Dissertation Die Zyklografie Wilhelm Fiedlers
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A Calendar of Mathematical Dates January
A CALENDAR OF MATHEMATICAL DATES V. Frederick Rickey Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy West Point, NY 10996-1786 USA Email: fred-rickey @ usma.edu JANUARY 1 January 4713 B.C. This is Julian day 1 and begins at noon Greenwich or Universal Time (U.T.). It provides a convenient way to keep track of the number of days between events. Noon, January 1, 1984, begins Julian Day 2,445,336. For the use of the Chinese remainder theorem in determining this date, see American Journal of Physics, 49(1981), 658{661. 46 B.C. The first day of the first year of the Julian calendar. It remained in effect until October 4, 1582. The previous year, \the last year of confusion," was the longest year on record|it contained 445 days. [Encyclopedia Brittanica, 13th edition, vol. 4, p. 990] 1618 La Salle's expedition reached the present site of Peoria, Illinois, birthplace of the author of this calendar. 1800 Cauchy's father was elected Secretary of the Senate in France. The young Cauchy used a corner of his father's office in Luxembourg Palace for his own desk. LaGrange and Laplace frequently stopped in on business and so took an interest in the boys mathematical talent. One day, in the presence of numerous dignitaries, Lagrange pointed to the young Cauchy and said \You see that little young man? Well! He will supplant all of us in so far as we are mathematicians." [E. T. Bell, Men of Mathematics, p. 274] 1801 Giuseppe Piazzi (1746{1826) discovered the first asteroid, Ceres, but lost it in the sun 41 days later, after only a few observations. -
La Geometria Proiettiva Complessa Origini E Sviluppi Da Von Staudt a Segre E Cartan
DOTTORATO DI RICERCA in Storia e Didattica delle Matematiche, Storia e Didattica della Fisica, Storia e Didattica della Chimica Ciclo XX - 2005/2006 Consorzio tra Università Bologna, Università Catania, Università di Bratislava (Slovacchia), Università Nitra (Slovacchia), Università di Napoli “Federico II, Università di Alicante (Spagna), Università di Pavia, Università di Palermo, CIRE (Centro Interdipartimentale Ricerche Educative, Università di Palermo) SEDE AMMINISTRATIVA: UNIVERSITÀ DI PALERMO CARMELA ZAPPULLA La Geometria Proiettiva Complessa Origini e sviluppi da von Staudt a Segre e Cartan Tutor Prof. Aldo Brigaglia TESI DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA Palermo 2009 0 A mio figlio Pietro 1 Indice INDICE Pag. 2 INTRODUZIONE Pag. 5 CAP. 1. I NUMERI COMPLESSI E LA LORO ORIGINE Pag. 9 CAP. 2. LE ORIGINI DELLA RAPPRESENTAZIONE DEI NUMERI COMPLESSI Pag. 19 2.1 Wessell Pag. 21 2.2 Gauss Pag. 23 2.3 Argand Pag. 27 2.4 Buée Pag. 32 2.5 Cauchy Pag. 35 2.6 Carnot Pag. 39 2.7 Bellavitis Pag. 43 CAP. 3. VERSO LA DEFINIZIONE DELLA GEOMETRIA PROIETTIVA COMPLESSA Pag. 49 3.1 La teoria delle inversioni (Dandelin, Quetelet, Steiner, Pag. 51 Pluecker) 3.2 Bellavitis Pag. 58 3.3 Möbius Pag. 61 3.4 von Staudt Pag. 72 CAP. 4. LA GEOMETRIA PROIETTIVA COMPLESSA IN ITALIA Pag. 79 4.1 Introduzione Pag. 81 4.2 Segre 1888 Pag. 83 4.2.1 Contenuto della memoria (Segre 1888) Pag. 86 4.3 Segre 1889-91 Pag. 96 4.3.1 Contenuto della memoria (Segre 1889-91) Pag. 97 4.4 Segre 1892 Pag. 114 4.4.1 Contenuto della memoria (Segre 1892) Pag. -
Méthodes, Figures Et Pratiques De La Géométrie Au Début Du Dix
THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Discipline : Mathématiques présentée par Jemma Lorenat pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’université Pierre et Marie Curie et de Doctor of Philosophy of Simon Fraser University “Die Freude an der Gestalt ”: méthodes, figures et pratiques de la géométrie au début du dix-neuvième siècle Thèse dirigée par Thomas Archibald et Catherine Goldstein présentée et soutenue publiquement le 10 avril 2015 devant un jury composé de Mme Nilima Nigam, professor, Simon Fraser University (Burnaby, Canada), présidente du jury M. Christian Gilain, professeur émérite, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris, France), examinateur M. Dirk Schlimm, associate professor, Mac Gill University (Montréal, Canada), rapporteur M. Thomas Archibald, professor, Simon Fraser University (Burnaby, Canada), directeur Mme Catherine Goldstein, directrice de recherche au CNRS, Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu-Paris Gauche (Paris, France), directrice Rapporteur non présent à la soutenance : M. Philippe Nabonnand, pro- fesseur à l’université de Lorraine (Nancy, France) c Simon Fraser University (Canada) et Université Pierre et Marie Curie (France) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, this research would not have been possible without the encouragements, critiques, and administrative feats of my dissertation directors, Tom Archibald and Catherine Goldstein. They continually inspire me with their dedication, understanding, exactitude, generosity, and often uncanny ability to succinctly state what I am trying to express in so many words. I am grateful for all the reporters and members of my committee, in particular to Nilima Nigam who joined at the very beginning and has offered valuable support and recommendations over the past four years. My family has been a source of comfort and wisdom. -
Methods, Figures, and Practices in Early Nineteenth Century Geometry
Die Freude an der Gestalt: Methods, Figures, and Practices in Early Nineteenth Century Geometry by Jemma Lorenat M. A., City University of New York Graduate Center, B. A., San Francisco State University Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Joint Degree (cotutelle) Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science at Simon Fraser University (Canada); Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu-Paris Rive Gauche (France) c Jemma Lorenat 2015 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2015 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced without authorization under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Jemma Lorenat Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Mathematics) Title of Thesis: Die Freude an der Gestalt: Methods, Figures, and Practices in Early Nineteenth Century Geometry Examining Committee: Brenda Davison Chair Department of Mathematics Dr. Thomas Archibald Senior Supervisor (co-tutelle) Professor Dr. Catherine Goldstein Senior Supervisor (co-tutelle) Directrice de recherche au CNRS, Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu-Paris Rive gauche Dr. Nilima Nigam Supervisor Professor Dr. Christian Gilain Internal Examiner (co-tutelle) by videoconference (Paris) Professeur émérite à l’Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie (Paris 6) Dr. Dirk Schlimm External Examiner Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, McGill University Date Defended: 10 April 2015 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii ABSTRACT As recounted by later historians, modern geometry began with Jean Victor Poncelet, whose contributions then spread to Germany alongside an opposition between geometric methods that came to be exemplified by the antagonism of Julius Plücker, an analytic geometer, and Jakob Steiner, a synthetic geometer. -
SKRIPTUM Zur Lehrveranstaltung GEOMETRIE FÜR LEHRAMT Von
SKRIPTUM zur Lehrveranstaltung GEOMETRIE FÜR LEHRAMT von Ferdinand Österreicher Fachbereich Mathematik der Universität Salzburg Salzburg Oktober 2014 1 2 Contents 1 Einleitung 5 2 Synthetische Geometrie 9 2.1 Kegelschnitte ........................... 9 2.1.1 Einstieg .......................... 9 2.1.2 Erarbeitung mit Hilfe der Darstellenden Geometrie . 11 2.1.3 Brennpunkt-Leitlinie-Parametrisierung . 11 2.2 Die Zentralperspektive . 16 2.2.1 Der Satz von Pappos . 17 2.2.2 Ausblick: Pappos und die harmonische Teilung . 24 2.2.3 Übungsaufgabe zur Zentralperspektive . 28 2.2.4 Der Satz von Desargues . 33 2.2.5 Ausblick: Falsche Perspektive . 35 3 Analytische Geometrie 37 3.1 Ausgewählte Texte aus Descartes’ Geometrie . 37 3.2 Tangentenkonstruktion für die Kegelschnitte nach Fermat . 41 3.3 Darstellung der Kegelschnitte in Cartesischen Koordinaten . 44 3.3.1 Parabel .......................... 44 3.3.2 Ellipse und Hyperbel . 45 3.3.3 Darstellung mit Hilfe einer Leitlinie . 48 3.3.4 Darstellung in Polarkoordinaten . 51 3.3.5 Archimedes’ Quadratur der Parabel . 52 3.3.6 Klassifikation der Kegelschnitte mit Hilfe von Schwer- linien............................ 55 3.4 Anwendungen der Kegelschnitte . 57 3.4.1 Das Delische Problem . 57 3.4.2 Physik und Astronomie . 59 3 4 CONTENTS 3.4.3 Sonnenuhren, Optik, Akustik, Architektur und Erdab- plattung.......................... 67 3.5 Quadriken............................. 73 3.5.1 Normalformtypen . 73 3.5.2 Wiederholung zu Bewegungen (Isometrien) im R2 . 74 3.5.3 Quadriken......................... 76 3.6 Hüllkurven und Krümmung . 88 3.6.1 Hüllkurven einer Geradenschar . 88 3.6.2 Krümmungsradius und Krümmung . 95 3.6.3 Ausblick: Traktrix und Kettenlinie . -
Probable Histories: Novel Recoveries of the Past by Margaret Kolb A
Probable Histories: Novel Recoveries of the Past By Margaret Kolb A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ian Duncan, Chair Professor Kevis Goodman Professor Catherine Gallagher Professor Paolo Mancosu Summer 2016 Abstract Probable Histories: Novel Recoveries of the Past By Margaret Kolb Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Professor Ian Duncan, Chair The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries witnessed the simultaneous rise of two discourses that promised to explain the past and predict the future: probability and the novel. The two were not merely historically coincident. In dialogue from the start, “Probable Histories” argues that probability and the novel were also mutually constitutive. Drawing on standard histories of each, I summarize their respective “rises” in the eighteenth century and analyze their interdependence. I then turn to a series of case studies, investigating the novels of Henry Fielding, Charlotte Lennox, Walter Scott, George Eliot, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy as points of intersection between the concerns of probability and those of the novel. The project reveals how these two modes of temporal projection extend and inform one another as modes of prediction. In so doing, “Probable Histories” offers a new account of the novel’s shared role in conceptualizing causation. 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………………….……………………… i Introduction……………………………….……………………... 1 Chapter 1……………………….………………………………… 6 Chapter 2 ………………………..………………………………... 23 Chapter 3……………………….…………………………………. 43 Chapter 4 ……………………….………………………………… 61 Chapter 5 ……………………….………………………………… 76 i Acknowledgements Thanks to the Mabelle McLeod Lewis Foundation, the UC Berkeley English Department, and the Hart Summer Grant for providing financial support. -
On the Advancements of Conformal Transformations and Their Associated Symmetries in Geometry and Theoretical Physics1
DESY 08{107 On the Advancements of Conformal Transformations and their Associated Symmetries in Geometry and Theoretical Physics1 H.A. Kastrup2 DESY, Theory Group Notkestr. 85, D-22603 Hamburg Germany PACS 03.70.+k, 11.25.Hf, 11.30.-j Dedicated to the memory of Julius Wess (1934-2007), colleague and friend for many years Abstract The historical developments of conformal transformations and symmetries are sketched: Their origin from stereographic projections of the globe, their blossoming in two dimen- sions within the field of analytic complex functions, the generic role of transformations by reciprocal radii in dimensions higher than two and their linearization in terms of poly- spherical coordinates by Darboux, Weyl's attempt to extend General Relativity, the slow rise of finite dimensional conformal transformations in classical field theories and the prob- arXiv:0808.2730v1 [physics.hist-ph] 20 Aug 2008 lem of their interpretation, then since about 1970 the rapid spread of their acceptance for asymptotic and structural problems in quantum field theories and beyond, up to the current AdS=CF T conjecture. The occasion for the present article: hundred years ago Bateman and Cunningham dis- covered the form invariance of Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism with respect to conformal space-time transformations. 1Invited contribution to the special issue (Sept./Oct. 2008) of Annalen der Physik (Berlin) comme- morating Hermann Minkowski's lecture on \Raum und Zeit", Sept. 1908, in Cologne. 2E-mail: [email protected] Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 The occasion . 2 1.2 The issue . 4 1.2.1 Conformal mappings as point transformations . -
Methods, Figures and Practices in Early Nineteenth Century Geometry
"Die Freude an der Gestalt" : methods, figures and practices in early nineteenth century geometry Jemma Lorenat To cite this version: Jemma Lorenat. "Die Freude an der Gestalt" : methods, figures and practices in early nine- teenth century geometry. History and Overview [math.HO]. Universit´ePierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2015. English. <NNT : 2015PA066079>. <tel-01158895> HAL Id: tel-01158895 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01158895 Submitted on 2 Jun 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Discipline : Mathématiques présentée par Jemma Lorenat pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’université Pierre et Marie Curie et de Doctor of Philosophy of Simon Fraser University “Die Freude an der Gestalt ”: méthodes, figures et pratiques de la géométrie au début du dix-neuvième siècle Thèse dirigée par Thomas Archibald et Catherine Goldstein présentée et soutenue publiquement le 10 avril 2015 devant un jury composé de Mme Nilima Nigam, professor, Simon Fraser University (Burnaby, Canada), présidente du jury M. Christian Gilain, professeur émérite, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris, France), examinateur M. Dirk Schlimm, associate professor, Mac Gill University (Montréal, Canada), rapporteur M. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Probable Histories: Novel Recoveries of the Past Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j37s643 Author Kolb, Margaret Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Probable Histories: Novel Recoveries of the Past By Margaret Kolb A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ian Duncan, Chair Professor Kevis Goodman Professor Catherine Gallagher Professor Paolo Mancosu Summer 2016 Abstract Probable Histories: Novel Recoveries of the Past By Margaret Kolb Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Professor Ian Duncan, Chair The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries witnessed the simultaneous rise of two discourses that promised to explain the past and predict the future: probability and the novel. The two were not merely historically coincident. In dialogue from the start, “Probable Histories” argues that probability and the novel were also mutually constitutive. Drawing on standard histories of each, I summarize their respective “rises” in the eighteenth century and analyze their interdependence. I then turn to a series of case studies, investigating the novels of Henry Fielding, Charlotte Lennox, Walter Scott, George Eliot, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy as points of intersection between the concerns of probability and those of the novel. The project reveals how these two modes of temporal projection extend and inform one another as modes of prediction. In so doing, “Probable Histories” offers a new account of the novel’s shared role in conceptualizing causation. -
Philosophie Mathématique
AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm Universit¶ede Lorraine / LHSP / AHP Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie Archives Henri Poincar¶e(UMR 7117) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / HCTE Hist¶oriadas Ci^enciase das T¶ecnicase Epistemologia Etienne¶ BOBILLIER (1798 - 1840) : parcours math¶ematique,enseignant et professionnel. Th`esede doctorat en co-tutelle pr¶esent¶eepar Cleber Haubrichs dos Santos sous direction de Philippe Nabonnand et Tatiana Roque 2015 Cleber Haubrichs dos Santos ETIENNE¶ BOBILLIER (1798-1840) : PARCOURS MATHEMATIQUE,¶ ENSEIGNANT ET PROFESSIONNEL Th`ese de doctorat en co-tutelle present¶ee `al'Ecole¶ Doctorale \Langages, Temps, Soci¶et¶es"de la Universit¶ede Lorraine et `ale Programa de P¶os-Gradua»c~aoHist¶oriadas Ci^enciase das T¶ecnicase Epistemologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Th`eseapprouv¶eele 03 d¶ecembre 2015. Directeurs