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Research Article Application Value of Mathematical Models of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Breast Cancer Lesions

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Research Article Application Value of Mathematical Models of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Breast Cancer Lesions Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2021, Article ID 1481271, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1481271 Research Article Application Value of Mathematical Models of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Breast Cancer Lesions Xiaolong Jiang, Chao Chen, Jie Liu, and Sheng Liu e Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Radiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China Correspondence should be addressed to Sheng Liu; [email protected] Received 7 July 2021; Accepted 17 August 2021; Published 30 August 2021 Academic Editor: Songwen Tan Copyright © 2021 Xiaolong Jiang et al. ,is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. To determine the application value of the mono-exponential model, dual-exponential model, and stretched-exponential model of MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in breast cancer (BC) lesions. Methods. Totally 64 cases with BC admitted to our hospital between June 2019 and October 2020 were enrolled in this study. ,ey had 71 lesions in total, including 40 benign tumor lesions (including 9 breast cyst lesions) and 31 malignant tumor lesions. After DWI examination, with normal glands as control, mono-exponential model (ADC) map, dual-exponential model (Standard-ADC) map, slow apparent diffusion coefficient (Slow- ADC) map, fast-apparent diffusion coefficient (Fast-ADC) map, and stretched-exponential model (DDC) map were processed, and corresponding values were generated. ,en, the situation and significance of each parameter in breast cysts, benign breast tumor lesions, and malignant tumor lesions were analyzed. Results. ,e values of ADC, Standard-ADC, and DDC of breast cysts were higher than those of normal glands (all P < 0:05), and the values of ADC and DDC of benign breast tumor lesions were lower than those of normal glands (P < 0:05). In addition, malignant breast tumor lesions had lower values of ADC, Standard-ADC, Slow-ADC, and DDC and a higher Fast-ADC value compared to normal glands (all P < 0:05). Compared with benign tumor lesions, malignant tumor lesions had lower values of ADC, Standard-ADC, Slow-ADC, and DDC and a higher value of Fast-ADC (all P < 0:05). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve-based analysis revealed that all the above models could be adopted to effectively evaluate the deterioration of benign breast tumor lesions (all P < 0:05), and DDC value had the most significant diagnostic effect on malignant tumor lesions (P < 0:05). Conclusion. Both dual-exponential model and stretched-exponential model of DWI can help effectively evaluate the progression of benign breast tumors, and the stretched-exponential model is more effective in the diagnosis of malignant breast tumors. ,ese models are of great help to the future clinical diagnosis of BC. 1. Introduction that the 5-year survival rate of patients with late BC is only 20%–30% [5]. Clinically, early diagnosis and therapy of BC is Breast cancer (BC) is the most pervasive malignant tumor in the key to protect the life and health of patients with it [6]. women worldwide, and its incidence rate stays at a high level However, at the current stage, the diagnostic gold standard [1]. According to statistics, there are approximately 230,000 for BC still depends on pathological biopsy. ,erefore, new cases of BC each year, showing an increasing trend [2]. finding a novel diagnostic scheme for BC is the difficulty to Due to the insidious symptoms of early BC, most patients be solved in clinical research. with it have already entered the middle or advanced stage at Imaging technologies are one of the indispensable means diagnosis [3]. ,is is also one of the leading causes for the in the diagnosis of tumor diseases. Among them, magnetic unfavorable prognosis of patients with BC. In addition, resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging advanced BC is highly likely to have distant metastasis, so the (DWI) is a relatively new concept in MRI examination. It treatment of BC is more difficult [4]. One survey has showed can help judge the development and progression of diseases 2 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine by stimulating molecular diffusion movement in human others were the same as those of (1). A corresponding pseudo- body with molecular heat energy and forming visual images color map of apparent diffusion coefficient was obtained, and [7]. As the only noninvasive way to detect the diffusion the ADC value in lesions was calculated with ROI. (4) Multi- movement of water molecules in living tissues, DWI has b-value DWI: 12 b values were selected (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, been verified to be able to provide highly reliable diagnostic 200, 400, 800, 1200, 2000, and 3000 s/mm2) and others were opinions for ultra-early cerebral ischemia injury [8]. DWI the same as those of (3). (5) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR: has also been found to have extremely high application value magnetic resonance breast volume imaging technology; TR: in tumor diseases such as cholesteatoma, myeloma, and BC 3.9 ms; TE: the minimum one; BW: 200 kHz; slice thickness: [9–11]. 1.4 mm; others were the same as those of (1). Single scan was ,e classical imaging method for DWI is spin-echo run for 50 s, with 60-second delay between period 5 and 6. echo-planar imaging (SEEPI) whose limitation is that the imaged microstructure fails to completely present the dis- 2.2.1. Image Processing. ,e images were processed with the persion of all water molecules [12]. In recent years, a growing 2 Functool software, and ROI (18 mm ) was set under the number of researchers have pointed out the remarkable premise of avoiding areas with cystic change, necrosis, and improvement of different DWI mathematical models such as bleeding. With normal glands as control, mono-exponential the mono-exponential model, dual-exponential model, and model (ADC) map, dual-exponential model (Standard- stretched-exponential model in the diagnosis of diseases ADC) map, slow apparent diffusion coefficient (Slow-ADC) [13, 14]. ,is study analyzed the application of different map, fast-apparent diffusion coefficient (Fast-ADC) map, imaging models in breast lesions, with the goal of finding the and stretched-exponential model (DDC) map were pro- most suitable DWI scheme for future BC diagnosis and cessed, and corresponding values were generated. providing reference guidance for clinical practice. 2. Materials and Methods 2.2.2. Outcome Measures. We observed the differences in DWI parameters of breast cysts, benign tumor lesions, and 2.1. Research Objects. Totally 64 cases with BC admitted to malignant tumor lesions, analyzed the diagnostic value of our hospital between June 2019 and October 2020 were each parameter for breast cancer, and explored the rela- enrolled in this study. ,ey had 71 lesions in total, including tionship between the parameters. 40 benign tumor lesions (including 9 breast cyst lesions) and 31 malignant tumor lesions. ,is experiment was carried out 2.3. Statistical Analyses. SPSS22.0 software was adopted for with the approval of the Ethics Committee of our hospital statistical analyses of all data. GraphPad Prism 8 software after obtaining informed consent forms signed by all en- was used to make all charts. All calculations were repeated rolled individuals. three times and then averaged. ,e obtained data were expressed as (x ± s) and compared between groups via the 2.1.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. ,e inclusion criteria independent-samples T test. In addition, the predictive value P : were as follows: patients confirmed with BC according to was analyzed using ROC curves. < 0 05 suggests a re- MRI examination and pathological examination after ad- markable difference. mission and patients with detailed clinical data. ,e ex- clusion criteria were as follows: patients with other 3. Results comorbid tumors, nervous system-associated diseases, or 3.1. Changes in DWI Parameters of Breast Cysts. ,e values chronic cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, patients of ADC, Standard-ADC, and DDC of breast cysts were all with liver or kidney dysfunction, patients unable to com- higher than those of normal glands, and the differences were municate normally, patients allergic to drugs, patients who statistically significant (P < 0:05), but the values of Slow- had received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery ADC and Fast-ADC of breast cysts were not different from within half a year before admission, pregnant patients, and those of normal glands, and the differences were statistically lactating patients. significant (P < 0:05) (Figure 1). 2.2. Determination Means. Each patient was asked to lie in a 3.2. Diagnostic Value of DWI for Breast Cysts. According to prone position with upper limb lifted, and the bilateral ROC analysis, ADC value had a sensitivity of 66.67% and a mammary glands were let to naturally hang within the circle. specificity of 88.89% in predicting breast cysts; Standard- (1) Parameters for MR plain scan were as follows: T2WI; TR: ADC value had a sensitivity of 66.67% and a specificity of 4040 ms; TE: 50 ms; FOV: 360 mm × 360 mm; BW: 83.33 kHz; 100.0% in predicting breast cysts; DDC value had a sensi- echo chain length: 14; slice thickness: 4 mm; slice gap: 1 mm; tivity of 88.89% and a specificity of 77.78% in predicting matrix: 320 × 224. (2) T2WI: TR: 500 ms; TE: the minimum breast cysts, and the differences were statistically significant one; BW: 62.5 kHz; echo chain length: 3; others were the same (P < 0:05) (Figure 2). as those of (1). (3) Single b-value DWI: two diffusion sen- sitivity coefficients were selected for a single excitation spin 3.3.
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