Soldiers HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY The Civil War Teacher Guide Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Abraham Lincoln The Civil War Teacher Guide Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free: to Share—to copy, distribute, and transmit the work to Remix—to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution—You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge® Foundation (www.coreknowledge.org) made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial—You may not use this work for commercial purposes. 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ISBN: 978-1-68380-228-0 The Civil War Table of Contents Introduction .................................................... 1 The Civil War Sample Pacing Guide ................................... 23 Chapter 1 Slavery .......................................... 27 Chapter 2 The Life of the Slave ........................... 32 Chapter 3 The Missouri Compromise ................... 38 Chapter 4 Growth of Antislavery Feeling .............. 43 Chapter 5 Growing Apart ................................. 52 Chapter 6 A House Divided .............................. 57 Chapter 7 Young Mr. Lincoln ............................. 63 Chapter 8 The Crisis Deepens ............................ 67 Chapter 9 The War Begins ................................. 73 Chapter 10 Advantages and Disadvantages ............ 78 Chapter 11 Developing a Strategy ........................ 83 Chapter 12 The War in the East ............................ 88 Chapter 13 The Emancipation Proclamation ............ 94 Chapter 14 The Generals .................................... 98 Chapter 15 Johnny Reb and Billy Yank ................... 102 Chapter 16 Women and the War Effort .................. 108 Chapter 17 The Tide Turns .................................. 112 Chapter 18 Confederate Problems Mount ............... 119 Chapter 19 The War Draws to a Close ..................... 124 Chapter 20 The Death of President Lincoln ............. 129 Chapter 21 The South in Ruins ............................ 138 Chapter 22 The Struggle over Reconstruction .......... 142 Chapter 23 Congressional Reconstruction .............. 147 Chapter 24 The South Under Reconstruction ........... 152 Teacher Resources ................................................ 157 The Civil War Teacher Guide Core Knowledge History and Geography™ 5 UNIT 11 Introduction ABOUT THIS UNIT The Big Idea Slavery and the Civil War sharply divided citizens and states throughout the country and led to more than six hundred thousand deaths in one of the nation’s greatest crises. Most Northerners opposed the practice of slavery. While some Southerners concurred with this opinion, most supported the continuation of slavery as vital to the Southern way of life. As the nation expanded and new states entered the Union, compromise merely stayed the inevitable. Running on a firm anti-expansion of slavery platform, Abraham Lincoln and his election posed a threat to Southerners and their way of life. The Civil War, which was expected to last a few days or weeks, became a four-year national nightmare of bloodshed and bitterness. In the end, half the United States was in ruins. Slavery was dead, a president was dead, and another president faced impeachment. African Americans gained the right to live with their spouses, establish their own churches, and create lives that were unimaginable under slavery. While economic and social oppression continued for African Americans, the end of enslavement represented a profound change. INTRODUCTION 1 Time Period Background What Students Should Already Know This timeline provides an overview of key events related to the content of this unit. Use a classroom timeline with students to Students in Core Knowledge schools should be familiar with: help them sequence and relate events that occurred from 1619 to 1900. Kindergarten 1619 Tobacco was the chief crop • some people were not free, slavery in early America grown in Jamestown. • Abraham Lincoln: humble origins, “Honest Abe” 1660s Enslaved people were brought from Africa to grow Grades 1 and 2 tobacco in North America. • slavery in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome 1767 Mason-Dixon Line was surveyed. Grade 2 1789 Samuel Slater built first • the Civil War: the controversy over slavery, Harriet Tubman and the cotton mill in America. Underground Railroad, Northern versus Southern states (Yankees and Rebels), Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee, Clara Barton (“Angel 1793 Eli Whitney invented the of the Battlefield” and founder of the American Red Cross), President cotton gin. Abraham Lincoln and keeping the Union together, Emancipation Proclamation, and the end of slavery 1820 Missouri Compromise • civil rights: Jackie Robinson and the integration of major league baseball; 1831 Nat Turner led slave Rosa Parks and the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama; Martin Luther rebellion in Virginia. King, Jr., and the dream of equal rights for all 1831 William Lloyd Garrison published his newspaper, • symbols and figures: Lincoln Memorial The Liberator. Grade 3 1845 Frederick Douglass published Narrative of the • slavery in the Southern Colonies, including economic reasons that Life of Frederick Douglass. the Southern Colonies came to rely on slavery (slave labor on large plantations); the difference between indentured servant and slave (slaves 1846–1848 Mexican-American War as property); the Middle Passage 1850 Compromise of 1850 Grade 4 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe • abolitionists published Uncle Tom’s Cabin. 1850s Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery but wished to end it constitutionally. 1857 Dred Scott decision 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates 1859 John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president. 1861 Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederacy. 1861 Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter 2 THE CIVIL WAR 1861 First Battle of Bull Run What Students Need to Learn 1861 Robert E. Lee became a general for the Confederacy. Toward the Civil War • Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator, Frederick Douglass 1861–1865 Clara Barton was called “Angel of the Battlefield” • Slave life and rebellions for her work tending wounded soldiers. • Industrial North versus agricultural South 1862 Battle of Hampton Roads • Mason-Dixon Line between the Virginia and the Monitor • Controversy over whether to allow slavery in territories and new states 1862 Battle of Shiloh - Missouri Compromise of 1820 - Dred Scott decision allows slavery in the territories 1862 Union troops lost the Battle of Antietam; George • Importance of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin McClellan was removed from post as general. • John Brown and Harpers Ferry raid 1863 Lincoln issued the • Lincoln: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” Emancipation Proclamation. - Lincoln-Douglas debates 1863 Battle of Vicksburg - Lincoln elected president, Southern states secede 1863 Massachusetts 54th The Civil War Regiment became the most famous all-African American • Fort Sumter unit of the Union Army. • Confederacy and Jefferson Davis 1863 Battle of Gettysburg • Yankees and Rebels, Blue and Gray 1864 Reelection of Abraham • First Battle of Bull Run Lincoln • Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant 1865 Freedmen’s Bureau was established. • General Stonewall Jackson 1865 Fall of Richmond • Ironclad ships, battle between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia (formerly the USS Merrimack) 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at • Battle of Antietam Creek Appomattox Court House. • The Emancipation Proclamation 1865 John Wilkes Booth • Gettysburg and the Gettysburg Address assassinated Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. • African American troops, Massachusetts Regiment led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw 1865–1866 Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments were ratified. • William Tecumseh Sherman’s march to the sea and the burning of Atlanta 1865–1900 Freedmen and poor • Lincoln reelected, concluding words of the Second Inaugural Address white farmers became sharecroppers. (“With malice toward none, with charity for all.”) • Fall of Richmond (Confederate capital) to Union forces 1868 President Andrew Johnson was impeached. • Surrender at Appomattox • Assassination of Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth INTRODUCTION 3 What Students Need to Learn CONTINUED Reconstruction • The South in ruins • Struggle for control of the South, Radical Republicans vs. Andrew Johnson,