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Transatlantic Relations: A European Perspective The Regent’s Report 2014 2 Transatlantic Relations: A European Perspective The Regent’s Report 2014 © Regent’s University London. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission of the publishers. The Regent’s report (Print) ISSN 2057-1429 The Regent’s report (Online) ISSN 2057-1437 First published in Great Britain in 2014 by Regent’s University London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4NS Printed by Belmont Press Typeset in Baskerville / Gill Sans Produced by External Relations at Regent’s University London The information in this publication is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation, neither the authors nor Regent’s University London shall have any direct liability to any person or organisation with respect to loss or damage caused or allegedly caused by use of the information provided. For more information please contact [email protected] Errata: Any corrections of amendments made after publication can be found at regents.ac.uk/europereport/errata 4 Preface Professor Aldwyn Cooper Vice Chancellor, Regent’s University London “Covers a lot of ground with its contributors presenting a number of compelling arguments across a range of themes which sit at the heart of the transatlantic relationship” Aldwyn Cooper 5 As a truly international university committed to equipping all of our students with an international perspective, Regent’s strives to contribute to current debates and topical issues. Our annual Regent’s Report is designed to address global challenges and stimulate debate within and beyond the academic community. This year’s report focuses on the relationship between the European Union and the United States of America. It covers a lot of ground and the contributors present a number of compelling arguments across a range of themes that sit at the heart of the transatlantic relationship. This relationship has an impact on all our lives and will shape the lives of future generations too. With new global powers emerging there are important decisions to be made around how the relationship will evolve. While the bond as trading partners is particularly topical, this Report steps further afield and considers a number of topics from security concerns and economic cooperation to human rights and education. This year’s theme stems from Regent’s own strong transatlantic relationship. We are one of the largest providers of American degrees in the UK and have partnerships with nearly 70 universities in America. Every year we welcome many undergraduate and postgraduate students from across the Atlantic to Regent’s as well as those who join us on study-abroad programmes for a single term. Our European credentials are equally strong – over a third of our students at Regent’s are from across the European Union (EU) and we have a thriving European Business School. Regent’s Institute of Contemporary European Studies also organises a network of activities including the annual Europe in the World Lecture, which is a major event in the Regent’s calendar. Our reputation for contributing to European debates is well founded. Last year’s Regent’s Report, The UK and Europe: Costs, Benefits, Options, was particularly timely as the UK continues to consider its role in Europe and a referendum on EU membership looms ever closer. It was referred to during debates in the House of Lords and reported in the mainstream media. This Report is a worthy successor, with eminent contributors from the worlds of business, government and academia. Many of those who have written chapters enjoy strong connections with the University as either former staff or members of the Senior European Experts Group and the Ad Hoc Council, which convene regularly to discuss and debate European affairs. The chapters are all written by leading experts who present their own views but draw upon robust research and experience. Regent’s University London is grateful to them for their considerable contributions. I hope that you find this Report insightful and that it informs your thinking over the coming years. Professor Aldwyn Cooper Vice Chancellor Regent’s University London 6 Foreword Herman Van Rompuy President of the European Council and former Prime Minister of Belgium “A timely and wide-ranging picture of transatlantic relations as seen from Europe” Herman Van Rompuy 7 The last few years have been trying times for both Europe and the United States. We are now moving steadily out of the economic and financial difficulties of recent years but still face serious challenges in many respects. Whether on job creation, global security challenges, energy or climate change, it is my firm belief that strong and effective transatlantic relations are essential for both the European Union (EU) and the United States’ ability to address these issues effectively. A timely and wide-ranging picture of transatlantic relations as seen from Europe, and it spotlights some of the key political, economic and social issues that concern European and American citizens today. With the end of the Cold War, transatlantic relations entered a new phase and today, while strong and established, EU-US relations are in transition, reflecting global shifts at play but based as always on shared values. Regardless of the rise of emerging economies, today nothing is larger or more dynamic than the transatlantic economy. But we can go further. The ongoing efforts to reach agreement on a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership not only reflect a determination to strengthen our way of life but also represent a vote of confidence in the strategic importance of the transatlantic relationship. Security concerns have always been at the heart of transatlantic relations, but over the last year developments in Ukraine have again brought this dimension visibly to the fore. Clearly, the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) remains vital for both Europe and the United States. However, it is important to underline that, individually and jointly as a union, EU member states are also developing their security and defence capabilities and cooperating increasingly in this domain with the United States and with NATO in Europe, Africa and elsewhere. Our partnership is a truly strategic one, in which we work together at every level to address shared challenges to peace and prosperity. With the innovations of the Lisbon Treaty – including the establishment of a European External Action Service and the development of an effective diplomatic network of EU delegations around the world – the EU is a stronger partner than ever for the United States. This report takes up these and many other key questions. I congratulate the editors and the authors for this valuable contribution to our understanding of Europe’s special relationship with the United States. Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council and former Prime Minister of Belgium 8 Transatlantic Relations: A European Perspective Page 4 › Preface Professor Aldwyn Cooper,Vice Chancellor, Regent’s University London Page 6 › Foreword Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council and former Prime Minister of Belgium Page 10 › Editors’ Introduction Professor John Drew, Chancellor, Regent’s University London. Professor of European Business and Management and Director, Institute of Contemporary European Studies, and Dr Martyn Bond, Senior Honorary Fellow of Regent’s University London Page 14 › How Europe and the US Have Handled Post-Soviet Russia and its Sphere Sir Anthony Brenton, Former UK Ambassador to the Russian Federation Page 22 › NATO: The Challenges of Being Back in Business Dr Jamie Shea, Deputy Assistant Secretary General, Emerging Security Challenges, NATO Page 32 › The EU and the US – Global Trade or Regional Blocs? Dr Nicholas Bowen, President of the Chartered Institute of Linguists and Former Principal Lecturer in International Business, European Business School, Regent’s University London Page 40 › The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: TTIP Sanford Henry, Former Visiting Fellow in the Americas Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House Page 48 › Transatlantic Financial Services Regulation John Cooke, Member of the Senior European Experts and Chairman of The City UK’s Liberalisation of Trade in Services Committee, and David Green, Former Adviser on North American Affairs and Head of the European Division of the Bank of England, Subsequently Head of International Policy at the Financial Services Authority Page 56 › Euro Versus the US Dollar Vicky Pryce, Chief Economic Adviser at the Centre for Economics and Business Research, Former Joint Head of the UK Government’s Economic Service Page 64 › The International Role of the EU in Multilateral Fora Lord Hannay of Chiswick, Former UK Ambassador to the European Union and to the United Nations 9 Page 72 › Approaches to Migration Both in Europe and in the United States Nick Kent, Director of Research, British Influence and Adviser to the Senior European Experts Page 80 › Energy Security on Both Sides of the Atlantic: One Concept – Different Meanings Cornelia Meyer, Senior Honorary Fellow of Regent’s University London, Chairman, MRL Corporation and Independent Energy Expert Page 88 › A Clash of Cultures? Differences of Approach to Privacy in Europe and the US William Long, Sidley Austin LLP, European Advisory Board Member of the International Association of Privacy Professionals, and Tim Cowen, Sidley Austin LLP, Former General Counsel, BT Global Services Page 98 › The Alarming Situation of Press Freedom in Europe Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights Page 104 › The First Amendment: Strongly Protected Free Speech But Dangerously Closed Ears Hal W. Fuson Jr, Editor, Media Lawyer and Newspaper Executive Page 110 › The Hand that Rocks the Cradle: Women’s Liberation from Traditional Roles in the United States and Europe Inge Relph, Senior Policy Adviser for The Elders, Former Chair of the London Chamber of Commerce Women in Business Group Page 118 › Secondary and Higher Education Systems in Europe and the United States Robert A.
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