ENR 5261 ENVIRONMENTAL SOIL PHYSICS Spring 2020 Course

ENR 5261 ENVIRONMENTAL SOIL PHYSICS

Spring 2020 Course Outline

3 Credit Hours 245 Kottman Hall

Lecture MW 10:20-11:15 Lab Th 12:45-2:45

Instructor: Rattan Lal School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2021 Coffey Road Columbus, OH 43210

ENR 5261

Environmental Soil Physics Spring 2020 (3 credit hours)

Review of soil physical, mechanical, hydrological and rheological properties in relation to greenhouse effect, water quality, soil erosion, soil compaction, tillage methods, water management, and plant-water relations.

INSTRUCTOR Dr. Rattan Lal Room: 422B Kottman Hall, Phone: 292-9069, E-mail: [email protected]

TAs Nall Moonilall Room: 454 Kottman Hall Email: [email protected]

COURSE OBJECTIVES The course is designed for undergraduate and graduate students interested in learning basic soil physics and its applications to environment quality and sustainable use of natural resources. The syllabus meets the curriculum needs of students in Soil Sciences, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Soil Mechanics, Natural Resources, Agricultural Engineering, Horticulture and Crop Sciences, Forestry, Restoration Ecology and Environmental Sciences.

LEARNING OUTCOMES After completion of this course, students will gain working knowledge of soil physical properties and how to manage them to optimize crop growth and minimize environmental problems. Through field and laboratory practical demonstrations and homework assignments, the student will learn methods of evaluating soil physical properties. The practicals to be demonstrated will include assessment of soil compaction, porosity and pore-size distribution, plant-available water reserves, water movement within soil and the overland flow, soil temperature regime, aeration and gaseous diffusion, greenhouse effect and plant-water relations.

GRADING

Homework sets (10) 100 points (one set per week), due Monday Practicals (10) 100 points

GRADING SCALE >90 A 80 B 70 C 60 D

The homework and practical set will be due each Monday and Thursday, respectively. The homework will be discussed on Monday. The practicals demonstrated will be synchronized with the class room lectures.

The final grading will be based on the cumulative grade and curve rating for the entire class, and based on homework and the lab reports. There are no exams.

Special Accommodations Any student who feels they may need an accommodation based on the impact of disability should contact the instructor privately to discuss your specific needs. You should also contact the Office of Disability Services at (292-3307) in 150 Pomerene Hall to coordinate reasonable accommodations for students with documented disabilities.

Academic Misconduct Cheating, plagiarism, and other forms of academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. Any violation will be prosecuted to the fullest extent as set out in University Rule 3335-31-02.

Date Day Lecture/Lab Contents 1-6-20 M i. Definition of soil physical properties and processes, ii. Importance of soil physics to environment and natural resources, iii. Mass-volume relationship Reading Assignment: Chapters 1 & 2 (p. 1-31)

1-8-20 W i. Particle size distribution, ii. Different systems of particle classification, iii. Stoke’s law Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p. 34-44)

1-9-20 Th Soil bulk density by core method, demonstration of clod method and explanation of other methods Homework 1: Mass-volume relationship, soils and environment; Chapter 2, Problems 1, 3 (p. 29-30)

1-13-20 M i. Soil constituents, organic and inorganic, ii. Predominant minerals iii. Composition of organic fraction Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p. 77-86)

1-15-20 W i. Particle shape, ii. Surface area, iii. Packing arrangement Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p. 44-53, 53-77)

1-16-20 Th Hydrometer analyses, demonstration of the Pipet method

1-20-20 M MLK Holiday – No Class

1-22-20 W i. Properties of clay faction, ii. Surface charge, Zeta potential Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p. 52-73)

1-23-20 Th Particle Density

1-27-20 M Particle density Homework 2: Stoke’s Law and surface area, Chapter 3, Problems 1, 3, 16

1-29-20 W i. Soil structure, ii. Aggregation, iii. Formation of organo-mineral complexes, iv. Assessment of soil structure Reading Assignment: Chapter 4 (p. 93-140)

1-30-20 Th Aggregation and tensile strength

2-3-20 M Properties of water i. Surface tension ii. Viscosity iii. Contact angle iv. Capillarity Reading Assignment: Chapter 9 (p. 255-286) Homework 3: Capillarity, pore size distribution Chapter 5, Problems 1 (one temp. only), 4 (p.161)

2-5-20 W i. Porosity and pore size distribution, ii. Classification of pores, iii. Measurement of pore size Reading Assignment: Chapter 5 (p. 149-161)

2-6-20 Th Atterberg’s Limits

2-10-20 M Applications of soil structure: i. Crusting, ii. Surface seal formation Reading Assignment: Chapter 6 (p. 165-185)

2-12-20 W i. Soil strength, ii. Stress/strain Reading Assignment: Chapter 7 (p. 189-205)

2-13-20 Th Tension table and pF curve

2-17-20 M i. Soil compaction and consolidation, ii. Boussinesq equation, iii. Machinery and compaction, iv. Root growth Reading Assignment: Chapter 7 (p. 205-224)

2-19-20 W i. Consistency, ii. Plasticity, iii. Atterberg’s limits Reading Assignment: Chapter 8 (p. 231-251)

2-20-20 Th Laboratory on pF curves Homework 4: Moisture content and potential Chapter 10 (pgs. 314-315), Problems 1, 2 Chapter 11 (pg. 351), Problems 10

2-24-20 M i. Hydrologic cycle, ii. Soil moisture content iii. Soil water potential Reading Assignment: Chapter 10 (p. 287-315)

2-26-20 W i. Soil moisture characteristic curves ii. Plant-available water, iii. Soil-water potential measurement, Reading Assignment: Chapter 11 (p. 321-341)

2-27-20 Th Saturated hydraulic conductivity Reading Assignment: Chapter 12 (p. 361-377) Homework 5: Chapter 12, Problems 3, 6 (p. 377)

3-2-20 M i. Water movement in saturated soil, ii. Different forms of Daryc’s Law Reading Assignment: Chapter 12 (p. 341-352)

3-4-20 W i. Water movement in saturated soil: numerical examples Reading Assignment: Chapter 12 (p. 355-361)

3-5-20 Th Water infiltration

3-9-20 to 3-13-20 Spring Break

3-16-20 M Methods of measuring KS: merits and limitations

3-18-20 W i. Water movement in unsaturated soil: (i) KΘ, (ii) DΘ Reading Assignment: Chapter 13 (p. 379-402) Reading Assignment: Chapter 14 (p. 405-412)

3-19-20 Th Gas diffusivity Homework 6: Chapter 14, Problems 1, 2, 3 (p. 434-435)

M 3-23-20 i. Models of infiltration, ii. Calculations of S, A, I Reading Assignment: Chapter 14 (p. 412-434)

3-25-20 W i. Water movement in vapor state ii. Diffusion Reading Assignment: Chapter 15 (p.439-446)

3-26-20 Th Field measurements of aeration using PAS and static chamber Homework 7: Chapter 15, Problems 1-2 (p.463)

3-30-20 M i. Soil Evaporation and its management Reading Assignment: Chapter 15 (p.446-460)

4-1-20 W i. Soil aeration, ii. Air capacity, iii. Composition of soil air Reading Assignment: Chapter 18 (p. 557-569)

4-2-20 Th ODR, and gaseous exchange by photoacoustic method Homework 8: Soil air, Chapter 18, Problems 1,3,5,7, (p. 594)

M 4-6-20 i. Aeration, ii. Gaseous exchange Reading Assignment: Chapter 18 (p. 569-575)

4-8-20 W i. Mass flow, ii. Diffusion

Reading Assignment: Chapter 18 (p. 575-590)

4-9-20 Th Soil temperature measurements Homework 9: Calculate the weight of CO2 in the atmosphere for CO2 concentration of 400 ppm and 550 ppm.

M 4-13-20 i. Soil temperature regime, ii. Heat capacity, iii. Thermal conductivity Reading Assignment: Chapter 17 (p. 515-530)

4-15-20 W i. Heat transport in soil, ii. Modeling soil temperature Reading assignment: Chapter 17 (p. 531-545) Homework 10: Soil temperature, Chapter 17, Problems 1, 3, 5

4-16-20 Th Field demonstration of soil temperatures

4-20-20 M Class revision

TEXT BOOK

1. Lal, R. and M.K. Shukla (2004) Principles of Soil Physics. Marcel Dekker, New York, 716

pp.

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

1. H. Don Scott (2000) Soil Physics: Agricultural and Environmental Applications. Iowa

State Univ. Press, 421 pp.

2. D. Hillel (1998) Environmental Soil Physics, Academic Press, 770 pp.

3. Baver, L.D., W.H. Gardner and W.R. Gardner (1972) Soil Physics. John Wiley & Sons,

Inc., New York.

4. Rose, C.W. (1966) Agricultural Physics. Pergemon Press, New York.

5. Khonke, Helmut (1968) Soil Physics. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

6. Black, C.A. (Editor-in-Chief) (1986) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part I. ASA, Madison, WI.

7. Marshall, T.J., J.W. Holmes, and C.W. Rose (1996) Soil Physics. Third edition,

Cambridge University Press, 453 pp.

8. Taylor, S.A. and G.L. Ashcroft (1972) Physical edaphology. W.H. Freeman and Co.

9. Hanks, R.J. and G.L. Ashcroft (1980) Applied Soil Physics. Springer-Verlag.

10. Hillel, D. (1980) Applications of Soil Physics. Academic Press, 385 pp.

11. Hillel, D. (1982) Introduction to Soil Physics. Academic Press, 364 pp.

12. Ellis, S. and A. Mellor (1995) Soils and Environment. Routledge, London, 364 pp.