THREE VISITS to Al\IERICA Edinburg/,: I'rinted by Thomas and Archibald Constable
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THREE VISITS TO Al\IERICA Edinburg/,: I'rinted by Thomas and Archibald Constable FOR DA V!D DOUGLAt\. LONJJON • HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO. CAMBRIDGR. )JAC'MlLLAN AND BOWES. GT.ASGOW. ,TAMF.~ MACLF.HOSE AND SONS. Three Visits to America BY EMILY FAITHFULL vVhere'er a human heart dotli wear Joy's myrtle-wreat!, or sorrow's ,,")'ves, Where'er a human spirit strives After a life more true and fair, Tlure is the true man's birthplace grand, His is a world-widefatlurland. ]AMES RUSSELL LOWEI.L. EDINBURGH DAVID DOUGLAS, CASTLE STREET I.All rights rese,·ved.J ·([ bi S3 Vllo l um r IS AFFECT!Oi\'.\TELY INSCRIBED TO MY FRIEND RICHARD PEACOCK, ESQ. OF GORTON HALL, LANCASHIRE IN RE!IIE~IBRAi\'CE OF THE UNVARYING KINDNESS RECEIVED FROM HIM AND HIS ~~AMIL\" PREFACE. IN compliance with the wishe:,; of many kind friends on both sides of the Atlantic, I have collected in this form various articles, contributed during my American tours, to the Victoria Jfogc1zine, Lady's Pictorial, Pall .Jfall Oa::ettc, and other English ,md American newspapers; and I have taken the oppor tunity of adding many fresh records not hitherto published. I do not pretend to offer any new in formation about a country respecting which so much has been already written by abler pens than mine, but this addition to the international literature of the day may still perhaps prove acceptable, as " the point of view" taken differs from that of the ordinary traveller. Throughout my three visits I had one object Hpecially before me, namely, to supplement the ex perience gained during twenty years of practical work in England, in regard to the changed position of women in the nineteenth century, by ascertain ing how America is trying to solve the most delicate and difficult problem presented by modern civili sation. In the hope that the information thus viii PREFACE. obtained may prove useful, I venture to ofter this volume to the English and American public, and I sincerely trust that no comments in these pages upon political matters or social customs will prove offensive to a country which extended to me such generous hospitality, and for which I entertain a profound and affectionate respect. EMILY F AITHFULL. 19 LEARMONTH TERRACE, EDINBURGH, October 1st, 1884. (' 0 NT ENT N. CHAPTEP. I. P,\O'K First arrival in America-Welcome at i\Irs. Laura Uurtis Bullar<l's -A Pi·esidential campaign-Personal recollections of Horace Greeley-General politics-Disinclination of the best people to take part in them-Cincinnati riots in 1884, · l ( 'HAPTER 11. Reception at Steinway Hall-The Sorosis Club-1\lrs. Uroly-:\Iis8 Mary L . .Booth-Louise Chandler Moulton-Clergywomen-, Dr. :\lary Putnam-Jacobi-Harper's printing-office-River side Press at Cambridge, Mass. - ,v omen printers and the • Victoria Press-Queen Yictoria's views _on women'H spheres l\lr. ( Hadstone on monopolies-Messrs. Young, Ladd, & Coffin's manufactory of Lundborg's perfumes-Mrs. Stanton and Susan B. Anthony-Hon. Gerrit Smith at Peterboro-Winter travelling in America-Mrs. Parke Godwin aml an Art reception, CHAPTER III. The President at the White House-,v ashington etit1uette-Caste in America-Women Lobbyists~Women employed in the• Civil Sen•ice-Y erdict of General Si,inner on the female clerks -Lady John Manners and the English notion of thei_r social position-Draughtswomen in English Engineer offices-Con versation with Senator Sumner on Republicanism and English loyalty to Queen Victoria-Grace Greenwood, 31 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. PAGE Railroads, drawing-room cars, sleepers, and hotel cars-Cookery in restaurants, hotels, and private houses-Chicago-Mrs. Kate Doggett, Mrs. Fernando Jones, General Osborne-The Sol- diers' Home at Milwaukee-American affection for England, --l}i CHAPTER V. A visit to the University of Michigan-President Angel-Andrew White of Cornell-Professor Coit Tyler-Kansas State Uni versity-Chancellor Lippincott-Discussion about co-ednca tion-Columbia College-Rev. Dr. Dix and Professor Drisler -Consequences of higher education on health-Views of Frances Power Cob be, George MacDonald, Mrs.Joseph Choate, President Barnard-Rise and progress of the movement in Englan(l-Miss Dawes, the first Master of Arts in the London University-:\frs. Lucy Mitchell, ii() CHAPTER VI. Vassar College-Professor Maria Mitchell-President Caldwell Life of the students-Effect of study upon health-Improve ments in the direction of OLlt--door amusements between visits in 1873 and 1883-Riding, lawn-tennis, and boating-Wel lesley College and its fire-brigade manned by girls-Mill's Seminary, the Vassar of the Pacific coast-Miss Haskell at Godfrey-Payment of female teachers in public schools English Governesses-Colonel Higginson on the gross injus tice of the inequalities existing between the salaries of men and women teachers in the United States-Kate Field on the difficulties surrounding journalism-Anna Dickinson-The growing taste for 11lays vei-sus lectures, tiS CHAPTER VII. The Quaktr city-Changes in society-School of Young Lady Potters-New CentL1ry Club-The Mint, and women em ployed in it-Theatres and English artists-Silk culture Mr. George W. Childs, the Ledgn·, and his work-people Wootton-Original manuscripts and autographs-Walt Whit- CONTENTS. xi PACIIC man: his views on N,,w York, Boston, Washington, and tho West-Mrs. Hannah Smith and the Temperance ll 11i1J11- Coffee-houses, . 82 CHAPTER VIII. Boston : its east wind, culture, and English look-False accusa tion of "decadence," but gaps in the aristocracy of ldti,rs between first and second visits-Longfellow, James Fields, Professor Agassiz-Asthma and its remedies-John Greenleaf Whittier-Oliver Wendell Holmes-:\lr8. Julia Ward Howe and the New England ('lub-Victoria Discussion Society Evacuation Day in New York and Forefathers' Day in Boston -Re,·. Edward Everett Hale-Visit to the Bo8ton Univer sity with the DP.an and Mrs. Talbot-:\Iiss Peabody aud the Kindergarten-The Papyrus Club-Dr. Harriet Hunt-Tlw Bible and the Woman question, !Iii ( )HAPTER IX. English and American receptions contrasted-St. Louis- A 1,sence of gentlemen at afternoon receptions-Innovation at St. Lonie -:\Irs. Bigelow's "At home "-Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson of Chicago-lliinois women-Judge Bradwell and his lawyer wife-Dr. and :\Ire. Hoggan of Loudon-Incident during a railway journey-Charlotte Cushman on and off the stage Compared as a reader with Fanny Kemble-:\[r. Sothern an,l :\Iiss Cushman at a steamer banq nt,t--Tbe ruse t,, avoid speech-making-The model town of Pullman--<~ahoose tra velling in Wisconsin and Minnesota-Cincinnati during the flood of 1883-Governor XoyPs-:\fnrat Hal1<tead and Mr. Probasco, lO!J CHAPTEH X. Xew Y~ar·s Day [l>i84] in Colorado-The J{.o,,ky )JountaiDJJ Denver-Mrs. Olive Wrigbt-Greeley-.lialph Meeker Dynamit:,;, Agita~r&-Colorado Rprings-G,,n<:ral J'almcr'K enterpriae-Dr. 8olly-l'r1::1Jilleut Tenny'• picnic in January -Journey over the Rocky M(JllntaiDJ1, thmugh th,, Grau,} Cany,m of the Arkau.:.. , -- Salilla.- -:'>I ar,di all l'.u,, <; rm r, i >!(Ill -Aer,,..., i,be d-rt to Salt Lake ("it·:. I '.!I, xii CONTENTS. CHAPTER XL PAGE Brigham Young and the "true inwardness of Mormonism "-In ducements to converts to emigrate to the "promised land" -Polygamy kept out of sight-Zion's poet-laureate, Eliza Snow-Mrs. Emmeline Wells, etc.-Mormon women and wives-The effects of polygamy-Sermons in the Tabernacle and Sunday evening ward meetings-Brigham Young and others on the "women's discontent "-Exclusion of unmarrierl women from the kingdom of heaven-Introduction of second wives-The effect of any lengthened visit to Salt Lake City -War between Mormons and Gentiles-Endowment House, with its religious dramas, baptisms, and sealings, 150 CHAPTER XII. The President's Secretary, Mr. George Reynolds-Mr. George Q. Cannon-A religious argument after the President's luncheon -The ox-team wagon journey across the plains-Mormon amusements, tlieatres, and dances-The effect of stage-plays on the plural wives-Captain Boyd on the Latter Day Saints -The Mormon Bible-The Doctrines and Covenants " Joseph the Seer's" revelations from the Lord to his wife Emma-The women's right to the franchise and their depri vation of dower-Accusations against the Gentiles-Mormon criminal statistics-The Salt Lake Tribune on "Gulled Eng lish travellers "-Celestial marriages and divorces-Governor Murray-Mrs. Paddick-The duty of Congress, 1i9 CHAPTER XIII. American hotel despotism: Hours for meals-The journey across the desert from Ogden-The disappearance of the Indians and buffaloes from the railroad tracks-The :flight of antelopes The Sierra-Nevada mountains-San Francisco-Palace Hotel -Bell-boys and hotel servants generally-Chinatown in its New-Year garb-Cable-cars-Drives to the Cliff House through the park and to the Presidio-Wooden houses-Fit-es and the Fit-e Brigade-Dr. Hardy's Foundling Hospital on Golden Gate A venue, . 200 CONTENTS. xiii CHAPTER XIV. PAOR Strange contrasts afforded-Drinking and total abstinence Divorces-Fast sets and earnest reform workers-Mrs. Sarah B. Cooper-Free Kindergartens-Mr. Tabor's Art Gallery Lotta Crabtree's fountain-The Baldwin Hotel-Mr. Highton -Silk culture-Efforts of Mrs. Hittell and the State Board -Prizes won at the Philadelphia Exhibition by Californian l::ulies for the best silk cocoons raised in the United States Commercial opportunities of San Francisco-The Immigration Association-Chinese labour question, 216 CHAPTER XV. Strawberries in February; roses and geraniums growing in the open air-New Orleans and Colorado and California contrasted -Oakland and the Ebell Society-Fresno-An exciting drive through the colonies-Miss Austin's vineyard-Mr. Miller of the Fresno Republican-Mr. A. B. Butler-Raisin-making The Eisen vineyard- Sampling Californian wines-Family Emigration and the kind of people wanted-Bee culture-An ostrich ranche, '.!34 CHAPTER XVI.