2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan Prevention, Protection, Rescue!

COMMITTEE OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND CIVIL DEFENSE UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2019 OVERVIEW OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN PREVENTION, PROTECTION, RESCUE!

August 17 – Foundation day of the Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense of the Republic of Tajikistan «…Since gaining independence, Tajikistan has been implementing an effective state policy to protect the population and territory from natural and environmental disasters and major industrial accidents by implementing a set of legal and protective measures. The Government of the country is taking all necessary measures to strengthen material and technical base of the rescue service, which contributes to the effective- ness of the Committee. To prevent and reduce the risk of natural disasters, the Committee employees should, first of all, focus on the development of the emergency situations monitoring and forecasting system, introduction of modern methodologies and technologies…».

From the greeting message of the Founder of Peace and National Unity – Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan Honourable Emomali Rahmon to the employees of the CoES and CD on the 25th Anniversary of the establishment of the rescue agency. Prevention. Protection. Rescue!

Table of contents:

I. FOREWORD...... 4 II. THE STATE SYSTEM OF PREVENTION, RESPONSE AND PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION AND THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FROM EMERGENCY SITUATIONS...... 6 2.1 State Commission of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on Emergency Situations...... 6 2.2. National Disaster Risk Reduction Platform of the Republic of Tajikistan...... 11 2.3. Unified State Emergency Situations Prevention and Management System of the Republic of Tajikistan...... 14 III. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION STRATEGY AND THE COES AND CD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME...... 18 IV. MEASURES TO PROTECT THE POPULATION AND THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FROM EMERGENCY SITUATIONS...... 22 4.1. Crisis Management Centre development perspectives...... 22 4.2. Analysis of emergency situations registered in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2019...... 24 4.3. Measures to protect agricultural plants from hail...... 38 4.4. The Sarez Lake Monitoring System modernization...... 40 4.5. Aerial monitoring of breakthrough-prone mountain lakes...... 44 V. CIVIL DEFENSE ACTIVITIES...... 47 5.1. Activities on preparation of population, economy and territory of the Republic of Tajikistan to civil defense...... 47 5.2. Training of population on the basis of the Republican Training and Methodological Centre...... 50 5.3. Actions of the CD troops to mitigate the consequences of natural disasters...... 61 VI. SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS...... 67 6.1. Results of the Committee rescue subdivisions activities and participation of rescue teams of Tajikistan in international competitions and exercises...... 67 VII. PUBLIC OUTREACH ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA OF PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS...... 75 7.1. Outreach activities in the field of population protection from emergency situations...... 75 VIII. HUMAN RESOURCES POLICY...... 78 8.1. Training and retraining of personnel...... 78 IХ. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION...... 81 9.1. Activities to expand and strengthen international cooperation in the field of emergency situations prevention and response...... 81 Х. KEY AREAS OF THE COMMITTEE'S DEVELOPMENT IN 2020...... 86 ХI. INFORMATION ON THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN...... 88

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I. FOREWORD

ali Rahmon, the Founder of Peace and National Unity, the Leader of the Nation and President of the Republic of Tajikistan, the formation of a new structure of government and administration was initiated, including ensuring the safety of the population and territories of the country from natural and man-caused disasters. Proceeding from this, by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Tajikistan No.400 of August 17, 1994, the Committee on Emergency Situations and Civil Dear reader! Defense under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan was established, which is the cen- We bring to your attention the Overview tral body of executive government in charge of of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense in implementation of state policy, normative and the Republic of Tajikistan in 2019, prepared by legal regulation, provision of state services and the Committee with the financial support of the management of state property in the field of OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe. emergency situations and civil defense. This Overview is published in order to pro- In its activities, the Committee adminis- vide you, dear readers, with objective informa- trates the implementation of a unified state pol- tion on the measures taken by the Government icy in the field of protection of population, ob- of the Republic of Tajikistan in the field of jects of economy and territory of the Republic emergency situations and civil defense, on the of Tajikistan from consequences of emergency results of the Committee official activities to- situations, organizes coordination of the whole wards the implementation of state policy in the complex of national, legal, defense and other field of emergency situations and civil defense activities in this field, as well as organizes and management, training and protection of the ensures international cooperation in the field of population, economic facilities and the territory civil defense, protection of population, objects of the Republic of Tajikistan from the conse- of economy and territory of the country from quences of emergency situations. In addition, natural and man-caused emergency situations. the Overview includes materials on the anal- Over the past period, a legal and regulatory ysis of the situation related to forecasting and framework in the field of emergency situations prevention of emergency situations, protection and civil defense has been established to ensure of agriculture, public outreach activities, imple- the protection of the population and territories mentation of sectoral programs and internation- of the country from emergency situations and al cooperation. man-caused accidents. The Laws of the Re- Dear readers, colleagues! Due to geograph- public of Tajikistan “On Civil Defense”, “On ical and climatic conditions in the Republic of the Protection of the Population and Territory Tajikistan, every year natural, geological and from Natural and Man-Caused Disasters”, “On hydrological phenomena emerge, such as heavy Emergency Rescue Services, Emergency Res- rains, mudflows, floods, snowfalls, avalanch- cue Units and the Status of Rescuers”, and “On es and rockfalls, landslides and earthquakes, the State Material Reserve” have been adopted. drought and strong winds that cause significant The State Commission on Emergency Situ- damage to the country population and economy. ations of the Government of the Republic of Ta- Since gaining independence of the Repub- jikistan headed by the President has been estab- lic of Tajikistan, under the leadership of Emom- lished and is functioning effectively to improve

4 Prevention. Protection. Rescue! and implement a unified state policy in the area of protection of the population and territories from natural disasters. In addition, taking into account climate change and increase in the number of natural disasters, the Committee has developed and Government of the Republic of Tajikistan approved the Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy and the CoES Development Program. Implementation of these and other set tasks requires from the CoES and CD staff high pro- fessionalism, moral and ethical qualities, con- stant preparedness for timely response to possible natural disasters and assistance to citizens in distress. In conclusion, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all our partners for their cooperation and assistance in addressing issues related to the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations. The Committee hopes that the information provided in the “2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan” will be useful not only to civil servants but also to the broad public, the media and various segments of the population.

Respectfully, Chairman of the Committee R. Nazarzoda

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II. THE STATE SYSTEM OF PREVENTION, RESPONSE AND PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION AND THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FROM EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

2.1. State Commission of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on Emergency Situations

gency Situations Prevention and Management System of the Republic of Tajikistan. Later, the structure of this Commission has been improved by the Decree of the Govern- ment of the Republic of Tajikistan of December 30, 2015. The activity of the State Commission on Emergency Situations of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan is aimed at the development and implementation of the unified state policy in the sphere of protection of population For the purpose of development of a uni- and territories from emergency situations, de- fied state policy in the sphere of protection of termining main directions for improvement and population and territories from emergency situ- development of the unified system and coordi- ations, as well as preparation of the republican nation of activity of commissions on emergen- governing bodies of all levels for rapid and ef- cy situations, development of draft regulatory fective actions in natural and man-caused emer- legal acts in the sphere of protection of popula- gency situations, the State Commission of the tion and territories from emergency situations. Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on The Commission also deals with the issues Emergency Situations was established by the of increasing the sustainability of the country's Decree of the Government of the Republic of economic infrastructures operation and pre- Tajikistan of August 3, 2002, for coordination paredness of the country’s administrative bod- of governing bodies of the Unified State Emer- ies at all levels to act rapidly and effectively in

The structure of the State Commission

Commission Chairman – Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan

First Deputy Chairman of the Commission – Prime Minister of the Republic of Tajikistan

Responsible Secretary of the Deputy Chairman Deputy Chairman of the Commission – Commission – Chief of of the Commission – Chairman of the Commission Administration on Defense and Deputy Prime Minister Law Enforcement of the on ES and CD Executive Office of the President RT

Members of the State Commission

Heads of the ministries and agencies of the Republic

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cases of extreme situations caused by natural –– coordination of activities of commissions and man-caused emergency situations. on emergency situations of functional and Within its terms of reference, the Commis- territorial subsystems of the Unified System sion for Emergency Situations has the follow- in the development of draft target programs ing main tasks: on protection of population and territories –– development and implementation of a uni- from emergency situations and ensuring fied state policy in the field of protection sustainable functioning of organizations, of the population and territories from emer- as well as activities on implementation of gency situations; these programs; –– implementation of a single technical policy –– coordination of commissions on emergen- in improving the sustainability of econom- cy situations activities of functional and ic facilities of the Republic of Tajikistan in territorial subsystems of the Unified Sys- emergency situations; tem for development and implementation –– identifying the main areas for improvement of organizational and engineering-techni- and further development of the Unified cal measures for prevention of emergency System; situations, ensuring stability and safety of –– coordination of activities of commissions potentially hazard-prone facilities in emer- on emergency situations of functional and gency situations; territorial subsystems of the Unified Sys- –– coordination of activities of organizations tem for development of draft legislative of the Republic of Tajikistan, carrying out acts and other regulatory legal acts in the activities in the field of protection of popu- field of protection of population and terri- lation and territories from emergency situa- tories from emergency situations, as well tions using funds of international organiza- as review and submission of draft of these tions, loans, investments, as well as funds documents to the Government of the Re- from the national budget allocated for these public of Tajikistan in accordance with the purposes and other funding sources; established procedure; –– coordination of activities of management bodies and forces of the Unified System during

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conduction of large-scale emergency rescue rial subsystems of the Unified System in and other urgent rehabilitation operations to addressing issues related to the provision ensure functioning of economic facilities of of necessary social and other assistance to the Republic of Tajikistan in case of emer- citizens affected by emergency situations gency situations and aimed at saving life and and to citizens involved in their mitigation; health of people, reducing material losses and –– preparation of proposals on the distribu- damage to environment, as well as localization tion of financial and material and technical of emergency zones and their mitigation; resources allocated by the Government of –– assistance to the commissions of emergen- the Republic of Tajikistan to eliminate the cy situations of the functional and territo- consequences of emergency situations for rial subsystems of the Unified System in the implementation of emergency and ur- carrying out emergency response activities gent measures to prevent and eliminate the and resettlement of population from emer- consequences of unexpected emergencies; gency zones; –– drafting proposals on providing material and financial support to those affected by emergency situations; –– consideration of issues on attraction of civil defense forces and means to organization and conduction of measures on prevention and mitigation of emergency situations in the order established by the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan; –– organization of reserves of financial and material resources for mitigation of emergency situations; –– carrying out information and analytical –– assistance to the commissions of emergen- activities on issues related to the Commis- cy situations of the functional and territo- sion’s terms of reference;

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–– coordination of cooperation of the country ministries and agencies with foreign countries and international organizations in the field of protection of population and territories from emergency situations within the framework of commitments stemming from relevant treaties and agreements;

–– organization of study and using experience of other states and activities of international organizations in the field of protection of population and territories from emergency situations; –– determining financing of measures for liquidation of emergency situations and ensuring targeted use of the mentioned funds –– establishing a unified approach to emergen- aimed at rapid addressing of issues related cy assessment, contingency zone delinea- to rehabilitation of destroyed residential tion and adequate response; houses, production facilities and the pop- –– defining in the order established by the ulation life support infrastructure in the af- Government of the Republic of Tajikistan fected areas in accordance with the proce- the volume of damage caused to property dure established by the Government of the and submitting necessary documents in in Republic of Tajikistan. the event of emergency situations; In accordance with its mandate and tasks, –– defining main directions of international co- the Commission has the right: operation in the field of increasing the sus- –– to consider proposals and submit its con- tainability of economic facilities of the Re- clusions on development and improvement public of Tajikistan in emergency situations; of the legislation of the Republic of Tajiki- –– preparation of proposals on establishment stan in the area of protection of population of contractual relations with foreign coun- and territories from emergency situations; tries on issues of mutual notification, as- –– to submit in accordance with the estab- sistance in prevention and mitigation of lished procedure to the Government of the consequences of possible emergency situ- Republic of Tajikistan draft regulatory le- ations; gal acts on issues falling within the Com- –– assistance to the commissions for emergen- mission mandate; cy situations of the functional and territo- –– to make necessary decisions within its rial subsystems of the Unified System in terms of reference to improve interaction the course of reconstruction activities after between ministries and agencies, local emergency situations; executive bodies of state government, lo- –– preparation of proposals on the develop- cal self-government bodies of villages and ment of a system of economic, social, or- settlements, and organizations in the field ganizational, scientific, technical, legal of protection of population, territories and and other measures aimed at protecting the economic facilities in emergency situa- population and territories from emergency tions; situations;

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–– to approve by its decision the distribution tablished in ministries and agencies, and local of funds allocated by the Government of executive bodies of state government. the Republic of Tajikistan for prevention To reduce the risk of natural disasters, as and liquidation of emergency situations and well as to prevent, respond to emergency sit- the list of facilities that sustained damage; uations during 2019, quarterly meetings of the –– to hear reports from officials of ministries emergency situations commissions of local ex- and agencies, chairpersons of regions, cit- ecutive bodies of state government in GBAR, ies, districts and organizations of the re- Sughd and Khatlon regions, the city of Dushan- public on the targeted use of funds for be and cities and districts of republican subor- prevention and liquidation of emergency dination were held. situations and other issues within the Com- At the Commission meeting the following mission competence; issues were considered: –– to coordinate actions of functional and terri- –– instructions of the Leader of the Nation torial management bodies and forces of the – President of the Republic of Tajikistan Unified System involved in the liquidation Emomali Rahmon to take appropriate mea- of emergency situations, organize the solu- sures to reduce the risk of natural disasters tion of other urgent tasks and determine the in areas most exposed to emergency situa- work procedure of these groups; tions; –– to exercise control over implementation –– on the course of implementation of the of submitted to the Commission targeted Government of the Republic of Tajikistan programmes on the issues of protection of Decision “On the National Disaster Risk population and territories from emergency Reduction Strategy of the Republic of Ta- situations and sustainability of economic jikistan for 2019–2030”; facilities of the Republic of Tajikistan in emergency situations; –– to involve in the established order spe- cialists of the ministries and agencies, enterprises, institutions and organizations of the Republic of Tajikistan into carrying out analytical, expert and other works falling under the Commission mandate. The Commission shall carry out its activities in accordance with the work plan adopted at the Commission meeting and approved by its Chairman. The meetings of the Commis- sion shall be held as necessary, but not less than twice a year. The Chairman of the Commission or one of his designated deputies shall conduct –– on the course of implementation of the Gov- the Commission meetings. ernment of the Republic of Tajikistan Deci- Minutes of the Commission meetings, de- sion “On the Order of Creation and Use of cisions and orders adopted as a result of consid- Material Resources Reserves for Manage- eration of issues within its competence shall be ment of Natural Emergency Situations”; binding for all ministries, state committees and –– on the course of implementation of the In- agencies of the country, enterprises, institutions struction of the State Commission of the and organizations. Government of the Republic of Tajikistan In accordance with the Decree of the Gov- on Emergency Situations “On Conduction ernment of the Republic of Tajikistan, commis- of Riverbank Reinforcement Works in Cit- sions on emergency situations have been es- ies and Districts”.

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2.2. National Disaster Risk Reduction Platform of the Republic of Tajikistan

To regulate the procedure for coordinat- The National Platform brings together gov- ing the activities of the country ministries and ernment bodies, ministries and institutions, lo- agencies on disaster risk reduction, the National cal and international non-governmental organi- Disaster Risk Reduction Platform of the Repub- zations, private and public sector. lic of Tajikistan was established by the Govern- The main tasks of the National Platform: ment of the Republic of Tajikistan Decision –– drafting proposals and recommendations No.98 of March 1, 2012, which within its terms on the development and coordination of of reference cooperates with executive bodies activities in the field of reduction of the of state government, ministries and agencies, risk of natural and man-caused disasters, self-governing bodies, non-governmental orga- as well as human casualties and socio-eco- nizations, private and public sectors. nomic damage; The activities of the National Platform are –– coordination, analysis and consultations on aimed at developing proposals and recommen- the main directions of disaster risk reduc- dations for the development and coordination tion, which require concerted action at the of activities in the field of disaster risk reduc- national level; tion, coordination, analysis and organization of –– ensuring progress in achieving the disaster risk consultations on priority areas of disaster risk reduction goals and monitoring in this area; reduction, as well as organization of working –– organizing the participation of various sec- groups, taking into account the knowledge, ex- tors of society in the discussion of disaster perience and ideas of stakeholders in the field risk reduction activities; of disaster risk reduction. –– coordinating the organization and activities The staff of the National Platform under the of thematic working groups, taking into ac- leadership of the Deputy Prime Minister of the count knowledge, experience and opinions Republic of Tajikistan – the sector curator has of disaster risk reduction stakeholders; been approved by the Government of the Re- –– ensuring monitoring of implementation by public of Tajikistan. organizations of all programs, projects, rec-

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National Platform structure

Chairman of the National Platform – Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Tajikistan

Deputy Chairman of the National Platform – Chairman of the Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan

Deputy Chairman of the National Platform – Executive Officer of the Platform – Head of the Administration of Defense and Legal Head of the CoES General Directorate Order of the Executive Office of the President for Protection of Population and Territory of the Republic of Tajikistan

NATIONAL PLATFORM MEMBERS: Representatives of ministries and agencies

OBSERVERS: REACT (donors and other IOs)

ommendations and other documents in the –– on the progress of preventive measures and field of disaster risk reduction; riverbank reinforcement works; –– development and harmonization of pro- –– on the results of aerial observations to iden- grammes and a common methodology for tify snow reserves, forecasting of possible disaster risk assessment in this area; incidence of mudflows and floods; –– using and introduction of international experience in programme development and disaster environmental impact assessment; –– cooperation with regional, international, donor and other specialized organizations on disaster risk reduction; –– organization of training and using international experience in the process of disaster response, as well as coordination of interaction between national ministries and agencies on these issues within the framework of commitments of the Republic of Tajikistan stemming from respective treaties and agreements. –– on the preparedness of the road service At the meetings of the National Platform, forces and means and reserves of the nec- representatives of a number of ministries and essary material and technical means to pre- agencies of the Republic, heads of international pare for natural disasters in the winter peri- organizations heard reports and discussed the od of 2019–2020; following issues: –– on financing emergency situations preven- –– on the progress of implementation of the tion and response activities from the con- Government of the Republic of Tajikistan tingency fund of the Government of the Decision “On the National Disaster Risk Republic of Tajikistan; Reduction Strategy of the Republic of Ta- –– on the procedure of attracting foreign invest- jikistan for 2019–2030”; ments for the implementation of the Nation-

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al Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan emergency situations-re- Republic of Tajikistan for 2019–2030; lated decisions and approved action plans. –– on the epidemiological situation in the Re- public of Tajikistan; –– the results of engineering and geological surveys in areas exposed to hazardous ex- ogenous processes; –– on the implementation of the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Seismic Safe- ty” and the results of scientific-research and scientific-practical work in the field of earthquake-proof construction; –– consideration of the draft medium-term programme of implementation of the Na- tional Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy of Likewise, to implement the recommenda- the Republic of Tajikistan for 2019–2022; tions of the “Sendai Framework Programme for –– on cash payments in case of emergency sit- Disaster Risk Reduction for 2015–2030” in the uations through the social security system; Republic of Tajikistan and the requirements of –– on the results of disaster risk reduction the “National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy projects and programmes implementation of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2019–2030”, the in the regions; responsible persons of the CoES and CD have –– on coordination in case of natural disasters been instructed to coordinate with the ministries within the framework of REACT activities. and agencies of the Republic of Tajikistan as soon Following the meetings of the National as possible on the medium-term programme for Platform, decisions were made and instructions implementation of the National Disaster Risk Re- were provided to the country ministries and duction Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for agencies on taking necessary steps towards im- 2019–2022 and submit it for consideration to the plementation of the adopted Government of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.

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2.3. Unified State Emergency Situations Prevention and Management System of the Republic of Tajikistan

To prevent emergency situations and or- nize work in the field of protection of the popu- ganize work in the event of natural disasters, lation and territories from emergency situations Government Decree No.833 “The Unified State within the framework of activities of these bod- Emergency Situations Prevention and Man- ies and organizations that have the Unified Sys- agement System of the Republic of Tajikistan tem functional subsystems. Structure and Operation Procedure” of Decem- Unified System territorial subsystems are ber 31, 2014 was approved. created in administrative-territorial units for the The Unified State System brings together prevention and liquidation of emergency situ- management bodies, forces and resources of ations on their territories and consist of units ministries and agencies, executive bodies of according to their administrative-territorial di- state government, local self-government bodies visions. and organizations, which terms of reference in- At each level of the Unified System: a clude dealing with the protection of the popula- coordination body, a permanently operating tion and territories from emergency situations management body, a daily management body, and implementing the tasks set out in the Law forces and resources, reserves of financial and of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Protection of material resources, as well as communication, the Population and Territories from Natural and notification and information support systems Man-Caused Emergency Situations”. are created. The Unified System, which consists of The Committee on Emergency Situations functional and territorial subsystems, operates and Civil Defense under the Government of the at the national, regional, district, city, local and Republic of Tajikistan provides methodological facility levels. guidance in planning actions within the Unified Functional subsystems of the Unified Sys- System. tem shall be created by ministries and agencies, as well as and authorized organizations to orga-

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Unified System structure

State Commission of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on Emergency Situations

Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan

Unified State System functional subsystems

Ministries and departments, executive bodies of state government and economic facilities

–– preparation of the population to actions in emergency situations; –– promotion of knowledge in the area of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations and ensuring fire safety; –– developing and implementing targeted and scientific and technical programmes and measures to prevent emergency situations and ensure fire safety; –– managing the creation, placement, storage and replenishment of reserves of material The activities of the Unified System in- resources for emergency response; clude planning, preparation and implementa- –– carrying out within its term of reference tion of protection activities for populations and state expertise, supervision and control in territories and, depending on the situation, the the area of protecting the population and Unified System operates in the daily operation, territories from emergency situations and high alert and emergency mode. ensuring fire safety; The main activities carried out by the Uni- –– exercising, within its terms of reference, fied System administrative bodies are: the necessary types of insurance; 1. In a daily operation mode: –– maintaining statistical reporting on emer- –– environmental studies and forecasting of gency situations, participation in the inves- emergency situations; tigation of the causes of accidents and di- –– collection, processing and exchange of in- sasters and in the development of measures formation in the area of protection of popu- to eliminate the causes of such accidents lation and territories from emergency situa- and disasters. tions and fire safety in accordance with the established procedure; –– planning, training and support of activities of the Unified System management and forces;

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of emergency situations and their consequences; –– notification of heads of ministries and agencies, local executive bodies of state government of regions, cities and districts of the Republic of Tajikistan, local self-government bodies and organizations, as well as the population on emergency situations that have occurred; –– taking measures to protect the population and territories from emergency situations; 2. In a high alert mode: –– organization of work on liquidation of –– uninterrupted environmental control, fore- emergency situations and comprehensive casting of incidence of emergency situa- provision of Unified System forces and tions and their consequences; means operations, maintenance of public –– continuous collection, processing and order in the course of their implementation, transmission of data on predicted emergen- as well as involvement of public organi- cy situations to the Unified System author- zations and population in response to oc- ities and forces, informing the population curred emergency situations if necessary in about the methods and ways of protection accordance with the established procedure; from them; –– continuous collection, analysis and ex- –– introduction of 24-hour shifts, if necessary, change of information on the situation in for managers and officers of the Unified the emergency zone and during emergency System management bodies and forces at response operations; fixed command posts; –– organization and maintenance of contin- –– taking prompt measures to prevent the uous interaction between ministries and emergence and development of emergency agencies, local executive bodies of state situations, reduce the scope of damage and government of regions, cities and dis- losses in the event of their occurrence, as tricts of the Republic of Tajikistan, local well as to improve the stability and safety self-government bodies and organizations of organizations in emergency situations; on the issues of liquidation of emergency –– revision of action (interaction) plans for di- situations and their consequences. saster management and other documents; The following sources are used for the –– bringing, if necessary, the forces and means prevention and liquidation of emergency situ- of the Unified System into preparedness to ations: respond to emergency situations, formation –– the Government of Tajikistan's contingen- of rapid response teams and organizing cy fund, which is envisaged annually in the their deployment in the supposed areas of national budget; action; –– reserves of material values to sustain the –– replenishing, if necessary, the reserves of emergency operations on the mitigation material resources created for emergency of consequences of emergency situations, response; which are a part of the state material re- –– conducting evacuation activities as neces- serve; sary. –– reserves of financial and material resources 3. In an emergency mode: of ministries and agencies in the financial –– continuous monitoring of the state of the year; environment, forecasting the development –– reserves of financial and material resources of local executive bodies of state govern-

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ment of regions, cities and districts includ- Sughd Region Chairman Rajabboy Ahmadzo- ing reserve funds of chairmen of regions, da, the chairpersons of the commission for cities and districts, local self-government evacuation and the sustainability of economic bodies and organizations. facilities, and the heads of respective services in the region. The relevant ministries and agencies of the country, as well as the Khujand and Guliston City Unified Warning System forces and means were also involved in this exercise. In October 2019, a coordination training on response to natural disasters “Management of the Republic of Tajikistan Unified State Emer- gency Situations Prevention and Management System forces and means” was held with participation of representatives of the country ministries and departments. International organiza- In 2019, the Committee carried out a num- tions accredited in the Republic of Tajikistan ber of activities to prepare the Unified State were also involved in the training. Emergency Situations Prevention and Manage- Within the framework of the training a ment System of the Republic of Tajikistan. comprehensive exercise by the Unified State To assess the preparedness status of the Emergency Situations Prevention and Man- forces and means of local executive bodies agement System forces and means on disaster of state government in cities and districts, six management was also prepared and conducted audits of the preparedness status and improve- in the Qaratogh Range. ment of the territorial subdivisions of the Uni- To raise the level of training and improve fied State Emergency Situations Prevention and the management skills of the Unified State Sys- Management System were conducted. tem forces and means in emergency situations At the regional level, a comprehensive ter- in 2019, the Committee staff organized and ritorial exercise was conducted in Sughd region conducted training sessions with senior staff of on the subject of “Preparedness and Response the country ministries and agencies, chairmen to Emergency Situations Involving the Mass of emergency situations commissions of re- Flow of Refugees”, with the participation of gions, cities and districts of the country.

17 2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION STRATEGY AND THE COES AND CD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

The Sendai Framework Programme for the National Platform, which facilitates the Disaster Risk Reduction for 2015–2030 was implementation of the rolling medium-term adopted on March 18, 2015 at the Third World sub-programmes and long-term objectives of Disaster Risk Reduction Conference. the National Strategy. Sendai (Japan) recommends significantly The medium-term programme for im- increase by 2020 the number of countries that plementation of the National Strategy for had adopted national disaster risk reduction 2020-2022 has been developed on the basis strategies. of the key priorities and targets of the National The Government of the Republic of Ta- Strategy, taking into account new approaches of jikistan is taking effective measures to ensure the Sendai Framework and the Sustainable De- sustainable development based on the prior- velopment Goals until 2030, aimed at shifting ity areas and global objectives of the Sendai the focus from disaster management to disaster Framework Programme for 2015–2030. risk management, increasing the role of gender The National Disaster Risk Reduction and integrating private sector participation in Strategy for 2019–2030 was approved by the policies. GoT Decision of December 29, 2018. The Programme defines goals, objectives The National Strategy analyses the prog- and areas of actions, as well as mechanisms for ress made in the Republic of Tajikistan in disas- its implementation for the medium-term period ter risk reduction over the period of 1997–2018. up to 2022. In addition, it addresses the strengths and weak- The objective of the Programme is to nesses of the risk management process and fo- strengthen and develop national capacities to cuses on the state of disaster preparedness and reduce existing and prevent new disaster risks. response. The main priorities of the Programme are: The National Strategy aims to reduce ex- –– improvement of understanding of the isting and prevent new disaster risks through risks of natural disaster through enhanced building national disaster risk management ca- knowledge of risk factors; pacity. –– improvement of the legal and institutional The priorities and targets of the National framework of the disaster risk management Strategy will be implemented in phases until system; 2030 with the development and adoption of –– investment in disaster risk reduction mea- sub-programmes for 2020–2022, 2023–2026 sures in order to strengthen the resilience and 2027–2030. capacity; Such an approach will enable identifying –– improving disaster preparedness to ensure the most realistic and effective activities, as effective response and introducing resil- well as mobilizing funding resources to sup- ience measures into recovery, rehabilitation porting the activities outlined in the plans for and reconstruction activities. the second and third phases of the National The Action Plan for the period of 2020– Strategy. 2022 is aimed at improving the regulatory le- It will also enable adjusting the planned ac- gal framework and institutional mechanisms, tivities, target indicators and funding with due developing new methodological approaches to account of progress made or changes in prior- disaster risk management and creating a moni- ities. toring and evaluation model capable of laying a A regular monitoring and evaluation pro- solid ground for achieving the National Strate- cess will be carried out under the guidance of gy goals and objectives.

18 Prevention. Protection. Rescue!

Priority is given to strengthening disaster population and territory from natural and risk reduction measures, increasing the resil- man-caused emergency situations; ience of populations and strengthening infra- –– to increasing the level of protection of the structure in the context of integrating climate country population and the territory from change adaptation issues, especially at the lo- the hazards and threats of emergencies; cal level, developing and implementing sci- –– to expanding the system of early warning ence-based methodologies and tools for record- of the population about threats of emer- ing disaster losses by gender, age, disability and gency situations, further development of other statistical information, improving model- the system of information and emergency ling, assessment, mapping and monitoring of warning of the population in places of their disaster risk and early warning systems, cover- mass presence; ing various types of threats. –– to the development of the information and The implementation of the National Strate- telecommunication infrastructure of the gy and Programme till 2022 will be carried out emergency risk management system, as using the envisaged budgetary resources, exter- well as the monitoring and forecasting sys- nal investments and funds from international tem; organizations. –– to establishing highly qualified rescue The Government of the Republic of Ta- teams in the Committee and its territorial jikistan approved “The Committee for Emer- subdivisions fitted out by modern equip- gency Situations and Civil Defense under the ment and special technical means; Government of the Republic of Tajikistan De- –– to the improvement of training of the velopment Programme for 2018–2022” by its management staff of ministries and agen- Decision No.284 of May 31, 2018 (hereinafter, cies, training of the country population in the Programme). the field of emergency prevention and re- The main purpose of the Programme adop- sponse; tion is to identify priority directions for the –– to the expansion and strengthening of in- Committee development and ensure its further ternational cooperation in the field of pre- sustainable development. vention and liquidation of emergency sit- The Programme provides for measures to uations. develop the Committee's territorial bodies, as The programme is funded from: well as to improve the functioning of the Uni- –– national budget, including targeted addi- fied State Emergency Situations Prevention and tional funding for the acquisition of special Management System, to strengthen the material equipment and for the needs of the civil de- and technical base and capacity of emergency fense forces: and civil defense bodies in the area of protec- –– international organizations and partner tion of the population and the territory of the countries; Republic from emergency situations. –– budgets of local executive bodies of state Based on the Programme Implementation government (within the framework of de- Action Plan, this programme will be imple- velopment projects of regions, cities and mented in two stages. The first phase covers the districts, which are developed and agreed period of 2018–2020, and the second phase – with the Committee). 2021–2022. At the first stage of the program implemen- The implementation of the Programme will tation, the following steps have been taken: contribute: 1. Improvement of the regulatory legal –– to capacity building of the Unified State framework: Emergency Situations Prevention and Man- –– Draft Law of the Republic of Tajikistan agement System, as well as of the Commit- “On Civil Protection” was developed and tee in the area of protection of the country submitted for consideration of the Majlisi

19 2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan

Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan; as well –– a draft project on the construction and as in the framework of the Asian Develop- equipping of the Norak City Diver Res- ment Bank project, international and local cue Training Centre was developed and experts studied and submitted an expert as- presented to partners for financing. The sessment of the draft law; project will be aimed at training rescuers, –– respective amendments and additions have search and rescue teams, voluntary rescuers been made to the Law of the Republic of on large water bodies (Roghun, Norak and Tajikistan “On Civil Defense” of January Qayroqqum) for the total amount of USD 4 2, 2019, to the Law of the Republic of Ta- million 900 thousand; jikistan “On Emergency-Rescue Services, –– jointly with the EU, OSCE and French Emergency Rescue Structures and Status Embassy in the Republic of Tajikistan, the of Rescuers” of January 2, 2019 and to the necessary documents have been prepared Committee Regulation approved by the and signed to start the construction of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan National Rescue Training Centre, where it Decision on November 29, 2017, by a new is also planned to train rescuers from Af- Decision of November 1, 2019; ghanistan; –– Regulation on the Evacuation Commission –– jointly with the World Bank and the Asian and its Staff was developed and approved Development Bank implementation of by the Government Decision of July 31, projects on construction and equipping of 2018 in a new edition; the Dushanbe city and regions Crisis Situ- –– The Procedure for Certification of Rescue ations Management Centres (CSMC), up- Services and Structures, Search and Res- dating the Sarez Lake monitoring system cue Services and Teams, Rescuers and Citi- and expansion of the early warning zone, zens who Have the Status of a Rescuer was and replacement of the hail service locators developed and approved by the Chairman was started. of the Committee and registered with the 3. Training and retraining of personnel: Ministry of Justice. –– To improve professional training, retrain- 2. CoES reforming and improving the ing and capacity building of the Committee structure: staff, as well as to raise public awareness, –– to improve the activities in the field of awareness of the senior management of emergency situations and civil defense, op- civil defense and protection of the popula- timize table of posts and the structure on tion and territories, subsystems of the Uni- the basis of the GoT Decision of November fied State Emergency Situations Prevention 29, 2017 “On the Committee of Emergen- and Management System, a new 3-storey cy Situations and Civil Defense under the building of the Republican Training and Government of the Republic of Tajikistan” Methodological Centre of the Committee increased the personnel of specialized rap- was constructed and put into operation with id response rescue teams in the regions and the support of the King Salman Foundation districts, as well as a specialized rescue (Saudi Arabia), which meets the necessary team was created in the Zarafshon valley requirements and is fitted out by the state- to conduct timely search and rescue oper- of-the-art modern equipment; ations. Cities and districts emergency situ- –– To improve professional skills, retraining ations and civil defense headquarters have and improvement of skills for introduc- been transformed into departments and tion of the experience of foreign countries divisions of emergency situations in cities in the sphere of prevention, warning and and districts and their tables of posts have liquidation of emergency situations, 113 been increased; employees of the Committee participated in 40 meetings, training courses, seminars,

20 Prevention. Protection. Rescue!

workshops and joint exercises, as well as 24 and CD territorial bodies, major overhaul training courses, seminars and workshops of the Committee's Jaikhun District De- were organized in the country, in which 232 partment building in the Khatlon region has employees have taken part; been carried out; –– To improve professional skills, 25 ca- –– to create non-food reserves for use in the dets and staff of the Committee are being border areas of Afghanistan in case of nat- trained at the Academy of Civil Protection ural disasters, two Aid Centres were built of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the border areas and the construction of and the Combined Arms Academy of the two warehouses for storage of humanitar- Armed Forces of Russia, and 31 cadets - at ian aid for the victims from Afghanistan the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Af- was launched in Levakant city of Khatlon fairs of the Republic of Tajikistan. region and Khorugh city of GBAR within 4. Committee's rescue services capacity the UNDP project and financial assistance building: of the Government of Japan. The stockpiles –– To improve the activity of the Committee will meet the assistance needs of approx- rescue services and their technical capac- imately 1,000 people (155 families) from ity building within the framework of im- Afghanistan. plementation of the signed Agreements and programmatic projects, special rescue equipment and hardware including special engineering and rescue vehicles, communication means, a server, tablets, comput- ers, laptop printers, projectors, surveillance equipment, photo equipment, etc. were do- nated by the Government of Japan, the Peo- ple's Republic of China, other donor countries and international organizations. –– In the Sangwor, Faizobod, Nurobod districts and in the town of Roghun, with the support of the Aga Khan Habitat Agency land plots have been identified and allocated to the Committee for the construction of Temporary Accommodation Centres for victims and evacuees. The construction of the centre in Sangvor district is under com- pletion; –– for the construction of the main building and the training range of the Republican Paramilitary Mountain Rescue Service (RPMRS) in the town of Roghun a land plot of 0.2 hectares has been allocated to the Committee and measures have been taken for the operation of the RPMRS in order to carry out emergency and rescue work in underground facilities. 5. Development of territorial bodies: –– to increase the efficiency of performance and improve working conditions of CoES

21 2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan

IV. MEASURES TO PROTECT THE POPULATION AND THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN FROM EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

4.1. Crisis Management Centre development perspectives

The Crisis Management Centre endowed proper functioning of system software and with the authorities of the Administration (here- technical support; inafter referred to as the CMC) is a part of the –– development of information and electronic Committee's structure and consists of the fol- maps, timely correction of electronic maps to lowing units: support disaster risk prevention and reduction; –– Department of Emergency Control and –– maintenance and development of informa- Dispatch Service; tion databases supporting operation of the –– Information-Analytical Department; decision-making support system; –– Telecommunications and Communication –– monitoring the status of communication Department; nodes, control points and automated warn- –– Programming Department; ing systems, as well as ensuring their sus- –– Technical Support Department. tainability; CMC is a body of daily management of the –– coordinating the activities of duty dispatch Unified State Emergency Situations Prevention services of country ministries and agencies and Management System of the Republic of Ta- on civil protection issues; jikistan and is intended for unifying information –– coordination of activities for the creation, resources and possibilities of functional and development and sustainable operation of territorial subsystems for the purpose of rapid the automated information and management management in crisis and emergency situations. system related to the CMC competence. –– Organization of cooperation, exchange of information and clarification of the current situation with regard to emergency situations (incidents) on a round-the-clock basis between the CIS and CSTO member States CMCs using existing information and communication resources through existing channels and types of communication. In 2019, targeted work was carried out to collect, summarize and enter into the database statistical data on emergency situations and accidents in the Republic of Tajikistan, build the The main tasks of the CMC are: CMC staff and logistical capacity. –– collection, analysis and assessment of data Within the framework of the Committee ini- on the real situation in disaster prevention tiatives with the support of Aga Khan Agency for and management; Habitat an open data exchange platform “Con- –– systemizing and maintenance of a unified trol Centre of spatial data infrastructure” was information database, exchange of infor- created, which provides an accurate and reliable mation on emergencies and accidents using information on risks influencing the country. modern information technologies, includ- The Spatial Data Infrastructure Manage- ing those based on GPS global position- ment Centre, now composed of two governing systems, aerial survey, space imagery, ment agencies, the Committee of Emergency geographic information system, ensuring Situations and the Main Administration of Ge-

22 Prevention. Protection. Rescue! ology, will soon be expanded to include other building for the National Crisis Management government agencies. Centre (hereinafter referred to as NCMC). The Centre has well-trained staff who use Currently, the design and approval of the a comprehensive analytical and mapping tool new NCMC building meeting all modern re- that provides contingency planning, forecast- quirements has been completed. ing and risk mapping. The institutional memory It is planned to equip the NCMC by latest com- serves to maintain knowledge on risk manage- munication and telecommunications equipment, as ment throughout the country. well as mobile command complexes to organize Work is currently underway to complete cer- uninterrupted work in the emergency zone. tain data forms to enter them into the database. To ensure the call of rapid response emer- To build capacity of the CMC staff, the fol- gency services in emergency situations, a single lowing activities were organized and carried short operational number “112” is created and out during the past year: operates in a pilot mode in the Committee. The –– A distance training course on the programme 112 system provides daily information inter- “The Crisis Management Centre staff, struc- action between the management bodies of the ture and operation mode”, with the support Unified State System, subsystems of the repub- of International Civil Defense Organization lican level and emergency services in cases of (ICDO) by the Russian Ministry of Emer- threat or occurrence of emergency situations. gency Situations Institute for Development Today, the 112 system covers the city of of the Academy of Civil Protection; Dushanbe and the surrounding districts. –– a course on using the Arc GIS programme To improve the efficiency of crisis manage- with the support of the United Nations ment activities, it is necessary to introduce and World Food Programme (WFP); ensure uninterrupted operation throughout the Re- –– a course on the use of UAVs (unmanned public of Tajikistan of a Single Short Emergency aerial vehicles), with the support of the Aga Communication Number “112” of the Commit- Khan Agency for Habitat. tee for prompt notification and call of the Unified In 2019, with the World Bank financial State System Emergency Response Services as a support, a project was launched to construct a number of the Emergency Call Support System.

Layout of the National Crisis Management Centre building

23 2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan

4.2. Analysis of emergency situations registered in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2019

During the reporting period, the risks of In the Republic of Tajikistan with a great natural disasters in the Republic of Tajikistan variety of geological, climatic and landscape remained high and tended to increase. conditions, the most prevalent natural hazards Natural disasters cause loss of life, damage are earthquakes, heavy snowfalls, avalanches, to human health and the environment, as well heavy rainfall, mudflows, landslides, rockfalls, as significant material losses. thunder and lightning. In 2019, 3,449 emergency situations and Of the 680 registered natural disasters: av- incidents have been registered in Tajikistan, alanches constitute 445 cases; mudflows – 80; which is 18.2 per cent more than in 2018 rockfalls – 37; water level rise in river (floods) (2,919). In particular: – 32; earthquakes – 25; strong wind – 18; heavy –– 680 emergency situations and natural inci- rains – 17; landslides – 13; heavy snowfalls – 8 dents; cases. –– 2,555 man-caused incidents; In 2019, the number of natural disasters in –– 214 – accidents. Tajikistan quadrupled compared to 2018.

Number of natural disasters in the Republic of Tajikistan

680

700 600 Natural 4 times disasters 500 Casualties 400 300 169 200 17 22 100 0 2018 2019

In 2019, there was a significant increase in The largest number of avalanches was re- the number of avalanches, which constituted corded in GBAR – 67 per cent and in districts 65.4 per cent of the total number of natural di- of republican subordination – 28.5 per cent, as sasters (4.7 per cent – in 2018). a result of which 9 people died: The most frequent cases of avalanches were –– in GBAR – 5 people; observed in Rushon (102) and Ishkoshim (71) –– in Sughd Region – 3 people; districts of GBAR, as well as in Varzob district –– in DRS – 1 person. (101).

24 Prevention. Protection. Rescue!

Number of natural disasters in the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of 2018– 2019

2018 2019 Decrease Increase Types of natural disasters Casu- Casu- Number Number (+/–) alties alties per cent Earthquakes 30 25 –16.7 per cent Avalanches 8 445 9 +55.6 times Landslides 8 13 +62.5 per cent Rock falls 44 4 37 3 –15.9 per cent Strong wind 7 2 18 2 +2.6 times Heavy snowfalls 1 8 +8 times Heavy rainfalls 2 17 +8.5 times Fog 2 5 –2 times Floods 11 32 +2.9 times Thunder and lightning 3 2 1 1 - 3 times Mudflows 48 3 80 7 +66.7 per cent Glaze ice 4 1 2 –2 times Glacier movement 2 + 2 times Wildfire 1 Total: 169 17 680 22 +4 times

Ratio of types of natural disasters in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2018–2019

2018 2019

Earthquakes Avalanches 5% 4% 1% 2% Earthquakes 1% 3% 18% Landslides 1% 2% 1% 1% 6% Rockfalls Mudflows 12% Mudflows 4% 5% Strong wind Rockfalls Heavy snowfalls 5% 5% Heavy rainfalls Mudflows Fog Avalanches 65% 28% Rockfalls Floods 26% Thunder and lightning

25 2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan

Number of avalanches on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2019 by regions 298 300 Avalanches

250 Casualties

200

150 127

100 19 5 50 3 1 1 0 GBAR DRS

Sughd RegionKhatlon Region

Map of avalanches in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2019

No cases From 1 to 25 avalanches

Asht Matchin From 26 to 55 avalanches

B.Gafurov From 56 to 75 avalanches Kanibadam Zafarabad Jabbar Rasulov Isfara Spitamen From 78 to 99 avalanches Istaravshan Isfara More than 100 avalanches

Shakhristan Ganchi

Mountain Matcha Penjikent Lakhsh Ayni Rasht Tajikabad

Varzob Vakhdat Nurabad Sangvor Gissar Roghun Tursunzade Darvaz Shakhrinau Faizabad Baljuvan Rudaki Vanj Nurek Khovaling Murghab Yavan Sovet Muminabad Khorasan Rushan Danghara A.Jami Kulab Sarband Sh.Shokhin Bokhtar Vose Shugnan J.Rumi Moscow Jirghatal Farkhor Shaartuz Kolkhozabad Qabadiyan Qumsangir Panj Roshtqala Nosiri Hisrav

Ishkashim

Miles 1 cm = 11 000 m 0204080 120 160

The share of mudflows in the total number –– Khatlon Region – 2 persons; of natural disasters in 2019 constituted 11.7 per –– Sughd Region – 2 persons; cent, which is 16.7 per cent less than in 2018. –– DRS – 3 persons. As a result of mudflows, 7 people died:

26 Prevention. Protection. Rescue!

The largest number of mud flows was re- were road workers who were clearing road sec- corded in Darvoz district of GBAR – 9 and in tions after avalanches and mudslides. Sangvor district – 15. A total of 22 people died as a result of natural disasters in Tajikistan in 2019, five of whom

Number of mudflows in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2019 by regions 34 35 30 25 20 20 16 15 Mudflows 10 7 3 3 5 2 2 Casualties 0 e DRS region region GBAR Dushanb Sughd Khatlon

Map of mudflows in the Republic of Tajikistan in 2019

No cases From 1 to 3 mudflows

Asht From 3 to 7 mudflows Matchin From 4 to 7 mudflows B.Gafurov Kanibadam From 8 to 11 mudflows Zafarabad Jabbar Rasulov Isfara Spitamen Istaravshan From 11 to 15 mudflows Isfara More than 16 mudflows Shakhristan Ganchi

Mountain Matcha Penjikent Lakhsh Ayni Rasht Tajikabad

Ishkashim 1 cm = 12 000 m 110 000155 000 0 10 000 Metres

27 2019 Overview of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Tajikistan