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Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi the Journal of Security Strategies

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Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi the Journal of Security Strategies ATATÜRK STRATEJİK ARAŞTIRMALAR ENSTİTÜSÜ Güvenlik THE ATATÜRK INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES Stratejileri Cilt/Volume: 15 Dergisi Sayı/Issue: 32 The Journal of Security Strategies Aralık/December 2019 BASKI / PRINTED BY Millî Savunma Üniversitesi Merkez Basımevi / Turkish National Defense University Main Publishing House YAZIŞMA VE HABERLEŞME ADRESİ / CORRESPONDENCE AND COMMUNICATION Millî Savunma Üniversitesi Telefon / Phone : 0 212 398 01 00 (3832) Atatürk Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü E-posta / E-mail : makale@ msu.edu.tr Yenilevent / İSTANBUL [email protected] TÜRKİYE Web : www.msu.edu.tr/enstituler/atasaren/gsd MİLLÎ SAVUNMA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TURKISH NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY ATATÜRK STRATEJİK THE ATATÜRK INSTITUTE ARAŞTIRMALAR ENSTİTÜSÜ OF STRATEGIC STUDIES GÜVENLİK STRATEJİLERİ DERGİSİ THE JOURNAL OF SECURITY STRATEGIES Cilt/Volume: 15 • Sayı/Issue: 32 • ISSN 1305-4740 Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi / International Peer-Reviewed Journal Atatürk Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü Owner on behalf of the Atatürk Institute adına Sahibi ve Sorumlusu of Strategic Studies Dr. Gültekin YILDIZ (Assos. Prof.) Baş Editör / Editor-in-Chief Dr. Gültekin YILDIZ (Assos. Prof.) Editör Yardımcıları / Assistant Editors Mehmet Mert ÇAM Kaan KILIÇ Teknik Editör / Technical Editor Dilek KARABACAK Alan Editörleri / Area Editors Dr. M.Cem OĞULTÜRK (MSÜ ATASAREN) Dr. Tolga ÖZ (MSÜ ATASAREN) Dr. Orhan SEZGİN (MSÜ ATASAREN) Dr. Güngör ŞAHİN (MSÜ ATASAREN) TARANDIĞIMIZ VERİTABANLARI / DATABASES INDEXING OUR JOURNAL Index Copernicus ULAKBİM TR DİZİN Sosyal Bilimler Veritabanı ASOS INDEX (Akademia Sosyal Bilimler İndeksi) SOBİAD Atıf Dizini Atatürk Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü yayını olan Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, yılda dört kez Mart, Haziran, Eylül ve aralık aylarında yayımlanan uluslararası hakemli bir dergidir. Makalelerdeki düşünce, görüş, varsayım, sav veya tezler eser sahiplerine aittir; Millî Savunma Üniversitesi ve Atatürk Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü sorumlu tutulamaz. The Journal of Security Strategies is an international peer–reviewed journal and published quarterly in March, June, September, and December. The opinions, thoughts, postulations, or proposals within the articles are but reflections of the authors and do not, in any way, represent those of Turkish National Defense University or of the Atatürk Institute of Strategic Studies. YAYIN KURULU / EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Dr. Burak Samih GÜLBOY (İstanbul Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Yaşar GÜRBÜZ (Özyeğin Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kasım HAN (Altınbaş Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. R.Kutay KARACA (İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Wang LI (Jilin University – Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti) Prof. Dr. Yaşar ONAY (İstanbul Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Murat ÖZGEN (İstanbul Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. A.Beril TUĞRUL Prof. Dr. Tuncay ZORLU (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Fuat AKSU (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Mehmet BEŞİKÇİ (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Hikmet KIRIK (İstanbul Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Hasip SAYGILI (Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi) Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Atahan Birol KARTAL (Beykent Üniversitesi) Dr. Govanni ERCOLANI (Peace Operations Training Institute - ABD) İÇİNDEKİLER / TABLE OF CONTENTS Araştırma Makaleleri / Research Articles Bölgesel Çalışmalar / Regional Studies Karadeniz’in Türkiye için Kıyısal Jeopolitik Açıdan Önemi ............................... 573 Coastal Geopolitic Importance of Black Sea for Turkey Konur Alp DEMİR Güvenlik Araştırmaları / Security Studies The Effects of Terrorist Attacks on Regional Economic Growth in Turkey ......... 605 Türkiye’de Terörist Saldırıların Bölgesel İktisadi Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri Necmettin ÇELİK Ontology of Security and its Implications for Maritime Security ........................ 631 Güvenliğin Ontolojisi ve Deniz Güvenliğine Dair Çıkarımlar Çağdaş DEDEOĞLU Askerî Sosyoloji / Military Sociology Civil-Military Relations in Egypt Since 2013 ..................................................... 655 2013’ten Sonra Mısır’daki Sivil-Askerî Ilişkiler Özüm Sezin UZUN – Ahmet ELERIAN Savaş Araştırmaları / War Studies The Present Role of Anti-Drone Technologies in Modern Warfare and Projected Developments ............................................... 691 Modern Savaşta Anti-Drone Teknolojilerinin Mevcut Rolü ve Olası Gelişmeler Tolga ÖZ – Serkan SERT CIMIC in Maritime Domain .............................................................................. 713 Deniz Alanında Sivil-Asker İş Birliği (SAİ) Mehmet PALAZ Yayın İlkeleri .................................................................................................. 731 Submission Guidelines .................................................................................... 735 GSD, 2019, 15(32): 573-604 Araştırma Makalesi DOI: 10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.668157 Research Article Karadeniz’in Türkiye için 573 Güvenlik Kıyısal Jeopolitik Açıdan Önemi Stratejileri Cilt: 15 Coastal Geopolitic Importance of Black Sea for Turkey Sayı: 32 Konur Alp DEMİR* Öz Kıyısal jeopolitik, okyanus, deniz, göl, boğaz, delta ve nehir gibi su kütlelerinin bir ülkenin jeopolitiğine stratejik açıdan katkı yapmasını açıklayan bir kavramdır. Bu kavram çerçevesinde ve aynı eksen etrafında değerlendirildiği takdirde bir iç deniz olarak nitelendirilebilecek Karadeniz’in coğrafi konumu ile Türkiye’nin Avrupa ile Asya’yı birbirine bağlayan bir noktada konumlanması Karadeniz’i hem Türkiye hem de Avrupa ve Asya için önemli bir konuma yükseltmektedir. Bu bağlamda Karadeniz’in Türkiye için coğrafya, ekonomi, siyaset ve güvenlik unsurları açısından incelenmesi gereken bir değeri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Karadeniz’in uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında siyaset, ekonomi ve güvenlik üçlemesinin 573 kilit noktasında durması bu bölgeye olan ilgiyi arttırmaktadır. Bu Güvenlik çalışmada Türkiye’nin Karadeniz’de en uzun kıyı şeridine sahip olması Stratejileri bağlamında küresel siyaset ve uluslararası güvenlik konularındaki Yıl: 8 üstünlüğüne vurgu yapılacak, Karadeniz’in küresel siyasetteki önemi ve Sayı:16 yeri değerlendirmeye alınacak, uluslararası güvenlik konularında Türkiye’nin yeterliliğini güçlendiren Karadeniz’in jeopolitik konumu incelenecektir. Bununla birlikte, çalışmada farklı unsurların Karadeniz üzerindeki hâkimiyet kurma çabaları incelenecektir. İlgili çabalar küresel yapılanmalar ve anlaşmazlıklar üzerinden gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılacaktır. * Doç. Dr., Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü, ORCID: 0000-0003-1199-930X, e-posta: [email protected]. Geliş Tarihi / Submitted : 12.10.2018 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted : 06.09.2019 Konur Alp DEMİR 574 Çalışmanın nihai amacı Karadeniz’in Türkiye için öneminin kıyısal Güvenlik jeopolitik konumu açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Stratejileri Anahtar Kelimeler: Karadeniz, Kıyısal Jeopolitik, Küresel Siyaset, Cilt: 15 Ekonomi, Yönetim. Sayı: 32 Abstract Coastal geopolitics is a concept explaining the strategic contribution of water bodies such as ocean, sea, lake, strait, delta and river to the geopolitics of a country. An inland sea as the geographical location of Turkey and the Black Sea can be considered to be located at a point linking Asia with Europe and the Black Sea to Turkey it raises an important position in both Europe and Asia. In this study, in terms of having the longest coastline on the Black Sea in Turkey will be held in global politics and emphasis on the rule of international security issues, the Black Sea to be taken and location assessment importance in global politics, geopolitics of the Black Sea to strengthen Turkey's competence in international security issues will be examined. However, the study will attempt to examine the different elements' efforts to dominate the Black Sea. Relevant efforts will be made through global structures and disagreements. The importance for Turkey's ultimate objective of the study is to evaluate in terms of the Black Sea coastal geopolitical position. Keywords: Black Sea, Coastal Geopolitics, Global Politics, Economy, Administration. Giriş Jeopolitik kavramı 19. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren bilim adamlarının inceleme nesnesi haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda bilim adamları jeopolitik kavramını uluslararası ilişkiler ve sınır hatlarının güvenliğinden yönetimine kadar geniş bir çerçevede olmak üzerre devlet çalışmaları ile ilişkilendirmişlerdir. Çünkü ulus devletlerin kendi sınırlarını belirlemek suretiyle yer altı madenlerine ve su gibi hayati Karadeniz’in Türkiye için Kıyısal Jeopolitik Açıdan Önemi önemi olan kaynaklara erişimlerini garanti altına almaya çalışmaları, 575 coğrafi unsurlar açısından mutlak bir biçimde sınır çizme ve bu sınırlar Güvenlik içerisinde konumlanma konusunu gündeme getirmektedir.1 Stratejileri Jeopolitik kavramını ilk defa bilim dünyası ile tanıştıran ve Cilt: 15 formülize eden kişi anayasa avukatı (veya anayasa hukukçusu) Rudolf Sayı: 32 Kjellén (1864-1922)’dir. Karl Haushofer (1869–1946) ise ilgili kavramı sistematik açıdan geliştiren, uluslararası ilişkiler öğretisine işleyen ve coğrafyacı kimliği ile de tanınan bir Alman subayıydı.2 Karl Haushofer jeopolitiği, “Doğal şartların ve tarihi gelişmelerin etkisi altında değişen siyasi hayat şeklinin (devletin) üzerinde yaşadığı yer ile ilişkisidir.” biçiminde anlamlandırmıştır. Kenar Kuşak Teorisi’nin sahibi Amerikalı jeopolitikçi Nicholas John Spykman ise jeopolitiği, “Bir ülkenin güvenlik politikasının coğrafi unsurlara ve olaylara göre planlanmasıdır.” şeklinde tanımlamıştır. İngiliz jeopolitikçi Geoffrey Sloan konuya farklı bir bakış ile yaklaşmış
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