Le Développement Des Startups En Contexte D'incertitude Et L'analyse

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Le Développement Des Startups En Contexte D'incertitude Et L'analyse 1. Louvain School of Management (LSM) Le développement des startups en contexte d’incertitude et l’analyse de la prise de décision dans une équipe multiculturelle Mémoire à titre « Confidentiel » Mémoire-projet réalisé par Sara BARATA CARRILHO Promoteur Julie HERMANS Lecteur Malo BEGUIN Année académique 2017-2018 En vue de l’obtention du diplôme Master 120 en Sciences de gestion Chaussée de Binche, 151 - 7000 Mons, Belgique www.uclouvain.be/lsm Mémoire à titre confidentiel 2. RESUME Ayant vu le jour aux Etats, Unis, le terme « startup » n’existe pas depuis longtemps. Il ne s’est généralisé à l’international que depuis une grosse vingtaine d’année. Mais son statut de petite entreprise ne l’empêche pas de devoir faire face à son environnement interne et externe tout comme les multinationales. La recherche exploratoire suivante aura lieu d’analyser les particularités organisationnelles liées à la communication interne d’une jeune startup canadienne, intitulée Planhub, ainsi que de proposer quelques recommandations managériales pour aborder au mieux le contexte d’incertitude dans lequel elle se développe. Mots clés : contexte d’incertitude, dissidence stratégique, prise de parole, silence organisationnel, recommandations managériales. Mémoire à titre confidentiel 3. REMERCIEMENTS Je voudrais sincèrement remercier ma promotrice, Julie Hermans, qui a accepté de m’encadrer dans cette recherche exploratoire même à distance. Ses conseils et sa disponibilité m’ont été très précieux dans la réalisation de mon mémoire. Je tiens également à remercier l’équipe managériale de l’entreprise, qui a accepté de soumettre leur startup comme sujet d’étude, ainsi que le reste de l’équipe qui a pris le temps de répondre aux questionnaires individuels. Pour finir, je remercie mes proches qui m’ont soutenue et accompagnée dans la rédaction de ce mémoire. Mémoire à titre confidentiel 4. Table des matières INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 7 PRESENTATION DE LA RECHERCHE ............................................................................ 9 1. Formulation de la question de recherche ........................................................................... 9 2. La startup Planhub ............................................................................................................ 10 3. Utilité de la recherche ........................................................................................................ 11 4. Plan de la recherche ........................................................................................................... 12 CADRE THEORIQUE .......................................................................................................... 13 Chapitre 1 : Contexte d’incertitude ..................................................................................... 13 1.1. Définition ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.2. Gestion managériale face au processus décisionnel incertain ................................................ 14 1.2.1. Attitude de planification de risque ................................................................................................ 15 1.2.2. Innovation managériale ................................................................................................................. 16 1.3. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 17 Chapitre 2 : Analyse de la prise de parole au sein d’une équipe ....................................... 17 2.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.2. Dissidence stratégique .................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1. Définition ............................................................................................................................ 20 2.2.2. Efficacité de la communication organisationnelle .............................................................. 22 2.2.3. Relations interpersonnelles ................................................................................................. 22 2.2.4. Comportements contre-productifs dans les réunions (CCPR) ............................................ 23 2.2.5. Processus de conflit ............................................................................................................ 24 2.2.6. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 26 2.3. Silence organisationnel ................................................................................................... 26 2.3.1. Définition ............................................................................................................................ 27 2.3.2. Facteurs managériaux ......................................................................................................... 27 2.3.3. Modèle du Voicing Concerns ............................................................................................. 30 2.4. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 32 ETUDE EMPIRIQUE ........................................................................................................... 33 1. Contexte .............................................................................................................................. 33 2. Méthodologie ...................................................................................................................... 34 2.1. Avantages et inconvénients ................................................................................................... 34 2.2. Processus d’observation ......................................................................................................... 36 2.2.1. Grille d’observation ...................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.2. Les entretiens individuels .............................................................................................................. 37 3. Analyse des résultats .......................................................................................................... 38 3.1. Analyse qualitative de la dissidence stratégique .................................................................... 38 3.1.1. Le partage d’informations dans l’équipe Planhub ......................................................................... 38 3.1.2. Les relations interpersonnelles dans l’équipe ................................................................................ 40 3.1.3. Analyse des Comportements Contre-Productifs en Réunion (CCPR) .......................................... 43 3.1.3.1. Les retards ............................................................................................................................. 43 3.1.3.2. La pression managériale ........................................................................................................ 44 3.1.4. Analyse des conflits au sein des réunions ..................................................................................... 47 3.1.4.1. Discussions positives liées au processus de gestion de projet ............................................... 47 3.1.4.2. Discussions négatives liée au processus stratégique ............................................................. 48 3.1.5. Constats ......................................................................................................................................... 50 3.2. Analyse qualitative de la prise de parole dans l’équipe ......................................................... 50 3.2.1. Retours négatifs ............................................................................................................................ 50 3.2.2. Position hiérarchique légitime du manager ................................................................................... 51 3.3. Constats généraux .................................................................................................................. 54 Mémoire à titre confidentiel 5. 4. Discussion des résultats ..................................................................................................... 55 5. Recommandations .............................................................................................................. 57 6. Limites de l’étude exploratoire ......................................................................................... 59 CONLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 62 1. Résumé de l’étude .............................................................................................................. 62 2. Apport théorique et implications pratiques .................................................................... 63 3. Suggestions pour des recherches futures ......................................................................... 64 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ................................................................................................................. 65 ANNEXES .............................................................................................................................
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