultrasound revealed a mass that would be typically characterized as a benign simple cyst, but was biopsied since cysts are not known to occur in male breasts. Pathology results from ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy revealed benign cyst and focal fibrosis which was concordant with the imaging findings. In this case report, we will briefly discuss breast cysts in men and their imaging features including mammography and ultrasound. CASE REPORT JournalRadiology of Case Reports Bilateral diagnostic digital mammogram revealed a 10 CASE REPORT millimeter oval shaped equal density mass with partially A 58-year-old Caucasian man, with recent diagnosis of circumscribed, partially obscured margins in the subareolar mantle cell lymphoma underwent chest, abdomen, and pelvis left breast, corresponding to the CT finding, without evidence computed tomography (CT) for staging purposes. -
Review of the Regulation of Products at the Interface Between Cosmetics and Therapeutic Goods
PO Box 100, Woden ACT 2606, Australia Review of the regulation of products at the interface between cosmetics and therapeutic goods 18 March 2005 Review of the regulation of products at the interface between cosmetics and therapeutic goods March 2005 Prepared for the TGA by David B Newgreen Review of the regulation of products at the interface between cosmetics and therapeutic goods CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. iii TERMS OF REFERENCE ..............................................................................................iv SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................vi RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................13 2. OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF MEDICINES AND COSMETICS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ....................................................................23 2.1 AUSTRALIA......................................................................................................23 2.2 NEW ZEALAND ...............................................................................................33 3. OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF MEDICINES AND COSMETICS IN -
65 Y/O Female, Lower Abdominal Pain A19
2016年05月20日 中華民國放射線醫學會 住院醫師閱片測驗 出題醫院 亞東紀念醫院影像醫學科 Q1 What is most likely in a 35-year-old patient? CT with bone window T1 weighted with Gd A1 What bone lesion is most likely in this 35-year-old female? ANS: Fibrous dysplasia Q2 76y/o male, patient with severe headache What is the diagnosis & its cause in this case? FLAIR or dark-fluid T2 Pre-contrast T1 weighted A2 ANS: Acute venous infarct & left transverse sinus thrombosis Q3 What primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar connection is? The red arrow is the left carotid artery A3 ANS: Persistent trigeminal artery Q4 11 y/o boy, with seizure Coronal T2 weighted Sagittal T1 weighted with Gd. A4 ANS: Ependymoma Q5 42 y/o male, patient with head injury FLAIR or dark water T2 T1 weighted with Gd. A5 ANS: Enlarged perivascular space or dilated Virchow-Robin space Q6 44 y/o male, Right homonymous hemianopia for 7 days DWI ADC T1 FLAIR T2 CE T1 A6 ANS: Subacute infarction at left occipital lobe Q7 69 y/o male, 到院前心跳停止, Acute conscious change, sent to ER A7 ANS: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy Q8 50 y/o female, Orthostatic headache A8 ANS: Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension • Syndrome in which low CSF volume results in orthostatic headache • Generally due to CSF leakage through a dural defect • May be related to predisposing underlying structural weakness of the spinal meninges • Key Imaging Features: related to Monro-Kellie hypothesis: loss of CSF from subarachnoid space → increase in total intracranial blood volume causing enlargement of dural venous sinuses, epidural vertebral venous plexus, and pituitary gland.