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Book Reviews Book Reviews _ breen, Alberta=s Petroleum Industry and the Conservation Board by Sean Goulas 94 cruikshank, Close Ties: Railways, Government, and the Board of Railway Commissioners, 1851B1933 by J.J.B. Forster 97 tomblin, Ottawa and the Outer Provinces: The Challenge of Regional Integration in Canada by Garth Stevenson 99 kealey, Workers and Canadian History by David Montgomery 101 waldram, herring, and young, Aboriginal Health in Canada: Historical, Cultural, and Epidemiological Perspectives by Hartmut B. Krentz 103 mouat, Roaring Days: Rossland=s Mines and the History of British Columbia by David Frank 105 steedman, suschnigg, and buse, eds, Hard Lessons: The Mine Mill Union in the Canadian Labour Movement by Jeremy Mouat 108 bumsted, The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919: An Illustrated History by Gregory S. Kealey 110 cadigan, Hope and Deception in Conception Bay: Merchant-Settler Relations in Newfoundland, 1785B1855 by David Monod 111 crellin, Home Medicine: The Newfoundland Experience by Colin D. Howell 114 hiller and harrington, eds, The Newfoundland National Convention, 1946B1948 by David MacKenzie 116 mackenzie, ed., Documents on Canadian Relations / Documents relatifs aux relations extérieures du Canada, vols. 14 and 15 by J.L. Granatstein 118 pickersgill, Seeing Canada Whole: A Memoir by D.J. Bercuson 120 sharp, Which Reminds Me B A Memoir by D.J. Bercuson 120 laforest, Trudeau and the End of a Canadian Dream by H. Blair Neatby 122 mccall and clarkson, Trudeau and Our Times, vol. 2: The Heroic Delusion by H. Blair Neatby 122 struthers, The Limits of Affluence: Welfare in Ontario, 1920B1970 by Shirley Tillotson 125 clarke, The Siege of Fort Cumberland 1776: An Episode in the American Revolution by Olaf U. Janzen 127 williams, First in the Field: Gault of the Patricias by Carman Miller 129 waiser, Park Prisoners: The Untold Sory of Western Canada=s National Parks, 1915B1946 by Leslie Bella 130 greenhous, harris, johnston, and rawling, The Crucible of War, 1939B1945: The Official History of the Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3, by Dean F. Oliver 132 christie, Ocean Bridge: The History of RAF Ferry Command by Marc Milner 134 http://www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/CHR.78.1.93 - Thursday, July 16, 2015 12:59:07 PM University of Saskatchewan IP Address:128.233.13.216 beeby, Cargo of Lies: The True Story of a Nazi Double Agent in Canada by Larry Hannant 137 whitaker and marcuse, Cold War Canada: The Making of a National Insecurity State, 1945B1957 by Gregory A. Johnson 139 lunan, The Making of a Spy: A Political Odyssey by Larry Hannant 141 94 The Canadian Historical Review gourdeau, Les délices de nos coeurs: Marie de l=Incarnation et ses pensionnaires amérindiennes, 1639B1672 by Kathryn A. Young 143 gallat-morin, Jean Girard: Musicien en Nouvelle-France, Bourges, 1696BMontréal 1765 by Gordon E. Smith 145 lavallée, La Prairie en Nouvelle-France, 1647B1760: Etude d=histoire sociale by Catherine Desbarats 147 lamonde, Louis-Antoine Dessaulles: un seigneur libéral et anticlérical by Colin M. Coates 149 choquette, The Oblate Assault on Canada=s Northwest by Jacqueline Gresko 151 fraser, Church, College, and Clergy: A History of Theological Education at Knox College, Toronto, 1844B1994 by Marguerite Van Die 153 burkinshaw, Pilgrims in Lotus Land: Conservative Protestantism in British Columbia, 1917B1981 by Elsie Watts 155 prang, A Heart at Leisure from Itself: Caroline Macdonald of Japan by A. Hamish Ion 157 seager, The World=s Parliament of Religions: The East/West Encounter, Chicago, 1893 by Ramsay Cook 159 diamond, cronk, and van rosen, Visions of Sound: Musical Instruments of First Nations Communities in Northeastern America by Thomas Vennum Jr 161 snow, The Iroquois by Conrad E. Heidenreich 164 reid, Myth, Symbol, and Colonial Encounter: British and Mi=kmaq in Acadia, 1700B1867 by Charles A. Martijn 165 peers, The Ojibwa of Western Canada, 1780B1970 by Toby Morantz 167 mancall, Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America by J.A. Brandão 169 pettipas, Severing the Ties That Bind: Government Repression of Indigenous Religious Ceremonies on the Prairies by Mary-Ellen Kelm 171 pagden, Lords of All the Worlds: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France, c.1500Bc.1800 by Olive Patricia Dickason 173 mcclintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest by Carolyn Strange 175 young, Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race by Mariana Valverde 177 barman, sutherland, and wilson, eds, Children, Teachers & Schools in the History of British Columbia by Rebecca Priegert Coulter 179 knafla and binnie, eds, Law, Society, and the State: Essays in Modern Legal History by Philip Sworden 181 phillips, loo, and lewthwaite, eds, Essays in the History of Canadian Law, vol. 5: Crime and Criminal Justice by Nancy Parker 183 Alberta=s Petroleum Industry and the Conservation Board. david h. breen. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press 1993. Pp. lxii, 800, illus. $39.95 This hefty tome describes effectively Alberta=s attempt to rationalize its most lucrative natural resource. The province=s first oil producers worked under the <law of capture= B the idea that oil and natural gas belonged to whomever brought it to the surface, even if part of the http://www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/CHR.78.1.93 - Thursday, July 16, 2015 12:59:07 PM University of Saskatchewan IP Address:128.233.13.216 reservoir rested under another person=s property. This legal precedent, based on an English common law tradition governing wild game hunting, promoted wasteful drilling, since no land owners wanted <their= oil to be drilled by a competitor. Initial Book Reviews 95 conservation efforts to reduce this waste experimented with a number of methods, including minimum well spacing, common carrier and purchaser provisions, >unitization= (which treated all reservoirs as a single producing unit), and improved recovery techniques. These first rationalizing attempts, introduced primarily in Texas, Indiana, and Oklahoma, found their way into Canadian conservation efforts. The creation of Alberta=s Petroleum and Natural Gas Conservation Board (pngcb) in 1938, later called the Oil and Gas Conservation Board (1957B71) and later still the Energy Resources Conservation Board (1971B), concentrated the province=s petroleum conservation expertise into one regulatory body and serves as the subject for Breen=s discussion. The book=s introduction, the first of five sections, provides a brief overview of the historiography of oil conservation and introduces the reader to a number of the engineering terms. The second section recounts the beginnings of oil conservation in Alberta from the first bituminous fountains discovered in the late nineteenth century until the founding of the pngcb in 1938. The largest part of the book chronicles the efforts of this board to educate the oil industry on efficient drilling and conservation techniques before and after the immense Leduc discovery in 1947. A well-structured, concise con- clusion summarizes Breen=s argument. A glossary, conversion tables, bibliography, and ten appendices, including a lengthy description on field management of the conservation board from 1948 to 1958, round out the book. Breen attributes the success of Alberta=s oil conservation board to four factors. First, the legal and structural environment in Alberta was unique. Unlike similar conservation efforts in Texas and Oklahoma, the wide-ranging mandate of the pngcb was <court- proofed= by Social Credit when it gave the board extraordinary legal powers that were <final and decisive= and against which industry could not appeal. Although the board sought consensus with industry in the development of a consistent conservation strategy, it was willing to use its broad, discretionary powers if necessary. This regulatory potential was enhanced by the fact that mineral rights remained in the possession of the government when Crown lands were sold or given up. Second, the relatively small Turner Valley proved a <training school= that gave the board an opportunity to experiment with policy before the enormous Leduc discovery. Third, the uninterrupted tenure of Social Credit provided stability for the board, allowing science, and not political expediency, to guide policy. Leaders like E.C. Manning and N.E. Tanner helped to create the pngcb and then ensured consistent policy over time. http://www.utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/CHR.78.1.93 - Thursday, July 16, 2015 12:59:07 PM University of Saskatchewan IP Address:128.233.13.216 Politicians came to respect the technical advice offered, as did the oil industry in general. Finally, the successes of Alberta=s oil conserva- tion, according to Breen, resulted from the <dedication and competence of ... a few clear sighted civil servants= who pressured 96 The Canadian Historical Review <industry and cautious politicians to act responsibly in the public interest= (240). This final point, the objective approach taken by the pngcb in ful- filling its mandate of maximizing efficiency and protecting correla- tive property rights, is this book=s central focus. Unlike previous work in this field, specifically John Richards and Larry Pratt=s Prairie Capitalism, Breen asserts that the pngcb was not simply a wholesale adaptation of American practices that served the interests of the large oil companies. Instead, Breen argues that the Alberta board remained objective, adopting a petroleum allocation system based on non-political considerations such as <acreage assigned to the well ... pool average porosity, connate water ... expected recovery, [and] expected producing life= (294). This <prorationing,= based on the maximum permissible rate of production, helped create a unique regulatory system distinct from American efforts. The degree of difference between jurisdictions is debatable, however. Although the pngcb may not have been co-opted by business, it was, like its southerly neighbours, unquestionably pro-development. The book provides an excellent narrative of the pngcb=s activities and how they compared with petroleum conservation efforts in the United States.
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