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Vol.39 N° 68 ppi 201502ZU4645 Esta publicación científica en formato digital es continuidad de la revista impresa ISSN-Versión Impresa 0798-1406 / ISSN-Versión on line 2542-3185Depósito legal pp 197402ZU34 Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche" de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia Maracaibo, Venezuela Vol.39 N° 68 Enero Junio 2021 ISSN 0798- 1406 ~ De pó si to le gal pp 198502ZU132 * Keywords: terrorist, andseparatistdemonstrationsonUkraine’s stateborder. borders, and thespreadofextremist, border regions,aswell as atUkraine’s threat of escalation of border conflicts and militaryintegrity in sovereign territory. Itisconcluded that there is apotential clashes in Ukraine’s state border threatened to lose the state part of sovereignty, territorial It wasrevealed that theincomplete process of legalthe formalization of formalizing the Ukrainian state border with the Russian Federation. threats toUkraine’snationalsecurity arising fromtheincomplete process state Ukrainian border with neigh bouring countries and highlights the main article seekstoanalyzethecurrentsituationoflegal formalization of the examination inthe context of complex relations between two states. This formalization of the Ukrainian-Russian state border requirescloser [email protected] ORCID ID Kyiv, Ukraine, Guard ServiceofUkraine, First Deputy Head of the State Border GuardService of Ukraine, Administrationof the State Border Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas Vol. 39, Nº 68 (Enero - Junio) 2021, 866-881 IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ La re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas, es una pu bli ca ción aus pi cia da por el Ins ti tu to de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co “Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che” (IEPDP) de la Fa- in the regions.The Donetsk andLuhansk problem of the legal temporary occupation of thepartUkraine’ssovereign territory Republic of Crimeaandthe city of Sebastopol, as well as the Russian Federation,the illegal annexationofthe Autonomous with thebeginningofmilitaryaggressionby since 2014 Abstract Volodymyr Nikiforenko cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po lí ti cas de la Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.56 En tre susThe borderissue has become particularly urgent for Ukraine ob je ti vos fi gu ran: con tri buir con el pro gre so cien tí fi co de las Cien cias Modern ThreatstotheNationalSecurity Crimea; territorialoccupation. edge of the state; national security; Russian intervention; Recibido el15/09/2020 Aceptadoel15/12/2020 Hu ma nas y So cia les, a tra vés de la di vul ga ción de los re sul ta dos lo gra dos por sus in ves- ti ga do res; es ti mu lar la in ves ti ga ción en es tas áreas del sa ber; y pro pi ciar laof UkraineRelatedtoIncompleteLegal pre sen ta- ción, dis cu sión y con fron ta ción de las ideas y avan ces cien tí fi cos con com pro mi so so cial. Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas apa re ce dos ve ces al año y pu bli ca tra ba jos ori gi na les con avan ces o re sul ta dos de in ves ti ga ción en las áreas de Cien cia Po lí ti caFormalization ProcessofUkrainian y De re cho Pú bli- co, los cua les son so me ti dos a la con si de ra ción de ár bi tros ca li fi ca dos. ESTA PU BLI CA CIÓN APA RE CE RE SE ÑA DA, EN TRE OTROS ÍN DI CES, EN: Re vicyhLUZ, In ter na tio nal Po li ti cal Scien ce Abs tracts, Re vis ta In ter ame ri ca na de Bi blio gra fía, en el Cen tro La ti no ame ri ca no para el De sa rrol lo (CLAD), en Bi blio- gra fía So cio Eco nó mi ca de Ve ne zue la de RE DIN SE, In ter na tio nal Bi blio graphy of Po li ti cal Scien ce, Re vencyt, His pa nic Ame ri can Pe rio di cals In dex/HAPI), Ul ri ch’s Pe rio di cals Di rec tory, EBS CO. Se en cuen tra acre di ta da al Re gis tro de Pu bli ca cio- 1 nes Cien tí fi cas y Tec no* ló gi cas Ve ne zo la nas del FO NA CIT, La tin dex. : https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-2312. Email: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-2312. Di rec to ra Co mi té Ase sor LOIRALITH M. CHIRINOS PORTILLO Pedro Bracho Grand J. M. Del ga do Ocan do José Ce rra da Ri car do Com bel las An gel Lom bar di Die ter Nohlen Co mi té Edi tor Al fre do Ra mos Ji mé nez Eduviges Morales Villalobos Go ran Ther born Fabiola Tavares Duarte Frie drich Welsch Ma ría Eu ge nia Soto Hernández Nila Leal González Asis ten tes Ad miState Border nis tra ti vos Carmen Pérez Baralt Joan López Urdaneta y Nil da Ma rín Re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas. Av. Gua ji ra. Uni ver si dad del Zu lia. Nú cleo Hu ma nís ti co. Fa- cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po lí ti cas. Ins ti tu to de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co “Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che”. Ma ra cai bo, Ve ne zue la. E- mail: cues tio nes po li ti cas@gmail. com ~ loi chi ri nos por til [email protected]. Te le fax: 58- 0261- 4127018. CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS Vol. 39 Nº 68 (Enero - Junio 2021): 866-881 867 Resumen La cuestión fronteriza se ha vuelto particularmente urgente para Ucrania desde 2014 con el comienzo de la agresión militar por parte de Rusia, la anexión ilegal de la República Autónoma de Crimea y la ciudad de Sebastopol, así como la ocupación temporal de la parte del territorio soberano de Ucrania en las regiones de Donetsk y Luhansk. El problema de la formalización legal de la frontera entre Ucrania y Rusia exige un examen más detenido en el contexto de relaciones complejas entre dos Estados. Este artículo busca analizar la situación actual de formalización legal de la frontera del Estado ucraniano con los países de la región y pone de relieve las principales amenazas a su seguridad nacional derivadas del proceso incompleto de formalización de la frontera estatal ucraniana con la Federación rusa. Se reveló que el proceso incompleto de formalización legal de la frontera puede significar pérdida de soberanía e integridad territorial para Ucrania. Se concluye que existe una amenaza potencial de escalada de conflictos fronterizos y enfrentamientos militares en las regiones fronterizas, así como en las fronteras de Ucrania, y la propagación de manifestaciones extremistas, terroristas y separatistas en la frontera estatal de Ucrania. Palabras clave: borde del estado; seguridad nacional; intervención rusa; Crimea; ocupación territorial. Introduction State border is an important element of the State policy of institutional integration and cultural assimilation (Vrban, 2018). The establishment of State border always has been and will expectadly remain one of strategic national security objectives of each country. Ukraine is not an exception in this respect. The issue of defining the borders of Ukraine has arisen after the signature of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, the dissolution of the former Soviet Union and creation of new independent states. In this connection, on 12 September 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine “On Legal Succession of Ukraine” (Verkhovna Rada, 1991). Article 5 states that “State border of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics separating the territory of Ukraine from other States and the border between the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Republic of Moldova as of 16 July 1990 constitute the state border of Ukraine” (Verkhovna Rada, 2003). Ukraine has joint borders with seven states. Four of them are the European Union Member States (the Republic of Poland, the Slovak Volodymyr Nikiforenko Modern Threats to the National Security of Ukraine Related to Incomplete Legal Formalization 868 Process of Ukrainian State Border Republic, Hungary, and Romania). The length of border with the mentioned EU Member States is 1,390,742 km, which is 20% of the whole border length. Other three States which have joint borders with Ukraine are MemberStates of the Commonwealth of Independent States (the Republic of Moldova, the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation). The border length with the CIS Member States is 4,601,24 km, or 65 % of whole length. More than 1,001 km (15 %) of Ukraine’s border passes along the boundary of the territorial sea. The longest border segment of Ukraine is the Ukrainian-Russian one and stretches for 2,295.04 km. The shortest border segment of Ukraine is the Ukrainian-Slovak area (98 km). Ukraine is bordered in the Black Sea with the sea areas of Romania, Turkey and the Russian Federation. Taking into account the uncertain legal status of the Ukrainian-Russian segment of state border, Ukraine has faced a potential threat of the loss of the sovereignty and territorial integrity under direct military intervention of the Russian Federation. It is obvious that the ongoing attempts by the political leadership of the Russian Federation to redefine new state borders in modern world constitute one of the most blatant violations of international law, which in turn could trigger or repeat a territorial dispute between neighbours (Harrison, 2007).
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