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Modeling Radiation Heat Transfer for Building's Cooling and Heating Loads

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Modeling Radiation Heat Transfer for Building's Cooling and Heating Loads University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 7-2015 Modeling Radiation Heat Transfer for Building’s Cooling and Heating Loads: Considering the Role of Clear, Cloudy, and Dusty Conditions in Hot and Dry Climates Salem Ahmed Algarni University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Electro-Mechanical Systems Commons, and the Heat Transfer, Combustion Commons Recommended Citation Algarni, Salem Ahmed, "Modeling Radiation Heat Transfer for Building’s Cooling and Heating Loads: Considering the Role of Clear, Cloudy, and Dusty Conditions in Hot and Dry Climates" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 1231. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1231 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Modeling Radiation Heat Transfer for Building’s Cooling and Heating Loads: Considering the Role of Clear, Cloudy, and Dusty Conditions in Hot and Dry Climates Modeling Radiation Heat Transfer for Building’s Cooling and Heating Loads: Considering the Role of Clear, Cloudy, and Dusty Conditions in Hot and Dry Climates A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering by Salem A. Algarni King Khalid University Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering, 2007 Oklahoma State University Master of Science in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2010 July 2015 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. _____________________________________ Dr. Darin W. Nutter Dissertation Director _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Dr. Rick J. Couvillion Dr. Uchechukwu C. Wejinya Committee Member Committee Member _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Dr. Larry A. Roe Dr. Chase E. Rainwater Committee Member Committee Member Abstract The influence of transient factors such as sky long wave radiation exchange and atmospheric aerosols (i.e., smog, and dust – made up of sand, clay, and silt) are not carefully considered in current building design and simulation models. Therefore, the research objective was to better understand and account for such variables, resulting in improved radiative predictive capabilities, especially important for hot and dry climates under different sky conditions including clean, cloudy, and dusty. Overall, results of this dissertation provided a better prediction method for sky long wave radiation exchange with a building’s roof and the impact of dust accumulation on energy use, especially for poorly and uninsulated residential buildings. The two most significant results for this study were (1) a new absorptivity model was introduced in an effort to relate a building’s exterior roof solar and thermal properties (absorptivity, reflectivity, and emissivity) to monthly averaged dust accumulation, and (2) a new dusty sky temperature model was introduced as a function of atmospheric aerosol optical depth to better account for dust impact on sky temperature prediction. Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to praise Allah for providing me with strength and endurance to complete this project. Additionally, I would like to express my appreciation to everyone who provided me with the help to complete this project. One of the most important contributions towards my success was the chair of my committee, Professor Darin Nutter. His guidance and patience as well as providing excellent and stimulating environments were outstanding in my educational development. Though I consider his friendship most endearing, his proficient knowledge and wisdom provided me with motivation and confidence. His dedication to his work and availability to his students are remarkable qualities that proved successful in my journey. Committee members Professors Rick Couvillion, Larry Roe, Uchechukwu Wejinya, and Chase Rainwater were outstanding through my progression. The committees’ valuable collaboration has been a helpful asset and contribution in the overall project. Thanks to my home university, King Khalid University, for the financial support. The study would not have existed without their support. Thanks to all my friends and people of the Islamic Society of North West Arkansas for advice, suggestions, and the good times that we had together. I would like to express the deepest gratitude to my parents and family back home whom always are offering me unconditional love and unlimited support. Last, but certainly not least, special thanks to my wife for her support throughout the entire journey: her encouragement, sacrificing, and understanding. Dedication To my wife, son and daughter. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Building characteristics .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Sky long wave radiation models .................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Clouds and dust storms impact in hot-dry climates ....................................................................... 4 1.4. Influence of dust accumulation ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5. References ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Geospatial Representation of the Residential Energy Use in Saudi Arabia ......................................... 7 2.1. Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 11 2.4. Building description ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.5. Results, validation, and analysis .................................................................................................. 18 2.6. Summary and conclusions ............................................................................................................ 26 2.7. References .................................................................................................................................... 26 3. Survey of Sky Effective Temperature Models Applicable to Building Envelope Radiant Heat Transfer ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 3.1. Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 29 3.2. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 29 3.3. Heat transfer mechanisms within building horizontal surfaces .................................................... 32 3.4. Sky temperature models classifications ..................................................................................... 35 3.5. Sky Temperature models variations ............................................................................................. 47 3.6. Climate’s effect on sky models prediction ................................................................................... 53 3.7. Sky cooling load variations .......................................................................................................... 58 3.8. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 60 3.9. References .................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix 1: Nomenclature of Chapter 3 ................................................................................................... 65 4. Effect of Clouds and Dust Storms on the Sky Radiation Exchange for Buildings Located in Hot-Dry Climates ...................................................................................................................................................... 66 4.1. Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 66 4.2. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 67 4.3. Problem formulation and computational procedures ................................................................... 70 4.4. Roof description and thermal properties ..................................................................................... 72 4.5. ASHRAE clear sky models .........................................................................................................
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