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Balcanes: Procesos Históricos Y Desafíos Actuales D. M. Morfakidis Motos - J. Á. Ruiz Jiménez (eds.) BALCANES: PROCESOS HISTÓRICOS Y DESAFÍOS ACTUALES Centro de Estudios Bizantinos, Neogriegos y Chipriotas Granada D. M. Morfakidis Motos - J. Á. Ruiz Jiménez (eds.) BALCANES. PROCESOS HISTÓRICOS Y DESAFÍOS ACTUALES GRANADA 2017 Centro de Estudios Bizantinos, Neogriegos y Chipriotas BALCANES. PROCESOS HISTÓRICOS Y DESAFÍOS ACTUALES Tomos colectivos Directores Moschos Morfakidis Filactós y Encarnación Motos Guirao Comité Científico Minerva Alganza Roldán, Aurora López López, Μaría José Osorio Pérez, Andrés Pociña Pérez, Penélope Stavrianopulu DATOS DE PUBLICACIÓN Balcanes: procesos históricos y desafíos actuales . Editores: D. M. Morfakidis Motos - J. Á. Ruiz Jiménez pp. 340 1. Historia de los Balcanes 2. Historia contemporánea del Sudeste Europeo © Centro de Estudios Bizantinos, Neogriegos y Chipriotas C/Gran Vía, 9-2ºA, 18001 Granada Telf. y Fax: (+34) 958 22 08 74 Primera edición 2017 ISBN: 978-84-95905-83-3 Depósito Legal: GR 873-2017 Edición técnica: Jorge Lemus Pérez Impreso en España - Printed in Spain Reservados todos los derechos. Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de la presente obra sin la preceptiva autorización. Índice Juan Cristóbal Gay Armenteros: Los Balcanes como problema Prólogohistórico / The Balkans As a Historical Problem ......................................... 11 José Ángel Ruiz Jiménez: Balcanes. Procesos históricos y desafíos Introducciónactuales / Balkans. Historical Processes and Present Challenges ........ 17 Cap. I.- Víctor Morales Lezcano: Apuntes sobre algunos precur- I. Lossores Balcanes españoles en del el sigloviaje aXIX Turquía / Notes On Some Spanish Precursors of the Voyage to Turkey .................................................................. 23 Cap. II. Dimitris Miguel Morfakidis Motos: La Cuestión de Oriente en la polémica pública mantenida entre Fermín Caballero y Sebastián de Miñano / The Eastern Question in the Public Polemic Maintained Between Fermín Caballero and Sebastián de Miñano ................................................................................................................... 31 Cap. III. Matilde Morcillo Rosillo: La Cuestión balcánica en las fuentes españolas (1885-1913) / The Balkanmatter in Spanish Sources (1885-1913) .............................................................................................. 77 Cap. IV. Loukianos Hassiotis: La Grecia Ocupada vista por agentes II. Aportacionesbritánicos, 1941-44 historiográficas / Occupied Greece Through the Eyes of the British Agents, 1941-44 ......................................................................................... 93 The Greek Minority of Northern Epirus / Η ελληνική μειονότητα της βόρειου Ηπείρου .......................... 113 Cap. V.VI. Ioannis José Soto S. Papafloratos: Chica: Desastre y modelo. La guerra greco- turca de 1919-1922 y su influencia en los conflictos europeos del período de entreguerras / Disaster and Model. The Greco- Turkish War of 1919-1922 and Its Influence in the European Conflicts of the Interwar Period ...................................................................... 139 9 Cap. VII.- José Ángel Ruiz Jiménez: ¿Hacia dónde van Serbia y III. Bosnia-Herzegovina?Espacios de crisis Claves de una transición interminable / Where Are Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina Going? Keys of an Never-Ending Transition .................................................................................... 171 Cap. VIII.- Francisco Veiga Rodríguez: “Bosnia-Grecia-Ucrania”: continuidad y discontinuidad de una cadena de crisis, 1992- 2015” / “Bosnia-Greece-Ukraine”: Continuity and Discontinuity After a Series of Crises, 1992-2015 ................................................................ 185 La dimensión balcánica de la cuestión armenia (1856-1914) / The Balkan Dimension of the Cap.Armenian IX.- Ioannis Question K. Hassiotis: (1856-1914) .................................................................... 197 Macedonia: Fantasmas de un pasado reciente / Macedonia: Ghosts from a Recent Past .................... 217 Cap. X.- Diego Checa Hidalgo: Η Αριστερά αντιμέτωπη με IV. Desafiosτις εξελίξεις actuales και το μέλλον της προόδου. Η περίπτωση της Cap.Αριστεράς XI.- Georgios της νότιαςD. Contogeorgis: Ευρώπης και ειδικότερα του ΣΥΡΙΖΑ / The Left before the Events and the Future of Progress. The Case of the Southern Left of Europe and Especially of SYRIZA ..................... 237 The “Return” of the Balkans to Europe: Rewriting Balkan History after 1989 / Η επιστροφή Cap.των XII.- Βαλκανίων Christina στην Koulouri: Ευρώπη: Ξαναγράφοντας τη Βαλκανική Ιστορία μετά το 1989 ........................................................................................... 287 Luchando contra el “inat” o entender a la sociedad serbia en el desorden global: UE-Rusia, Cap.OTAN XIII.- y Miguel Kosovo Rodríguez / Fighting Andreu: Against “inat” or Understanding Serbian Society in the Global Disorder: EU-Russia, NATO and Kosovo ........................................................................................................................... 299 Postwar Balkans: Moderniza- tion in a Secondary Front of the Cold War / Τα μεταπολεμικά Cap.Βαλκάνια: XIV.- Evanthis εκσυγχρονισμός Hatzivassiliou: σε ένα δευτερεύον ψυχροπολεμικό μέτωπο ...................................................................................................................... 319 Los editores: Dimitris Miguel Morfakidis Motos - José Angel Ruiz Jiménez 10 Prólogo Los Balcanes como problema histórico The Balkans As a Historical Problem Juan Cristóbal Gay Armenteros Naturalmente se trata de unas líneas generales y una clara puntuali- “problemazación: una histórico” visión de loslo restrinjo Balcanes cuidadosamente desde el otro extremo, a mi área es decir de conoci desde- el Oeste del Mediterráneo. Y una especificación más, esto que he llamado miento, o si se quiere, a mi conocimiento más específico. en tierraAdemás de nollegada podría de continuar paso y dolor sin para una lamención más grande a nuestros migración días, conoci ya que- dajunto desde a los la temas Segunda históricos Guerra yMundial. económicos, los Balcanes se han convertido a) El retroceso turco y el nacimiento de los Estados balcánicos. La situación política en estos territorios es movediza en el siglo XIX. Esta península, a la vez masiva y compartimentada, pero que a diferencia de la Ibérica, carece de una meseta central, escapa poco a poco al yugo otomano. Aquí casi podemos hablar de otra “reconquista” cristiana; pero la disgregación suceda a la unidad y las potencias europeas intervienen:- la cuestión de Oriente es la herencia del “hombre enfermo”, es el descenso ruso hacia Constantinopla y los Estrechos, es el deseo británico de conte ner este avance, es la presión germano-magiar que se ejerce a su vez hacia enel Bajo su afán Danubio, de independencia el mar Egeo, buscan y las salidas igualmente del Adriático. encontrar Juego el apoyo complejo, en el a favor del cual los turcos esperan mantenerse allí mientras los pueblos extranjero, de modo que la formación de los Estados no progresa más que- a saltos, al azar de la peripecia de la política europea. Europa impuso al Sultán, a principios de siglo, la existencia de un esta do griego. Precedente que no será olvidado. Pero la Grecia de 1829, muy- pobre, “estéril y desnuda”, al menos así la ve Lamartine en 1832, con un poco más que el Peloponeso y las Cícladas, se agita o debate entre la in * Universidad de Granada - University of Granada. 11 Prólogo - fluencia rusa y la inglesa. Al cabo obtendrá de Inglaterra las islas Jónicas, cuentaluego logrará de la debilidad extenderse de losen Tesaliamedios y para soñará alcanzarlo. en Creta, Epiro, en Macedo nia y hasta las riberas asiáticas del Egeo: irredentismo vigoroso habida- sa en sabiduría. Atenas pasa de 15.000 habitantes a más de 100.000. Pero Existe el sufragio universal y una sed de recuperar una historia glorio la pobreza económica es indudable, del que se sale parcialmente por el loscomercio. partidos. Europa Se habló le dará incluso por depríncipes un milagro primero helénico. a un bávaro y luego a un danés, estimando que estos extranjeros podían colocarse por encima de- - Grecia, pequeña península dentro de la balcánica, seguida de su cor comotejo de continentales islas, se siente y francamente plenamente orientales. mediterránea. Las otras jóvenes na ciones, que tratan de fijar sus inciertos límites, aparecen por el contrario - Algún viajero anónimo italiano le dio el nombre de Montenegro , un- nido de águilas, por seguir su descripción, con una sola carretera practi cable, que se elevaba hasta el principado teocrático y patriarcal de los Pe trovich Nieguch y de sus 250.000 pastores. Casi nada en el mapa, pero sí uno de los reductos del servismo, desde que Servia sucumbió en el campo- de batalla de Kosovo. Esta Servia renace lentamente por el valle del Morava hacia Mace serbiodonia. Milochtrabajará Obrenovitch con paciencia se declaró para desembarazarse jefe supremo de del la naciónprotectorado servia desalojando a los jenízaros de la fortaleza de Belgrado. El principado turco, pero sus resultados serán mediocres, no logra desembocar en los valles de Macedonia, ni unirse a su hermano montenegrino. Los turcos Rusiaconservaban abandona todavía por un los momento pasos que y caevan bajo de Tracia la tutela a la económica costa albanesa del Im y- a Bosnia. Esta última escapa en 1878 del joven estado sudeslavo, que perio Austro-Húngaro. El reino de los Obrenovitch, privado de accesos
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