DOCSLIB.ORG

Thrift, Saving and Luxury in Canada During the First World War

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thrift, Saving and Luxury in Canada During the First World War From Spenders to Savers: Thrift, Saving and Luxury in Canada during the First World War By Madeleine Kloske Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in History Department of History Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Madeleine Kloske, Ottawa, Canada, 2017 ii Abstract: “From Spenders to Savers: Thrift, Saving, and Luxury in Canada during the First World War” Author: Madeleine Kloske Supervisor: Heather Murray 2017 This thesis focuses on wartime thrift and patriotic consumer campaigns as central features of the Canadian home front experience during the First World War. Using records from government officials, federal departments, and volunteer service organizations, as well as examples from newspapers, magazines, and other wartime publications, this study explores the ways in which wartime standards of acceptable consumption and patriotic spending and saving were developed, challenged and negotiated. It traces a shift in sensibilities from a spending to saving ethos through the lens of the Business as Usual and Made in Canada campaigns which, by mid-war, gave way to the thrift and food conservation campaigns. Notions of wartime patriotism demanded that every Canadian “do their bit”; thus, public participation in wartime thrift and saving was encouraged through widespread organized campaigns and enforced through informal surveillance networks. This study argues that wartime calls for thrift and sacrifice, meant to support a national project aimed at ensuring victory, were undermined by an apparent and persistent inequality; many Canadians perceived wartime policies as protective of the wealthy and business-owning minority at the expense of the working and agricultural majority. Moreover, as the war continued, it became clear that some Canadians refused to “do their bit” and continued to make unpatriotic consumer choices; this gave rise to an outspoken anti-luxury and anti-wealth movement. This study further argues that wartime scrutiny of individual choices, as viewed through the lens of wartime spending and saving, revealed a iii great concern over the moral integrity of Canada and its citizens. Many Canadians viewed the war as an opportunity to revisit and instill those moral habits of thrift and self-sacrifice that appeared to be startlingly absent from the current generation – an absence they blamed on both the perils of modern consumerism and the general ineptitude and selfishness of the masses. Thus, the government, in collaboration with large service organizations, launched a national project of social engineering aimed at instilling Canadians with a proper sense of thrift and saving that would not only aid in the war effort but could be carried forth into the postwar world. As such, this thesis illuminates the tensions between the individualism inherent in modern capitalism and the communalism demanded by wartime patriotism. While the market became subordinate to the government and the widespread spirit of self- sacrifice, federal officials and patriotic proponents struggled to rein in the overwhelming desire of Canadians to participate in the market economy unfettered by the moral restraints of wartime. iv Acknowledgements I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the many people who assisted in the completion of this thesis. My research would not have been possible without the financial support of the University of Ottawa and the Ontario Graduate Scholarship. I would like to extend a sincere thank you to my supervisor, Professor Heather Murray, who has been a constant source of support and guidance. Her enthusiasm for my research was unwavering and her intellectual energy was (and is) contagious. When I decided to switch to part-time enrollment and pursue a career in the public service, Heather’s unwavering support helped ease the transition and at the same time ensure that I never lost the motivation to finish my dissertation or the desire to engage with academia. For this, I am truly grateful. A special thank you is also due to Professor Jeffrey Keshen who acted as my MA supervisor and who gave valuable encouragement and advice in the development of a research plan during the formative stages of this dissertation. To complete my research, I visited several libraries and archives. I would like to offer a sincere thank you to the staff at Library and Archives Canada for their frequent and kind assistance in locating some more obscure sources. I would also like to thank the team at the University of Ottawa’s Morisset Library who worked tirelessly to secure hundreds of microfilm reels from across the country via interlibrary loan. v I would also like to extend thanks to everyone at the Department of History at the University of Ottawa. The faculty and staff provided endless support during my time there. In particular, I would like to thank Suzanne Dalrymple and Manon Bouladier-Major who work tirelessly to provide support to graduate students and make sure things happen when they are supposed to. During the course of my studies, I formed meaningful friendships with many of my colleagues. Special thanks is due to Katie Simanzik and Whitney Sherwood. Over the past years, my sanity has remained intact due in large part to the numerous coffee dates, weekend visits, reality checks, and long conversations that I shared with each of them. I am lucky enough to count them both among my closest friends. I would also like to thank Andrew Gaeiro, Aaron Boyes, Dan Pellerin and Sean Graham. Thank you to everyone for the outstanding support network. This graduate student community played a crucial role in the completion of this dissertation. My parents, Beth, Chuck, Mark, and Karen, have always supported my love of reading and thirst for knowledge from a young age. Their support and encouragement gave me the skills and confidence to follow my dreams. I may be far away in geography but never in heart. Thanks must also be given to my brother Mike who provided many a good laugh over the years. vi Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: “Hold these sharks back”: Financial Crisis and Moratorium, 1913-1914 ...... 13 Economic Recession of 1913 ........................................................................................ 15 The Early Wartime Economy ....................................................................................... 21 The Moratorium Question............................................................................................. 26 Western Farmers ........................................................................................................... 38 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 2: “Keep the lifeblood of the nation moving”: Patriotic Consumer Campaigns, 1914-1916 ......................................................................................................................... 47 Business as Usual .......................................................................................................... 51 Made in Canada ............................................................................................................ 54 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 73 Chapter 3 “Give until it hurts”: Thrift and Economy in Wartime, 1916-1918 ................. 76 Defining Thrift .............................................................................................................. 82 Conservation in the Forecast ......................................................................................... 85 A Thriftless People ....................................................................................................... 90 War Loans and Government Thrift, 1914-1917 ......................................................... 100 Public Response .......................................................................................................... 112 Popular Thrift Campaign, 1916-1918 ......................................................................... 123 Children and War Thrift.............................................................................................. 131 Women, Thrift, and Civic Reciprocity ....................................................................... 133 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 136 Chapter 4 ‘We are saving you – You save food’: wartime food control, conservation and economy .......................................................................................................................... 138 Wartime Food Prices................................................................................................... 141 Food Control ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • KS2/Secondary School/S1-3 Topic- the Shell Crisis
    The First World War 1914-1918 Age- KS2/Secondary School/S1-3 Topic- The Shell Crisis The Shell Crisis of 1915 revealed that British troops on the Western Front in France did not have enough high explosive shells to use as ammunition against the heavily fortified German trenches. On the Western Front in France and Belgium, British soldiers were dying in their thousands because they were being shot down, after getting stuck in barbed wire during major offensives against German trenches. After heavy casualties were inflicted at The Battle of Aubers Ridge, a headline appeared in The Times Newspaper on 14 May 1915 condemning the lack of high explosive shells and the waste of life. Something had to be done. In response, The Ministry of Munitions decided to build HM Gretna, ‘The greatest factory on earth’ to mass produce the RDB Cordite for use in high explosive shells which were desperately needed at the front. Lloyd George was made Minister of Munitions in a new department created to solve the munitions crisis Headline from the Times newspaper on 14th May 1915 Empty shells The First World War 1914-1918 Age- KS2/Secondary School/S1-3 Topic- The Shell Crisis Over 10,000 labourers built HM Factory Gretna. Most were Irish navvies. The factory stretched for 9 miles across the Anglo- Scottish Border. This area on the Scottish Border was ideal as there was a large isolated area of farm land and marsh land. It had excellent rail links and water supply and was shielded by the Cumbrian fells and Scottish hillside.
    [Show full text]
  • Sept 2006 Newsletter
    “Roond Aboot Birsay” News for and by the people of Birsay September 2006 Issue 29 Editorial Well, that’s the summer gone once more so it must be time for the autumn issue of your favourite newsletter. The best thing about it is that even if it is rubbish, it is free rubbish. This year marks the 90th anniversary of the sinking of the HMS Hampshire and the death of Lord Kitchener and Robbie Gaudie has very kindly contributed a project done by Erica Kemp, one of his grand daughters , for which she received a “Highly Commended” certificate in the Orkney Heritage Society Fereday Prize for Local Studies. Thanks to Robbie for contributing this most topical article and also thanks as ever to everyone else who contributed. Johnny Johnston - Still Editor since no-one else wants the job. Birsay Community Council I’ve just been having a look at the last issue to see what progress has been made on the things I wrote about then and very little seems to have happened in many cases. For example, we still do not have new toilets in Dounby neither do we have the new bowling green. Still, these things take time so we will wait and see, as we are well used with doing. Neither do we have a new Orkney flag, although I believe people have been sending in their preferred designs. I suppose you could add to the list the new Air Ambulance Service, since it does not seem to be a resounding success except, perhaps, in the eyes of those at the head of it.
    [Show full text]
  • World War I Battlefield Artillery Tactics
    World War I Battlefield Artillery Tactics DALE CLARKE ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com &MJUFt World War I Battlefield Artillery Tactics DALE CLARKE ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS Series editor Martin Windrow © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 5IFCJSUIPGUIFAEFFQCBUUMF EQUIPMENT & TACTICS, c.1900–1914 5 -POHFSSBOHF OFXFYQMPTJWFTBOEQSPQFMMBOUT JOEJSFDUGJSF 2VJDLGJSJOHGJFMEHVOTUIFA'SFODI BNNVOJUJPODPOTVNQUJPO 'JFMEIPXJU[FST 4JFHFBSUJMMFSZ )FBWZGJFMEBSUJMMFSZ DOCTRINE ON THE EVE OF WAR 9 5IFAFODPVOUFSCBUUMF *OUFSBSNDPPQFSBUJPO 3BOHFWTDPNNVOJDBUJPOT &RVJQNFOU 1914: MANOEUVRE WARFARE ON THE WESTERN FRONT 14 5IF#BUUMFPGUIF'SPOUJFST7JSUPO&UIF .POT 5IFSFUSFBUGSPN.POT 1915: STALEMATE, INVENTION & EXPANSION 22 1PTJUJPOBMXBSGBSF 3FUVSOPGUIFNPSUBS /FVWF$IBQFMMF BOEUIFA4IFMM$SJTJT 4UPSNUSPPQFST BOEJOGBOUSZHVOT 5IF)BSUNBOTXFJMFSLPQG 1916: THE WAR OF ATTRITION 28 7FSEVOUIFLJMMJOHGJFME TIFASPMMJOHCBSSBHF 4VSWFZBSUJMMFSZTDJFODFNBQToGMBTITQPUUJOHo TPVOESBOHJOH 5IF4PNNF5IFQSFQBSBUPSZCPNCBSENFOUo+VMZUIFADSFFQJOH CBSSBHF $PVOUFSCBUUFSZGJSF +VMZ(JODIZ1P[JÒSFT3JEHF -FBSOJOHGSPNEJTBTUFS THE EASTERN FRONT 47 5IF3VTTJBOBOE"VTUSP)VOHBSJBOBSNJFT 0QFOJOHDBNQBJHOT 5PCPMZ UIF#SVDINàMMFS NFUIPE 3JHBA)VUJFSUBDUJDT 1917: THE WESTERN FRONT 54 8JUIESBXBMUPUIF)JOEFOCVSH-JOF Arras 5IF/JWFMMF0GGFOTJWF .FTTJOFT Third Ypres 1BTTDIFOEBFMF $BNCSBJ 1918: ENDGAME ON THE WESTERN FRONT 61 The Kaiserschlacht "NJFOT BOEBGUFS CONCLUSIONS 63 INDEX 64 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com
    [Show full text]
  • Devon in the First World War, 1914-1918
    DEVON IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR WAR AND THE HOME FRONT: DEVON IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR, 1914-1918 By BONNIE WHITE, B.A. Hons., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for the Degree Doctor ofPhilosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Bonnie White, October 2008 ii DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2008) McMaster University (History) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: War and the Home Front: Devon in the First World War AUTHOR: Bonnie White, B.A. Hons. (Saint Mary's University), MA. (University of New Brunswick SUPERVISOR(S): Dr. Stephen Heathom, Dr. Martin Hom NUMBER OF PAGES: vi, 344 iii Abstract This investigation contributes to the existing scholarship on Britain and the First World War by examining the war's impact on the county of Devon in southwest England. More specifically, this study pays particular attention to how communities, families, and individuals responded to the pressures ofwar and to what extent social unity was achieved at the county level. By exploring the relationship between the state and its citizens, this dissertation questions the extent to which Devonians were passive and accepting of the sacrifices and hardships that the government required from them, how their experiences were informed, and to what extent class, gender, and religious differences limited public support for the war? While this dissertation argues that Devonians were generally supportive ofBritish participation in the war, that support was provisional and based on the perception of 'equality of sacrifice' - the expectation that the burdens ofwar would be shared equally throughout the county and across all segments of society.
    [Show full text]
  • Beasts of Burden: Horse Transport on the Western Front
    BEASTS OF BURDEN: HORSE TRANSPORT ON THE WESTERN FRONT Major Dave Sweeney JCSP 39 DL PCEMI 39 AD Master of Defence Studies Maîtrise en études de la défense Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and do Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs et not represent Department of National Defence or ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Ministère de Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used la Défense nationale ou des Forces canadiennes. Ce without written permission. papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par le Minister of National Defence, 2014 ministre de la Défense nationale, 2014 CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 39 DL – PCEMI 39 AD MASTER OF DEFENCE STUDIES – MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES DE LA DÉFENSE BEASTS OF BURDEN: HORSE TRANSPORT ON THE WESTERN FRONT By Major Dave Sweeney 01 August 2014 “This paper was written by a student “La présente étude a été rédigée par attending the Canadian Forces College un stagiaire du Collège des Forces in fulfilment of one of the requirements canadiennes pour satisfaire à l'une des of the Course of Studies. The paper is exigences du cours. L'étude est un a scholastic document, and thus document qui se rapporte au cours et contains facts and opinions, which the contient donc des faits et des opinions author alone considered appropriate que seul l'auteur considère appropriés and correct for the subject. It does not et convenables au sujet.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Front Legacy 1914-18 Teachers' and Group Leaders
    Home Front Legacy 1914-18 Teachers’ and Group Leaders’ Resource Pack IWM (Q 28147) (Q IWM © R): © IWM (Art.IWM PST 6541); © IWM (INS 7804); 7804); © IWM (INS 6541); PST R): (Art.IWM © IWM – Images (L Images 1 Contents Introduction 2 Session Plan 1 – Introduction to the archaeology of the First 3–5 World War Home Front, and the Home Front Legacy project Session Plan 2 – How were people at home involved in the First 6–9 World War? Session Plan 3 – What was our area like 100 years ago, at the time 10–15 of the First World War? How is it different today? Session Plan 4 – Accessing and using the Home Front Legacy 16–18 recording app Session Plan 5 – How did the First World War affect our local area? 19–22 Session Plan 6 – Field recording 23–29 Session Plan 7 – What happened on the Home Front once the War 30–32 was over? How did the Home Front disappear from view? Session Plan 8 – Events on the First World War Home Front 33–36 Includes worksheets without page numbers Session Plan 9 – The roles of women on the Home Front 37–43 Includes reference images without page numbers Session Plan 10 – Material culture from the Home Front 44–47 Includes worksheet and images without page numbers Session Plan 11 – Food and diet on the Home Front 48–52 Includes worksheets without page numbers Session Plan 12 – Home Front communications and propaganda posters 53–59 Includes worksheet and images without page numbers 2 Introduction Home Front Legacy 1914-18 is a UK-wide archaeological recording project co-ordinated by the Council for British Archaeology (CBA) and funded by Historic England.
    [Show full text]
  • Charlie Charrier, the British Press During the Great
    The British Press During the Great War Charlie Charrier 19 March 2020 Even before the Great War, the international press covered the actions that would lead to the first shots on the battlefield. However, for the United Kingdom, the reports made from journalists would also help change the course of decisions made in the national government. Opinions relayed from troops on the battlefield managed to bring attention to Parliament, while a propaganda machine added new dimensions to what the national press could convey to their audience. In the process, the United Kingdom also managed to relay a better understanding of their sacrifices to a new ally, one that would help bring a sweeping victory to a bloody battle. The movements of the United Kingdom’s national press may not take place on the battlefield, but they prove just as worthy of consideration in the history of the Great War. The national press’ efforts not only transformed how the country responded to war conflicts, but how the world’s press reported on international affairs in the century since. Much of what the British press had created, thanks in part to well-known individuals in the industry and those in the government, would help shape future policy going forward. To consider how this transformation happened, one must investigate what was the standard for the country’s press industry in the time prior to the Great War. Fleet Street’s reputation as a publishing powerhouse was established during the eighteenth century, as daily newspapers began to form and establish homes within the street.
    [Show full text]
  • Churchill and Lloyd George: Liberal Authors on the First World War?
    Liberalism and the Great War Alan Mumford analyses Winston Churchill’s and David Lloyd George’s volumes on the First World War. Churchill and Lloyd George: Liberal authors on the First World War? istorians and biographers have already however, is concerned with two issues not writ- reviewed the extent to which the vol- ten about previously: questions about liberal- Winston Churchill Humes written by Churchill and Lloyd ism and authorship. First, in the four volumes (1874–1965) and George about the First World War are accu- of Churchill’s The World Crisis (The Aftermath is David Lloyd George rate, fair and plausible in respect of their views not considered here) and Lloyd George’s six-vol- (1863–1945) on strategy and its implementation. This article, ume War Memoirs, is entry into the war justified 20 Journal of Liberal History 94 Spring 2017 Churchill and Lloyd George: Liberal authors on the First World War? by reference to Liberal values?1 And, later, was matched his interest in directing a major part of Biographers their conduct during the war as described in their armed action – through the navy. Lloyd George books responsive to those values? Second, were had no such direct involvement – his energy was have not paid they the sole, main or only part authors? Rob- devoted to managing the financial consequences. bins claimed that Lloyd George did not write the attention to the Memoirs: ‘though he embellished them at suit- extent to which able intervals’2 (a claim which was the cause of the Did Lloyd George and Churchill carry research for this article).
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Dispute
    The Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Dispute Chapter 14 in James Gelvin’s “The Modern Middle East” notes by Denis Bašić Some statistics Israel’s population is about 7.5 million, which is less than 10% of the population of Turkey (80 mil), Iran (79 mil) or Egypt (84 mil). There are approximately 4 million Palestinians in the occupied areas (roughly the population of Chicago) Estimates for total number of Palestinians in the world run as high as 9 million. Since 1948, wars between Israel and its neighbors have claimed upward of 150,000 casualties. As a comparison, during the Iraq-Iran war from 1980-88, there were 500,000-1 million deaths and 1-2 million wounded. See: Israel-Palestine: Population statistics The essence of the dispute The so-called Arab-Israeli dispute has gone on for such a long time and has been a subject to so much heated debate that it is easy to lose sight of the fundamental issues involved. The dispute is, simply put, a real estate dispute. Zionism ZIONISM is a national movement that defined a religious community - Jews - as a national community. The word "Zionism" itself is derived from the Tziyyon), one of the ,ציון :word "Zion" (Hebrew names of Jerusalem, as mentioned in the Bible. It was coined as a term for Jewish nationalism by Austrian Jewish publisher Nathan Birnbaum in his journal Self-Emancipation in 1890. Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) ... is perhaps the most important figure in the early history of Zionism. Herzl received a secular education and acquired doctorate in law.
    [Show full text]
  • Channel Islanders Were Among the Casualties
    JOURNAL October 34 2010 Fromelles Please note that Copyright for any articles contained in this Journal rests with the Authors as shown. Please contact them directly if you wish to use their material. 1 Hello All I turn my back for five minutes, head off for a break, and return to a deluge of articles! But, I am not in anyway complaining as I find that there are never enough hours in the days during the first couple of weeks after trips to foreign fields and anything that reduces the workload is most welcome. My thanks to all of the contributors. Just a quick thought because of space constraints in this Issue, but an important one nevertheless. As Roger Frisby reminds us in talking of the photographing that we have been carrying out of headstones and memorials, the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the Great War is just under four years away. The question is “How should it and the subsequent years be remembered in the Islands, and what should we be doing now to influence official thinking, which as we know can be laboriously slow?” Your thoughts will be greatly appreciated. This Month’s Cover Fromelles provides the pictures this month with the statue ‘Cobbers’ from the Memorial Park and the VC Corner Cemetery and Memorial featured. That headstone is that of 1516 Private Victor George SIMON who, we discovered recently, was the son of Guernsey emigrants to Australia, John Blondel and Eliza SIMON. We had not known of the link as his service records show no reference to Guernsey, but a family descendant came forward and was able to provide matching DNA, and featured on a BBC Guernsey interview.
    [Show full text]
  • David Lloyd George 1863–1945 Kenneth O
    For the study of Liberal, SDP and Issue 77 / Winter 2012–13 / £10.00 Liberal Democrat history Journal of LiberalHI ST O R Y David Lloyd George 1863–1945 Kenneth O. Morgan Lloyd George and leadership The influences of Gladstone and Lincoln Alan Sharp ‘If I had to go to Paris again …’ Lloyd George and the revision of the Versailles Treaty Stella Rudman Lloyd George and the appeasement of Germany, 1922–1945 Peter Clarke ‘We can conquer unemployment’ Lloyd George and Keynes David Dutton The wonderful wizard as was Lloyd George, 1931–1945 Liberal Democrat History Group 2 Journal of Liberal History 77 Winter 2012–13 Journal of Liberal History Issue 77: Winter 2012–13 The Journal of Liberal History is published quarterly by the Liberal Democrat History Group. ISSN 1479-9642 David Lloyd George, 1863–1945 4 Editor: Duncan Brack Kenneth O. Morgan introduces this special edition of the Journal. Deputy Editor: Tom Kiehl Biographies Editor: Robert Ingham Reviews Editor: Dr Eugenio Biagini Lloyd George and leadership 6 Contributing Editors: Graham Lippiatt, Tony Little, The influences of Gladstone and Abraham Lincoln; by Kenneth O. Morgan York Membery Lloyd George, nonconformity and radicalism 12 Patrons Ian Machin examines Lloyd George’s career and beliefs from 1890 to 1906 Dr Eugenio Biagini; Professor Michael Freeden; Professor John Vincent Lloyd George’s coalition proposal of 1910 18 Editorial Board and its impact on pre-war Liberalism; by Martin Pugh Dr Malcolm Baines; Dr Ian Cawood; Dr Roy Douglas; Dr David Dutton; Prof. David Gowland; Prof. Richard Lloyd George’s war rhetoric, 1914–1918 24 Grayson; Dr Michael Hart; Peter Hellyer; Dr Alison Richard Toye analyses Lloyd George’s rhetorical skills at the height of his powers Holmes; Dr J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great War and the North West
    The Great War and the North West Manchester Region History Review Volume 24 2013 ISSN 0952-4320 ISBN 978-1-85936-226-6 © Manchester Centre for Regional History, 2014 All rights are reserved and no part of the publication can be reprinted without the permission of the editors and authors. Typeset by Carnegie Book Production, Lancaster. Printed and bound by Page Bros Ltd. Contents Contents Editorial v Nick Mansfield Articles North-West infantry battalions and local patriotism in the First World War 1 Helen B. McCartney Labour failure and Liberal survival: the impact of the Great War on the labour movement in Mossley 15 Neil Redfern The Women’s War Interest Committee in Manchester and Salford: a snapshot of feminist activism in the First World War 31 Alison Ronan The Commonest of Men: Gallipoli and the East Lancashire legacy 45 Martin Purdy From docks and sand: the maintenance of community identity in a territorial battalion in the First World War 59 Adrian Gregson The vagaries of memorialization 79 Liz Moore and Bob Moore The Great War in the North West: a historiography 85 Stephen Roberts Museums and archives ‘From Street to Trench: a World War that shaped a Region’ Imperial War Museum North, Salford 99 Matt Brosnan contents iii ‘A Land Fit For Heroes: War and the Working Class, 1914–1918’ People’s History Museum, Manchester 107 Chris Burgess, Josh Butt, Beccy Crosby and Helen Antrobus Long reviews Adam Seipp, The ordeal of peace: demobilization and the urban experience in Britain and Germany, 1917–1921 (Farnham, 2009) 131 D.J.
    [Show full text]