Name: ______Date______Period: ______

REFORMERS: ABOLITIONISTS

Even though the Declaration of Independence states that all men are created equal, slaves were not treated equally and had no liberty. The rights stated in the Constitution did not apply to them. Slaves were considered property. Many northerners disagreed with slavery and joined the abolitionist movement.

What does it mean to abolish something? ______

PROFILES OF ABOLITIONISTS Douglass was born a slave in Maryland. Against his owner’s wishes, he helped himself learn how to read as a child. He later escaped from his owner in Maryland and went to New York, a free state. There, he joined Frederick the abolitionist movement – a group of whites and free blacks who fought Douglass to end slavery. He soon became a leader of this movement. He spoke at anti-slavery meetings all over the North and started his own anti-slavery newspaper called the North Star. He often spoke and wrote about his own experiences as a slave, bringing his audiences to tears.

1. Why do you think Douglass was such a successful abolitionist leader? Be specific.

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Unlike Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison never experienced slavery. William However, he knew of the evils of slavery and fought hard to end it. Garrison was one of the most outspoken and fiery of all the abolitionists. Lloyd He believed that slavery was “an evil to be ended immediately”. In 1831, Garrison started The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper. A year later he Garrison started the New England Anti-Slavery Society.

2. Identify one similarity and one difference between Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. ______

The Grimke Sisters were daughters of a South Carolina slave owner. They saw firsthand how slaves were treated. Even though their father owned slaves, they came to hate slavery and moved to Philadelphia to work for abolition. They spoke to large crowds at anti-slavery meetings. At these meetings, they were often disrespected by men who believed that women should not speak out in public. Seeing this disrespect, the Grimke sisters Grimkè Sisters also began fighting for women’s rights as well as abolition of slavery. (Sarah & Angelina)

3. Why did the Grimke sisters later become women’s rights leaders as well as abolitionists?

______“I never ran my train off the track, and I never lost a passenger.” – Harriet Tubman

Born a slave, Tubman escaped in 1828. She then helped other slaves Harriet escape to the north and Canada using her Underground Railroad. After Tubman her escape, she returned to the South 19 times and helped over 300 slaves - including her parents - escape on the Underground Railroad. On each of her return trips, she faced the great danger of being caught and punished. By the 1850s, white Southerners were offering a $40,000 reward (over $1 million in today’s dollars) for her capture. She was never caught. Tubman went on to become a leading abolitionist.

4. Why did Tubman create the Underground Railroad? ______

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OPPOSITION TO ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT NEGATIVE REACTIONS IN THE NEGATIVE REACTIONS IN THE NORTH SOUTH

Even though the abolitionist movement took Write at least one reason most white Southerners place in the North, not all Northerners agreed did NOT want slavery to end. with it. Write at least one reason some people in the North did NOT want slavery to end.

SECTIONALISM: a feeling of loyalty to a section of a country rather than the whole country

5. How do you think the abolitionist movement affected sectionalism? ______