New borders in the southeastern Europe and their impact on the stability in the region of Central European Initiative (CEI) 12 december 2002

Part III.

Inna Pidluska: Issues of Migration in the Region in the Context of the Enlargement: a Ukrainian perspective ...... 2

Roman Solovei: Possible ways of activization of trade and economic relations at regional and cross-border levels in the triange Moldova--...... 25

Natalia Belitser: Conflicting security concerns across the Ukraine-Moldova border ...... 40

Sergiu Spataru, Ion Lupan: National Control System (NSC) of transactions with strategic goods in the Republic of Moldova - reality and future perspectives. Role of custom control in respective system ...... 65

Grigorii Perepelita: The influence of regional factors on possible scenarios of development of Moldova-Transdniestria-Ukraine relations...... 82

Vitalii Kulik: Settlement of the Transdniestrian conflict as a way to the regional stability zone in Eastern Europa ...... 103

Gabriela Chiorean: The Indirect Impact of Increasing Border Security...... 121

Vladimir Galca: Smuggling as a cross-border crime...... 128

Valentin Niculescu: The Operation of the Romania Border Police at the Eastern Border...... 135

Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 139

1 Issues of Migration in the Region in the Context of the EU Enlargement: a Ukrainian Perspective I.Pidluska, President of the Europe XXI Foundation, Kyiv, Ukraine

Introduction. The East-West European migration in the region: issues and contexts

International migration is seen as one of the key challenges of the new globalizing world that needs in-depth study, thorough analysis and adequate policies to deal with. The migration pressures from the poor East and South to the wealthy West and North have added to the growing feelings of insecurity in the European Union member states and raised both justified and unjustified concerns among the populations and the governments. Those feelings and concerns, rational and irrational alike, have added to prejudice against and suspicion of “the others” - not only (potential) immigrants, illegal “guest workers” and asylum seekers from outside Europe, but also eastern and southern Europeans, sometimes even including nationals of the states preparing for the accession to the EU. After the euphoria of the newly-achieved freedom of Central and Eastern Europe, brought by the fall of the Berlin Wall and the disintegration of the former Soviet block, began to fade, the migration policies of the EU member states, already strongly unwelcoming to international migration, began to move fast in the direction of stricter measures designed to limit immigration and regulate movement of people from outside the EU, which gave the way to claims that the Berlin Wall could be substituted shortly with a “Schengen Wall” that would keep out not only potential illegal immigrants but also discourage travel and hinder business and culture exchange within a wider Europe.

As the EU enlargement process gains momentum and a number of countries of Central and Eastern Europe are preparing to join the EU and introduce the Schengen regime, it becomes increasingly obvious that neither the EU, not the candidate states are fully prepared for the new situation that will emerge in their relations with the rest of the European continent, i.e., the non-accession countries to the east and south of what will soon become the border of an enlarged European Union. Though readiness to start a meaningful dialogue on the issues of the movement of people from Eastern Europe to Western Europe has been declared by the European Union and individual member states, the issue remains largely underexplored and, therefore, surrounded by myths, assumptions and “guestimates”. The analysis – and much more so, the implementation – of immigration policies is made even more difficult by th