PRISM • AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS HOLOCAUST FOR JOURNAL INTERDISCIPLINARY •AN PRISM AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS • A ROTHMAN FOUNDATION PUBLICATION

AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS

EDITORS: DR. KAREN SHAWN, University, New York, NY DR. JEFFREY GLANZ, Yeshiva University, New York, NY

EDITORIAL BOARD: DR. ADEN BAR-TURA, Bar-Ilan University,

YESHIVA UNIVERSITY • AZRIELI GRADUATE SCHOOL OF JEWISH EDUCATION AND ADMINISTRATION DARRYLE CLOTT, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI DR. KEREN GOLDFRAD, Bar-Ilan University, Israel BRANA GUREWITSCH, Museum of Jewish Heritage– A Living Memorial to , New York, NY DR. DENNIS KLEIN, Kean University, Union, NJ DR. MARCIA SACHS LITTELL, School of Graduate Studies, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona SPRING 2011 CARSON PHILLIPS, York University, Toronto, Canada VOLUME 3 DR. ROBERT ROZETT, , , Israel ISSN 1949-2707 DR. DAVID SCHNALL, Yeshiva University, New York, NY DR. WILLIAM SHULMAN, President, Association of Holocaust Organizations, New York, NY DR. SAMUEL TOTTEN, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville DR. WILLIAM YOUNGLOVE, California State University, Long Beach

ART EDITOR: DR. PNINA ROSENBERG, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

POETRY EDITOR: DR. CHARLES ADÈS FISHMAN, Emeritus Distinguished Professor, State University of New York

ADVISORY BOARD: STEPHEN FEINBERG, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC DR. LEO GOLDBERGER, Professor Emeritus, , NY DR. YAACOV LOZOWICK, Historian, Jerusalem, Israel YITZCHAK MAIS, Historian, Museum Consultant, Jerusalem, Israel RABBI DR. BERNHARD ROSENBERG, Congregation Beth-El, Edison, NJ MARK SARNA, Second Generation, Real Estate Developer, Attorney, Englewood, NJ DR. DAVID SILBERKLANG, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel SIMCHA STEIN, Historian, Upper Galilee, Israel DR. EFRAIM ZUROFF, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Jerusalem, Israel

AZRIELI GRADUATE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT EDITORS: DR. SHANI BECHHOFER DR. CHAIM FEUERMAN DR. SCOTT GOLDBERG DR. MOSHE KRAKOWSKI DR. RONA MILCH NOVICK SPRING 2011 • VOLUME 3 2011 •VOLUME SPRING DR. DAVID PELCOVITZ DR. MOSHE SOKOLOW

ART DIRECTOR: BORIS VOLUNUEV, Yeshiva University, New York, NY

RESEARCH ASSISTANT: EMILY AMIE WITTY, Yeshiva University, New York, NY

PROJECT MANAGER: STEVEN SCHLOSS, Yeshiva University, New York, NY COPY EDITOR: RACHEL WITTY, Brooklyn, NY In memory of Henry I. Rothman and Bertha G. Rothman

“who lived and fought for Torah-true ”

Published through the courtesy of the HENRY, BERTHA and EDWARD ROTHMAN FOUNDATION Rochester, N.Y. • Circleville, Ohio • Cleveland, Ohio Call for Manuscripts

AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATORS

PRISM: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Holocaust Educators is a publication of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration at Yeshiva University. It is made possible by a generous grant from the Henry, Bertha, and Edward Rothman Foundation. At present, single issues are complimentary. Multiple copies for classroom use are available at $10 per copy. Contact Emily Amie Witty at [email protected] to purchase copies.

EDUCATORS, HISTORIANS, PSYCHOLOGISTS, THEOLOGIANS, ARTISTS, WRITERS, POETS, AND OTHER INTERESTED AUTHORS ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTS ON THE FOLLOWING THEMES: The Holocaust and Heroism—In press The Kindertransport—Submissions due May 1, 2012 Open Issue, Unthemed—Submissions due May 1, 2013

KEEP IN MIND: • All submissions must be sent as e-mailed attachments in Microsoft Word, using Times New Roman 12 font type. • All text s