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METISS Project Was Initiated in 2015 4 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND ALTERNATIVES 4.1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION & PRESS RELEASE The METISS project was initiated in 2015. It is a submarine cable system running from Mauritius to South Africa through Reunion and Madagascar. METISS members foresee a huge demand for data services in the Indian Ocean islands and seek to secure their capacity needs in terms of IP transit, cloud access and Content Delivery Network/peering access in South Africa either through a carrier neutral data centre or via onwards cables on the east and west coast of Africa. The landing of the cable in South Africa is of strategic interest to the consortium. South Africa is becoming a major ICT Hub in the region it is expected that around 80% of the content and IP Transit will be purchased in South Africa instead of buying same from Europe. The objectives of South Africa landing are: a landing point that ensures trouble-free operations from hazards both at the wet segment and land cable segment; redundant architecture that is robust against damages to the land cable; accessibility and relatively fast time-to repair; the METISS Point Of Presence (POP) would enable its members to access IP transit and other carrier services from multiple providers in an open competitive environment including backhaul to other submarine cables in South Africa. In a nutshell, the purpose of this cable system is to provide adequate capacity for connectivity between the countries and in South Africa. It also a necessity since the existing SAFE cable system will reach end of life in less than 5 years. The METISS cable is an unprecedented project in many ways: first, it is a project that federates operators who could have kept to the competitive logic of the sector; secondly, it is an open and shared infrastructure that offers new alternatives to Internet service providers; finally, it is a typical Indian Ocean initiative that will connect the region to the high international bandwidth. 4.2 ALTERNATIVES The project has been assessed in terms of the following alternatives: Alternatives for the location of the beach landing of the submarine cable in Mauritius. Alternatives for the routing of the cable for the beach manhole, across the lagoon and to the open sea. Alternatives to the methodology for laying of the cable. 4.2.1 LOCATION OF THE BEACH LANDFALL IN MAURITIUS Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks (ASN) has commissioned Elettra Tlc to provide a Cable Route Survey (CRS) describing the METISS Submarine Cable System in the eastern part of Africa. Elettra Tlc has appointed GeoTeam srl to provide support for this activity. The marine cable landing site visits were undertaken by Emtel / CEB Fibernet, Alcatel and GeoTeam personnel between Monday 4th February and Friday 9th February 2018. The recommended landfall was Le Goulet Beach, Baie du Tombeau where Mauritius which is also the LION undersea cable landing point. EMTEL Ltd. 4-1 March 2019 METISS Submarine Cable – Mauritius Landing As Le Goulet beach in Baie du Tombeau is a well-established cable landing point with a non-anchoring zone to protect against damages by ship’s anchors, no secondary option was researched. The original Landing Point (LP) and Beach Man Hole (BMH) location selected to the northern part of the Bay was found to potentially cause a shallow water crossing with the existing LION cable due to the existing cable’s orientation of lay. Therefore, alternate BMH and LP positions were assessed. The METISS cable also needs to be planned outside the Port Louis port limits, which terminate in the Baie du Tombeau. These restrictions defined the northern and southern limits of the METISS cable at this landing point as shown below. Figure 4-1: METISS cable Landing Point at Le Goulet The landing point retained at Le Goulet beach is located in the central part of the Baie du Tombeau which is at the end of a single-track metalled road known as Le Goulet Road. The BMH location is at the back of the beach and adjacent to the road which runs parallel to the beach. Front haul to the CEB Fibernet and Emtel sites were assessed. Distances from the proposed BMH location to the two Terminal Stations (Emtel Data Centre and CEB Fibernet facility) are tabulated below: BMH Location Distance Construction status EMTEL Arsenal 3.94km Built ducting CEB Fibernet 4.77km Requires ducting EMTEL Ltd. 4-2 March 2019 METISS Submarine Cable – Mauritius Landing 4.2.2 ROUTING OF THE CABLE FOR THE BEACH MANHOLE, ACROSS THE LAGOON AND TO THE OPEN SEA Following the Cable Route Survey, the alignment of the submarine routing for the METISS system was proposed between Le Goulet, Mauritius and Le Port, Reunion. The marine surveys undertaken in June 2018 has enabled the optimisation of the route taking into account the environmental aspects and minimising crossing with other cable systems such as LION and SAFE. 4.2.3 METHODOLOGY FOR THE LAYING OF THE CABLE The Marine Survey undertaken in June 2018 has enabled the optimisation of the methodology for the cable laying, also taking into account the environmental aspects. The methodology adopted will be as followed: Cable will be buried over 1450m from the beach manhole. The depth will be 2m from the BMH to low water mark (LWM) position and 1m below the seabed (sediment cover permitting) from LWM to KP 1450m. Articulated pipe will be used up to 8m water depth In terms of installation technology alternatives, two options for the installation of the cable at the shoreline have been considered: Option 1: Trenching (preferred) This method of installation of subsea cable entails digging a trench in the ground to install cables underground. When the installation of the cable is completed, the trench is backfilled with the excavated material, and disturbed ground is returned to its original state, as possible. Option 2: Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) HDD is a trenchless, boring method for installing underground cables, pipes and conduits in a shallow curve along a prescribed bore path with the use of a surface-launched rig/machine, which minimises the disruption of the surrounding area. The cost of HDD is determined by the diameter and length of the product to be installed as well as the ground conditions and site risks. This is a complex and costly method compared to trenching, but also no such HDD machine is available in Mauritius Therefore, the only option is to use conventional trenching for the installation of the cable at the shoreline. The cable laying methodology is further described in chapter 5 hereafter. EMTEL Ltd. 4-3 March 2019 METISS Submarine Cable – Mauritius Landing 4.2.4 NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE The METISS cable will provide high speed connectivity to the global network. Broadband traffic is growing rapidly due to the demand for new uses like cloud computing and video streaming. Furthermore, the demand for new connectivity reflects an end-user and business environment in which high speed connectivity is needed for sustainable growth and development. If this cable is not realised, Mauritius will be dependent on only one submarine cable, namely LION, after the end of life of SAFE cable in next 5 years. This will significantly restrict the digital growth of Mauritius, which would be against the national interest and government policy decision. Also, it will provide a redundant route in case of any other cables being cut, as experienced during on SAFE in 2017 and on LION/LION2 cable end 2018 which affected significantly telecommunication services in Mauritius. EMTEL Ltd. 4-4 March 2019 METISS Submarine Cable – Mauritius Landing .
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