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Perla Ética De La Comunicació Perla Anaya, José, 1947- Ética de la comunicación periodística. 1.a ed. Lima: Universidad de Lima. Fondo Editorial, 2013. 258 pp. (Colección Investigaciones) Bibliografía: pp. 251-257 Contenido: La ética periodística según los periodistas -- La ética periodística según el Tribunal de Ética del Consejo de la Prensa Peruana -- Conclusiones 1. Ética periodística – Perú 2. Periodismo – Legislación – Perú – Historia 3. Periodistas peruanos – Entrevistas 4. Información periodística – Rectificación 5. Tribunal de Ética del Consejo de la Prensa Peruana – Resoluciones I. Universidad de Lima. Fondo Editorial 070.4017 P455 (DDC 22) ISBN 978-9972-45-278-9 Colección Investigaciones Ética de la comunicación periodística Primera edición, agosto 2013 © Fondo Editorial Universidad de Lima Av. Manuel Olguín 125, Urb. Los Granados, Lima 33 Apartado postal 852, Lima 100 Teléfono: 437-6767, anexos 30130 y 30131 Fax: 435-3396 [email protected] www.ulima.edu.pe Diseño, edición y carátula: Fondo Editorial Impreso en el Perú Se prohíbe la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, por cualquier medio, sin permiso expreso del Fondo Editorial. ISBN 978-9972-45-278-9 Hecho el depósito legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú Nº 2013-10546 Índice Introducción 11 Primera parte. La ética periodística según los periodistas 19 1. Principales tópicos destacados por los periodistas entrevistados 25 1.1 Origen y ámbito de la ética 25 1.2 Fuentes de carácter ético en el periodismo 26 1.3 Principios fundamentales del trabajo periodístico 40 1.4 Imagen social de los periodistas 54 1.5 Autores que estudian o propagan la ética periodística 58 1.6 Diferencia entre información y opinión 59 1.7 Diferencia entre la opinión de la empresa de comunicación y la opinión de los periodistas 62 1.8 Relación entre la empresa y los periodistas 63 1.9 Comportamiento de las empresas y los periodistas durante la campaña electoral del 2011 65 1.10 Deber de rectificación 69 1.11 Tribunales de ética 71 1.12 Relación entre la ética, el dinero y el éxito de las empresas periodísticas y de los periodistas 76 1.13 Periodismo y participación ciudadana 82 1.14 La libertad de expresión a partir del año 2000 86 1.15 Regulación estatal de la prensa 88 2. Entrevistas a los periodistas 93 Carlos Bejarano 93 Marianne Blanco 97 Jerónimo Centurión 100 Daniel Chicoma 105 [7] 8 JOSÉ PERLA ANAYA Rosana Cueva 109 Pedro García 111 Pilar Higashi 116 Mávila Huertas 121 Eduardo Lavado 128 Milagros Leiva 132 Pedro Ortiz 138 Jaime Rázuri 143 Carlos Rivadeneyra 148 Carlos Salas 151 Nicolás Salazar 154 Segunda parte. La ética periodística según el Tribunal de Ética del Consejo de la Prensa Peruana 159 1. Antecedentes 161 2. Reseñas y comentarios de las resoluciones seleccionadas 164 2.1 Caso de rectificación. Helbert Salmavides contra el diario El Comercio 164 2.2 Caso de queja. Ángel Páez contra varios órganos periodísticos 169 2.3 Caso de rectificacion y queja. Ricardo Márquez Flores contra el diario Expreso 171 2.4 Caso de rectificación y queja. José A. Cruz Descailleaux contra los diarios La República y El Popular 174 2.5 Caso de rectificación y queja. Manuel Lajo Lazo contra el diario Expreso 176 2.6 Caso de rectificación y queja. Humberto Ponce Alberti contra el diario El Comercio 178 2.7 Caso de queja y rectificación. Aurelio Loret de Mola contra el diario Correo 180 2.8 Caso de queja. Cecilia Valenzuela contra la revista Caretas 182 2.9 Caso de rectificación y queja. Jorge Mufarech Nemy contra la periodista Cecilia Valenzuela 184 2.10 Caso de queja. Aurelio Loret de Mola y César Gonzalo Luzza contra el programa periodístico La Ventana Indiscreta 186 ÍNDICE 9 2.11 Caso de rectificación y queja. Luis Solari de la Fuente contra el programa periodístico 90 segundos 188 2.12 Caso de queja. Luis Solari de la Fuente contra el programa periodístico La Hora N de Canal N 189 2.13 Caso de queja. María Amelia Trigoso Barentzen contra el programa La Ventana Indiscreta 191 2.14 Caso de queja. Aurelio Loret de Mola y Alberto Otárola Peñaranda contra el diario Correo 192 2.15 Caso de queja. Juana Meza Peña contra la revista Caretas 194 2.16 Caso de queja. Dennis Alonso Ramos García contra el diario Liberación 196 2.17 Caso de queja. Luis Solari de la Fuente contra el programa La Ventana Indiscreta 198 2.18 Caso de queja. Eliane Karp de Toledo contra el programa La Ventana Indiscreta 201 2.19 Caso de queja. Juan Miguel Guerrero Orbegozo contra el programa televisivo 90 segundos 202 2.20 Caso de rectificación. Rafael Rey Rey contra el diario La República 205 2.21 Caso de queja. José Samanez Acebo, por grupo La República S.A. contra el diario Correo de Chiclayo 207 2.22 Caso de queja. Ricardo Letts Colmenares contra la revista Caretas 210 2.23 Caso de queja. Ricardo Uceda contra la revista Caretas 212 2.24 Caso de queja. Mauricio Mulder Bedoya contra el diario La República 213 2.25 Caso de rectificación. Nelly Calderón Navarro contra el diario La República 214 2.26 Caso de queja. José Horacio Basualdo Márquez contra el diario Líbero 216 2.27 Caso de queja. Pedro Morales Mansilla contra el diario Correo 217 2.28 Caso de queja. Nicolás Lúcar de la Portilla contra el diario Trome 219 2.29 Caso de queja. Movimiento político independiente Alianza por Tacna contra Radio Uno 220 10 JOSÉ PERLA ANAYA 2.30 Caso de queja. Lenith Meléndez Maldonado contra el diario Ajá 222 2.31 Caso de rectificación. Henry Luna Montesinos contra el diario Trome 223 2.32 Caso de rectificación. Carmen Rojjasi Pella contra el diario El Comercio 225 2.33 Caso de queja. Fedapaz y Javier Rodolfo Jahncke Benavente contra el diario Correo (de Piura) 227 2.34 Caso de queja. Shellah Allison Hoefken contra la revista Caretas 229 2.35 Caso de queja. Luis Alejandro Giampietri Rojas contra el diario La República 231 2.36 Caso de queja. Mónica Vecco Ordóñez contra el diario La Primera 234 2.37 Caso de queja. John Víctor Flores Luque contra el diario El Popular 235 2.38 Caso de queja. Comercial Tres Estrellas S.A. contra el diario El Comercio 237 2.39 Caso de queja. Municipalidad Distrital de Surco contra la revista Caretas 239 2.40 Caso de queja. EsSalud contra el diario La Primera 240 Conclusiones 243 Bibliografía 251 Introducción Principios, reglas, valores. Los tres conceptos enunciados identifican los componentes de lo que denominamos ética. Los principios son las verdades fundamentales, las premisas indiscutibles, los supuestos básicos. Por ejemplo: todos los seres humanos nacen libres. Las reglas son las explicitaciones, las formalizaciones de los principios en normas de conducta. En el mundo de hoy la atribución de producir e impo- ner reglas jurídicas corresponde principalmente al Estado, que lo debe hacer por escrito y siguiendo determinados procedimientos. En cambio, la normati- va ética general se gesta oralmente en la sociedad según cada tiempo y lugar. Siguiendo el ejemplo anterior, entre otras, son reglas derivadas del principio de libertad humana universal las siguientes: todas las personas gozan de la libertad de expresión, de la libertad de tránsito, de la libertad de culto. Los valores son los fines satisfactorios, los resultados beneficiosos, las consecuencias positivas que se busca alcanzar, sea para el individuo o para la sociedad, mediante el respeto de los principios y la aplicación de las reglas derivadas de ellos. En el ejemplo señalado líneas arriba, podría ser que como consecuencia del reconocimiento del principio de la libertad de las personas y mediante la práctica o ejercicio de la regla correspondiente que garantiza dicha libertad, se busca alcanzar el valor de la realización individual de cada persona y el valor de la integración entre los miembros del grupo. En las obras sobre ética periodística a veces se mencionan, explícita o implícitamente, los tres conceptos antedichos; es decir, los principios, las reglas y los valores, en forma individual o en conjunto, con las mismas o con otras palabras, a veces con igual o parecido significado o también en orden diverso. Así, por ejemplo, María Teresa Herrán y Javier Darío Restre- po, al relatar una experiencia de discusión sobre el comportamiento de los periodistas, dicen: «En los debates públicos y privados sobre ese tema se [11] 12 JOSÉ PERLA ANAYA dio por supuesto que el ejercicio profesional se funda en el respeto de unos valores y la observancia de unas normas de conducta…» (2005: 18). Los mencionados autores hablan de la confusión moral de nuestro tiem- po y explican que los valores éticos surgen para satisfacer una necesidad a la que debe dársele respuesta. En la línea de dicha aserción, me parece válido decir que en concreto la existencia de la ética se explica por la uti- lidad que ella nos brinda para el logro específico de la sobrevivencia, la convivencia y el desarrollo del grupo. Estas son las tres finalidades básicas que persiguen los seres humanos a lo largo de su historia, los pilares sobre los que se sostiene y se explica toda su existencia personal y grupal. Algunos estudiosos del tema consideran que la conciencia moral de la cual surgen las calificaciones o juicios éticos que hacemos de los actos humanos como buenos o malos es fundamentalmente de origen subjetivo, es decir que proviene de las experiencias y pensamientos personales y se agota en ellos. Esta es la concepción más difundida en el mundo contempo- ráneo, sobre todo entre los miembros de las nuevas generaciones, quienes la aplican también en lo concerniente a su ética laboral o profesional.
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