DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0127257 A1 Schiemann Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

US 2014O127257A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0127257 A1 Schiemann et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 8, 2014 (54) DERMATOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE YEAST Publication Classification EXTRACT (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventors: Yvonne Schiemann, Essen (DE); Mike A61E36/064 (2006.01) Farwick, Essen (DE); Thomas Haas, CI2P I/02 (2006.01) Muenster (DE); Mirja Wessel, Bochum A61E36/06 (2006.01) (DE) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC ............... A61K 36/064 (2013.01); A61K 36/06 (73) Assignee: EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH, Essen (2013.01); CI2P I/02 (2013.01) (DE) USPC ...................................... 424/195.16; 435/171 (21) Appl. No.: 14/128,244 (22) PCT Fled: Jun. 14, 2012 (57) ABSTRACT (86) PCT NO.: PCT/EP2012/061263 The invention relates to a method for producing a dermato S371 (c)(1), logically active yeast extract, comprising the following steps: (2), (4) Date: Dec. 20, 2013 providing a preculture of the yeast cells, culturing the cells for (30) Foreign Application Priority Data at least fifteen minutes at a pH of 1.8-4, harvesting the cells and lysing the cells, and a yeast extract produced thereby and Jun. 29, 2011 (EP) .................................. 11171953.0 products comprising said yeast extract. Patent Application Publication May 8, 2014 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2014/O127257 A1 -0-Yarrowia------------ lipolytica -- Pichia CBS 1991 - A - Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fig. 1 US 2014/O127257 A1 May 8, 2014 DERMATOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE YEAST skin. Against the background of consumers’ uncertainty with EXTRACT respect to genetic engineering techniques, there is a particular demand for corresponding agents that can be regarded, 0001. The invention relates to a method for producing a according to strict yardsticks, as purely biological, especially dermatologically active yeast extract, comprising the follow those that can be produced without using genetic engineering ing steps: providing a preculture of the yeast cells, cultivating techniques and/or corresponding organisms. the cells for at least fifteen minutes at a pH of 1.8-4, harvesting the cells and lysing the cells, and a yeast extract produced 0007 WO2010087503 describes the biotechnological use thereby and products comprising said yeast extract. of Yarrowia for producing Succinate, but does not teach the 0002 The skin is the largest organ of the human body. use of Yarrowia extracts for dermatologically active agents. Among its many functions, for example for heat control and 0008. The problem to be solved by the invention is to as a sensory organ, its barrier function, which prevents drying provide new dermatologically active agents, application of out of the skin—and thus ultimately of the whole body is which on the skin counteracts the aforesaid effects, and meth certainly the most important. At the same time the skin acts as ods for producing said agents. Furthermore, one of the prob a protective device against the penetration and absorption of lems to be solved by the invention is to develop a dermato substances from outside. This barrier function is provided by logically active agent that is purely biological according to the epidermis, which—as the outermost layer—forms the strict criteria, i.e. in particular one that is produced without actual protective cover against the environment. With about a using genetic engineering techniques or genetically modified tenth of the total thickness, it is also the thinnest layer of the organisms. Another problem to be solved by the present skin. The epidermis is a layered tissue, in which the outer invention is to develop a dermatologically active agent that layer, the horny layer (stratum corneum), is the important part can be produced from renewable raw materials. for the barrier function. 0009. These and other problems are solved by the object of 0003 Cosmetic skin care is to be understood primarily as the present application and especially also by the object of the reinforcing or restoring the natural function of the skin as a appended independent claims, wherein embodiments follow barrier against environmental factors (e.g. dirt, chemicals, from the subclaims microorganisms) and against loss of endogenous Substances 0010. According to the invention, in a first aspect the prob (e.g. water, natural fats, electrolytes). If this function is dis lem is solved by a method for producing a dermatologically turbed, there may be increased absorption of toxic or aller active yeast extract, comprising the following steps: a) pro genic Substances or attack by microorganisms, and conse viding a preculture of the yeast cells, c) culturing the cells for quently toxic or allergic skin reactions. at least fifteen minutes at a pH from 1.8 to 4,d) harvesting the 0004. The aim of skin care is also to make up for the loss cells and e) lysing the cells. of fats and water from the skin caused by daily washing. This 0011. In a first embodiment of the first aspect, the method is particularly important when the natural capacity for regen further comprises step b) culturing the cells for at least one eration is inadequate. In addition, skin care products should hour at a temperature from 34 to 39° C. and a pH>5. protect against environmental factors, especially Sun and 0012. In a second embodiment of the first aspect, which wind, and should delay skin ageing. also represents an embodiment of the first embodiment, step 0005 Products for the care of tired, especially aged skin e) is carried out using a water-based lysis agent. are known perse. They contain e.g. retinoids (vitamin Aacid 0013. In a third embodiment of the first aspect, which also and/or derivatives thereof) or vitamin A and/or derivatives represents an embodiment of the first and second embodi thereof. However, their action on structural damage is limited ments, step b) is carried out first, and then step c). in its extent. Furthermore, in product development, 0014. In a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, which adequately stabilizing the active Substances against oxidative also represents an embodiment of the first to third embodi breakdown poses considerable difficulties. Moreover, the use ments, step c) is carried out at a temperature from 34 to 39°C. of products containing vitamin A acid often causes severe 0015. In a fifth embodiment of the first aspect, which also erythematous skin irritation. Tired skin is also often accom represents an embodiment of the first to fourth embodiments, panied by a tendency to be overweight and/or by so-called step b) takes 3 to 5 hours. cellulite with which it is often associated. Consumers’ body 0016. In a sixth embodiment of the first aspect, which also awareness has definitely increased in recent years. In addition represents an embodiment of the first to fifth embodiments, to cleaning and caring applications, steps are also increas step c) takes 45 to 75 minutes. ingly being taken for improving the body silhouette. Cellu 0017. In a seventh embodiment of the first aspect, which lite—a widespread phenomenon—occupies a central posi also represents an embodiment of the first to sixth embodi tion in this. The visible picture of cellulite is due to an increase ments, steps b) and c) are carried out at a temperature from 36 in layers of Subcutaneous fat, weakness of the connective to 38° C. tissue and a decrease in perfusion conditions in the blood and 0018. In an eighth embodiment of the first aspect, which lymphatic systems. The cause is therefore a partly constitu also represents an embodiment of the first to seventh embodi tional weakening of the connective tissue with simultaneous ments, step c) is carried out at a pH from 1.9 to 2.2. development of enlarged fat cell compartments as a result of 0019. In a ninth embodiment of the first aspect, which also being overweight, unbalanced nutrition, and lack of move represents an embodiment of the first to eighth embodiments, ment. The development of cellulite can also be attributed to the yeast cell is a yeast cell from the group of genera that increased permeability of the walls of the capillaries, which comprises Yarrowia, Saccharomyces and Pichia, and is pref allows the penetration of water into the connective tissues. erably Yarrowia. 0006 Against this background, there is an increasing 0020. In a tenth embodiment of the first aspect, which also demand for agents whose application on the skin brings about represents an embodiment of the first to ninth embodiments, alleviation or at least slowing of the adverse effects described, step b) is carried out for 3 to 5 hours at a temperature from 36 i.e. in particular has a firming and strengthening effect on the to 38°C. and step c) at a pH from 1.9 to 2.2 and a temperature US 2014/O127257 A1 May 8, 2014 from 36 to 38°C. and for 45 to 75 minutes, and the yeast cells presume that the yeast cells of the genus Yarrowia release a used are yeast cells of the genus Yarrowia. dermatologically active extract because they have cell mem 0021. According to the invention, in a second aspect the brane proteins that interact particularly well with hydropho problem is solved with a yeast extract produced according to bic, high-fat Substrates, and/or the cells comprise one or more the first aspect or one of the embodiments of the first aspect. hitherto unidentified factors that have a positive influence on 0022. According to the invention, in a third aspect, the the metabolism of skin cells. problem is solved with a dermatologically active agent, which 0031. The present invention comprises both extracts from comprises a yeast extract from yeast cells of the genus Yar Yarrowia cells, which have been stressed in every conceivable rowia or a yeast extract according to the second aspect of the way, in particular by temperature, pH and oxidation stress.
Recommended publications
  • Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report

    Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report

    Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Due date of deliverable: 21.07.2011 Actual submission date: 21.07.2011 Revision date: 21.07.2011 Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UVA Revision 0.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Page 1 of 243 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Authors Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro, M. Carmen Del Río, F. Javier Álvarez (UVa, University of Valladolid, Spain) Partners - Silvia Ravera, Susana Monteiro, Han de Gier (RUGPha, University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Gertrude Van der Linden, Sara-Ann Legrand, Kristof Pil, Alain Verstraete (UGent, Ghent University, Belgium) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon, Isabelle Mercier-Guyon (UGren, University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Katerina Touliou (CERT-HIT, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) - Michael Hei βing (BASt, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany).
  • Survey and Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances in Deodorants

    Survey and Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances in Deodorants

    Survey and risk assessment of chemical substances in deodorants Suresh C. Rastogi & Gitte Hellerup Jensen National Environmental Research Institute Jeanne Duus Johansen National Allergy Research Centre Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 86 2007 The Danish Environmental Protection Agency will, when opportunity offers, publish reports and contributions relating to environmental research and development projects financed via the Danish EPA. Please note that publication does not signify that the contents of the reports necessarily reflect the views of the Danish EPA. The reports are, however, published because the Danish EPA finds that the studies represent a valuable contribution to the debate on environmental policy in Denmark. Contents SAMMENFATNING 5 SUMMARY 7 1 INTRODUCTION 11 2 MARKET SURVEY AND PRODUCT SAMPLING 13 2.1 MARKET SURVEY 13 2.2 LEGISLATION 15 2.3 SAMPLING OF PRODUCTS AND CONTROL OF LABELLING 15 2.4 SELECTION OF PRODUCTS FOR ANALYSIS 18 3 ANALYSIS 19 3.1 MATERIALS 19 3.2 ANALYSIS 19 3.2.1 Sample preparation 19 3.2.2 Analysis of fragrance substances 19 3.2.3 Analysis of triclosan 20 4 RESULTS 21 5 RISK ASSESSMENT 27 5.1 DEODORANTS AND CONTACT ALLERGY 27 5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT – IN GENERAL 27 5.3 THE SELECTED FRAGRANCE SUBSTANCES 28 5.3.1 HYDOXYISOHEXYL 3-CYCLOHEXENE CARBOXALDEHYDE (HICC) 28 5.3.2 HYDROXYCITRONELLAL 32 5.3.3 ISOEUGENOL 33 5.3.4 CINNAMAL/CINNAMYL ALCOHOL 34 5.4 FARNESOL 35 5.5 COMMENTS CONCERNING OTHER FRAGRANCE SUBSTANCES 35 5.6 ALLERGEN LOAD OF FRAGRANCE SUBSTANCES 36 5.7 TRICLOSAN 36 6 DISCUSSION 38 7 REFERENCES 43 ANNEX 1 49 3 4 Sammenfatning Deodoranter anvendes dagligt af store dele af befolkningen og kan indeholde ingredienser, som visse duftstoffer og konserveringsmidler, der er hyppige år- sager til hudallergi.
  • Supplementary Table 1: Adhesion Genes Data Set

    Supplementary Table 1: Adhesion Genes Data Set

    Supplementary Table 1: Adhesion genes data set PROBE Entrez Gene ID Celera Gene ID Gene_Symbol Gene_Name 160832 1 hCG201364.3 A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein 223658 1 hCG201364.3 A1BG alpha-1-B glycoprotein 212988 102 hCG40040.3 ADAM10 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 133411 4185 hCG28232.2 ADAM11 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 11 110695 8038 hCG40937.4 ADAM12 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) 195222 8038 hCG40937.4 ADAM12 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) 165344 8751 hCG20021.3 ADAM15 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 15 (metargidin) 189065 6868 null ADAM17 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (tumor necrosis factor, alpha, converting enzyme) 108119 8728 hCG15398.4 ADAM19 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 (meltrin beta) 117763 8748 hCG20675.3 ADAM20 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 20 126448 8747 hCG1785634.2 ADAM21 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21 208981 8747 hCG1785634.2|hCG2042897 ADAM21 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 21 180903 53616 hCG17212.4 ADAM22 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 22 177272 8745 hCG1811623.1 ADAM23 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23 102384 10863 hCG1818505.1 ADAM28 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28 119968 11086 hCG1786734.2 ADAM29 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 29 205542 11085 hCG1997196.1 ADAM30 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 30 148417 80332 hCG39255.4 ADAM33 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33 140492 8756 hCG1789002.2 ADAM7 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 7 122603 101 hCG1816947.1 ADAM8 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8 183965 8754 hCG1996391 ADAM9 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 (meltrin gamma) 129974 27299 hCG15447.3 ADAMDEC1 ADAM-like,
  • Synthetic Strategies to Access Biologically Important Fluorinated Motifs: Fluoroalkenes and Difluoroketones by Ming-Hsiu Yang Su

    Synthetic Strategies to Access Biologically Important Fluorinated Motifs: Fluoroalkenes and Difluoroketones by Ming-Hsiu Yang Su

    Synthetic Strategies to Access Biologically Important Fluorinated Motifs: Fluoroalkenes and Difluoroketones By Ming-Hsiu Yang Submitted to the graduate degree program in Medicinal Chemistry and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Chairperson Ryan A. Altman Michael D. Clift Apurba Dutta Michael F. Rafferty Jon A. Tunge Date Defended: April 26, 2017 The Dissertation Committee for Ming-Hsiu Yang certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Synthetic Strategies to Access Biologically Important Fluorinated Motifs: Fluoroalkenes and Difluoroketones Chairperson Ryan A. Altman Date Approved: April 26, 2017 ii Abstract Ming-Hsiu Yang Department of Medicinal Chemistry, April 2017 The University of Kansas Fluorine plays an important role in drug design, because of some unique features imparted by fluorine. The incorporation of fluorine into small molecules can modulate molecular physicochemical properties, metabolic stability, lipophilicity, and binding affinity to the target proteins. However, few fluorinated molecules are biosynthesized by enzymes. This means incorporating fluorine into the molecules relies on synthetic methods. Thus, efficient synthetic strategies to access the molecules bearing a variety of privileged fluorinated moieties are important for drug discovery. Fluoroalkenes are an isopolar and isosteric mimic of an amide bond with distinct biophysical properties, including decreased H-bond donating and accepting abilities, increased lipophilicity, and metabolic stability. Moreover, fluoroalkenes can also serve as probes for conducting conformational analyses of amides. These potential applications require the development of efficient methods to access fluoroalkenes. In chapter 2, a Shapiro fluorination strategy to access peptidomimetic fluoroalkenes is demonstrated.
  • Breast Cysts and Aluminium-Based Antiperspirant Salts

    Breast Cysts and Aluminium-Based Antiperspirant Salts

    Breast cysts and aluminium-based antiperspirant salts Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open access Darbre, P. (2019) Breast cysts and aluminium-based antiperspirant salts. Clinical Dermatology: Research and Therapy, 2 (1). 128. Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/88553/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Publisher: Scientific Literature All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Clinical Dermatology: Research And Therapy Special Issue Article “Breast Cyst” Research Article Breast cysts and aluminium-based antiperspirant salts Philippa D Darbre* School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT On the basis that aluminium-based antiperspirant salts are designed to block apocrine Received Date: July 17, 2019 Accepted Date: September 23, 2019 sweat ducts of the axilla, and that breast cysts result from blocked breast ducts in the Published Date: September 30, 2019 adjacent region of the body, it has been proposed that breast cysts may arise from KEYWORDS antiperspirant use if sufficient aluminium is absorbed into breast tissues over long-term usage. This review collates evidence that aluminium can be absorbed from dermal Aluminium application of antiperspirant salts and describes studies measuring levels of aluminium Breast cancer Breast cysts in breast tissues, including in breast cyst fluids.
  • Review of the Regulation of Products at the Interface Between Cosmetics and Therapeutic Goods

    Review of the Regulation of Products at the Interface Between Cosmetics and Therapeutic Goods

    PO Box 100, Woden ACT 2606, Australia Review of the regulation of products at the interface between cosmetics and therapeutic goods 18 March 2005 Review of the regulation of products at the interface between cosmetics and therapeutic goods March 2005 Prepared for the TGA by David B Newgreen Review of the regulation of products at the interface between cosmetics and therapeutic goods CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. iii TERMS OF REFERENCE ..............................................................................................iv SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................vi RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................13 2. OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF MEDICINES AND COSMETICS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ....................................................................23 2.1 AUSTRALIA......................................................................................................23 2.2 NEW ZEALAND ...............................................................................................33 3. OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF MEDICINES AND COSMETICS IN
  • Patent Application Publication ( 10 ) Pub . No . : US 2019 / 0192440 A1

    Patent Application Publication ( 10 ) Pub . No . : US 2019 / 0192440 A1

    US 20190192440A1 (19 ) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No. : US 2019 /0192440 A1 LI (43 ) Pub . Date : Jun . 27 , 2019 ( 54 ) ORAL DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPRISING Publication Classification DRUG IN THE FORM OF NANOPARTICLES (51 ) Int . CI. A61K 9 / 20 (2006 .01 ) ( 71 ) Applicant: Triastek , Inc. , Nanjing ( CN ) A61K 9 /00 ( 2006 . 01) A61K 31/ 192 ( 2006 .01 ) (72 ) Inventor : Xiaoling LI , Dublin , CA (US ) A61K 9 / 24 ( 2006 .01 ) ( 52 ) U . S . CI. ( 21 ) Appl. No. : 16 /289 ,499 CPC . .. .. A61K 9 /2031 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 /0065 ( 22 ) Filed : Feb . 28 , 2019 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 9 / 209 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 9 /2027 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 192 ( 2013. 01 ) ; Related U . S . Application Data A61K 9 /2072 ( 2013 .01 ) (63 ) Continuation of application No. 16 /028 ,305 , filed on Jul. 5 , 2018 , now Pat . No . 10 , 258 ,575 , which is a (57 ) ABSTRACT continuation of application No . 15 / 173 ,596 , filed on The present disclosure provides a stable solid pharmaceuti Jun . 3 , 2016 . cal dosage form for oral administration . The dosage form (60 ) Provisional application No . 62 /313 ,092 , filed on Mar. includes a substrate that forms at least one compartment and 24 , 2016 , provisional application No . 62 / 296 , 087 , a drug content loaded into the compartment. The dosage filed on Feb . 17 , 2016 , provisional application No . form is so designed that the active pharmaceutical ingredient 62 / 170, 645 , filed on Jun . 3 , 2015 . of the drug content is released in a controlled manner. Patent Application Publication Jun . 27 , 2019 Sheet 1 of 20 US 2019 /0192440 A1 FIG .
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules in Normal Skin and Melanoma

    Cell Adhesion Molecules in Normal Skin and Melanoma

    biomolecules Review Cell Adhesion Molecules in Normal Skin and Melanoma Cian D’Arcy and Christina Kiel * Systems Biology Ireland & UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +353-1-716-6344 Abstract: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) of the cadherin, integrin, immunoglobulin, and selectin protein families are indispensable for the formation and maintenance of multicellular tissues, espe- cially epithelia. In the epidermis, they are involved in cell–cell contacts and in cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby contributing to the structural integrity and barrier for- mation of the skin. Bulk and single cell RNA sequencing data show that >170 CAMs are expressed in the healthy human skin, with high expression levels in melanocytes, keratinocytes, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Alterations in expression levels of CAMs are involved in melanoma propagation, interaction with the microenvironment, and metastasis. Recent mechanistic analyses together with protein and gene expression data provide a better picture of the role of CAMs in the context of skin physiology and melanoma. Here, we review progress in the field and discuss molecular mechanisms in light of gene expression profiles, including recent single cell RNA expression information. We highlight key adhesion molecules in melanoma, which can guide the identification of pathways and Citation: D’Arcy, C.; Kiel, C. Cell strategies for novel anti-melanoma therapies. Adhesion Molecules in Normal Skin and Melanoma. Biomolecules 2021, 11, Keywords: cadherins; GTEx consortium; Human Protein Atlas; integrins; melanocytes; single cell 1213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ RNA sequencing; selectins; tumour microenvironment biom11081213 Academic Editor: Sang-Han Lee 1.
  • Robust Distal Tip Cell Pathfinding in the Face of Temperature Stress Is

    Robust Distal Tip Cell Pathfinding in the Face of Temperature Stress Is

    GENETICS | INVESTIGATION Robust Distal Tip Cell Pathfinding in the Face of Temperature Stress Is Ensured by Two Conserved microRNAS in Caenorhabditis elegans Samantha L. Burke,* Molly Hammell,† and Victor Ambros*,1 *Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, and †Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 ABSTRACT Biological robustness, the ability of an organism to maintain a steady-state output as genetic or environmental inputs change, is critical for proper development. MicroRNAs have been implicated in biological robustness mechanisms through their post- transcriptional regulation of genes and gene networks. Previous research has illustrated examples of microRNAs promoting robustness as part of feedback loops and genetic switches and by buffering noisy gene expression resulting from environmental and/or internal changes. Here we show that the evolutionarily conserved microRNAs mir-34 and mir-83 (homolog of mammalian mir-29) contribute to the robust migration pattern of the distal tip cells in Caenorhabditis elegans by specifically protecting against stress from temperature changes. Furthermore, our results indicate that mir-34 and mir-83 may modulate the integrin signaling involved in distal tip cell migration by potentially targeting the GTPase cdc-42 and the beta-integrin pat-3. Our findings suggest a role for mir-34 and mir- 83 in integrin-controlled cell migrations that may be conserved through higher organisms. They also provide yet another example of microRNA-based developmental robustness in response to a specific environmental stress, rapid temperature fluctuations. KEYWORDS mir-34; mir-83; mir-29; distal tip cell migrations; robustness HE ability of a living system to maintain a steady-state as stage-specific diapause (Baugh and Sternberg 2006; Fu- Toutput in the face of environmental and physiological kuyama et al.
  • Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety on O

    Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety on O

    SCCS/1613/19 Final Opinion Version S Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety SCCS OPINION ON the safety of aluminium in cosmetic products Submission II The SCCS adopted this document at its plenary meeting on 03-04 March 2020 SCCS/1613/19 Final Opinion Opinion on the safety of aluminium in cosmetic products – submission II ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Members of the Working Group are acknowledged for their valuable contribution to this Opinion. The members of the Working Group are: For the preliminary and the final versions SCCS members Dr U. Bernauer Dr L. Bodin (Rapporteur) Prof. Q. Chaudhry (SCCS Chair) Prof. P.J. Coenraads (SCCS Vice-Chair and Chairperson of the WG) Prof. M. Dusinska Dr J. Ezendam Dr E. Gaffet Prof. C. L. Galli Dr B. Granum Prof. E. Panteri Prof. V. Rogiers (SCCS Vice-Chair) Dr Ch. Rousselle Dr M. Stepnik Prof. T. Vanhaecke Dr S. Wijnhoven SCCS external experts Dr A. Koutsodimou Dr A. Simonnard Prof. W. Uter All Declarations of Working Group members are available on the following webpage: http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/experts/declarations/sccs_en.htm This Opinion has been subject to a commenting period of a minimum eight weeks after its initial publication (from 16 December 2019 until 17 February 2020). Comments received during this time period are considered by the SCCS. For this Opinion, some changes occurred, in particular in sections 1, 3.2, 3.3.4.5, 3.3.8.1, 3.5, as well as in related discussion parts and conclusion (question 1). The list of references has also been updated.
  • Vr Meds Ex01 3B 0825S Coding Manual Supplement Page 1

    Vr Meds Ex01 3B 0825S Coding Manual Supplement Page 1

    vr_meds_ex01_3b_0825s Coding Manual Supplement MEDNAME OTHER_CODE ATC_CODE SYSTEM THER_GP PHRM_GP CHEM_GP SODIUM FLUORIDE A12CD01 A01AA01 A A01 A01A A01AA SODIUM MONOFLUOROPHOSPHATE A12CD02 A01AA02 A A01 A01A A01AA HYDROGEN PEROXIDE D08AX01 A01AB02 A A01 A01A A01AB HYDROGEN PEROXIDE S02AA06 A01AB02 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE B05CA02 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE D08AC02 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE D09AA12 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE R02AA05 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE S01AX09 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE S02AA09 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE S03AA04 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB AMPHOTERICIN B A07AA07 A01AB04 A A01 A01A A01AB AMPHOTERICIN B G01AA03 A01AB04 A A01 A01A A01AB AMPHOTERICIN B J02AA01 A01AB04 A A01 A01A A01AB POLYNOXYLIN D01AE05 A01AB05 A A01 A01A A01AB OXYQUINOLINE D08AH03 A01AB07 A A01 A01A A01AB OXYQUINOLINE G01AC30 A01AB07 A A01 A01A A01AB OXYQUINOLINE R02AA14 A01AB07 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN A07AA01 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN B05CA09 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN D06AX04 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN J01GB05 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN R02AB01 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN S01AA03 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN S02AA07 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN S03AA01 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE A07AC01 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE D01AC02 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE G01AF04 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE J02AB01 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE S02AA13 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB NATAMYCIN A07AA03 A01AB10 A A01
  • Breast Cysts and Aluminium-Based Antiperspirant Salts

    Breast Cysts and Aluminium-Based Antiperspirant Salts

    Clinical Dermatology: Research And Therapy Special Issue Article “Breast Cyst” Research Article Breast cysts and aluminium-based antiperspirant salts Philippa D Darbre* School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT On the basis that aluminium-based antiperspirant salts are designed to block apocrine Received Date: July 17, 2019 Accepted Date: September 23, 2019 sweat ducts of the axilla, and that breast cysts result from blocked breast ducts in the Published Date: September 30, 2019 adjacent region of the body, it has been proposed that breast cysts may arise from KEYWORDS antiperspirant use if sufficient aluminium is absorbed into breast tissues over long-term usage. This review collates evidence that aluminium can be absorbed from dermal Aluminium application of antiperspirant salts and describes studies measuring levels of aluminium Breast cancer Breast cysts in breast tissues, including in breast cyst fluids. It is notable that breast cysts, as for Antiperspiran breast cancers, start most frequently in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, which is the region closest to the site of underarm antiperspirant application. Mechanistic Copyright: © 2019 Philippa D Darbre. evidence is reviewed for a link between aluminium levels in breast tissue, cyst Clinical Dermatology: Research And Therapy. This is an open access article formation and development of breast cancer. If excessive use of antiperspirant is a distributed under the Creative cause of breast cysts, then reduction or cessation of use could provide a preventative Commons Attribution License, which or even treatment strategy. Furthermore, if cyst formation from antiperspirant use is permits unrestricted use, distribution, an indicator of increased risk for breast cancer, then reduction in use of antiperspirant and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly could also provide a strategy for reducing breast cancer risk.