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HANDOUT 13 Glossary of Woodworking Terms

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HANDOUT 13 Glossary of Woodworking Terms HANDOUT 13 Glossary of Woodworking Terms B Batten board: A variation of lamin-board Block board: A variation of lamin-board allows the head of a screw to lie flush with with the core formed of strips. with a core formed of square wood strips a surface. glued together. Cup: To bend as a result of shrinkage, specifically across the width of a piece of wood. D 3” Max 1” Max Dado: The lower part of an interior wall usually defined with a moulded rail. Baluster: One of a set of posts supporting Densification: A chemical or physical a stair handrail. C treatment - layers are bonded together with treatment in excess of that needed Balustrade: The protective barrier Casing: The timber lining of a door to ensure a good bond - to increase alongside a staircase or landing. opening. hardness and improve mechanical strength Banister: See Balustrade. Cellular wood panel: Similar to block or resistance to chemical or electrical board and batten board panels but the agencies. Batten: A narrow strip of wood. battens and laths form the core and are spaced either parallel or in lattice form. Density: The mass per unit volume of a Beaded wood: A simple round moulding. Panels are relatively light but have some substance, usually expressed in kilograms Also see Moulded wood. strength. per cubic metre. Chamfered: The edges have been Distortion: The change in the shape of a removed lengthwise at an angle. piece of timber or timber-based material brought about by shrinkage as the timber Bevel dries. It includes bowing, twisting and cupping. Bead Dovetail: A type of joint. One piece has a splayed shape - like a dove’s tail - and fits into the socket or eye of the second piece. Bevel: An angle but not a right angle. A Chamfer sloping or canted surface. Double Dovetail Bevel Composites: ‘Structural timber composites’ is the collective name for engineered wood-based materials or components. Dovetail Chamfer Those currently available include: • glued laminated timber (glulam) Doweling: Cylindrical piece or length of • laminated veneer lumber (LVL) wood. Also known as Rounded wood. Bole: The tree trunk is sometimes also • parallel strand lumber (PSL) Dowel called the bole. After felling, the branches • laminated strand lumber (LSL) are removed, leaving the trunk - at this stage it’s known as a log. Conversion: The process of cutting logs by sawing them into usable sections of Broad-leaved trees: Broad-leaved trees timber, such as beams and planks. produce hardwood timber. Their seeds are Dowel Joint in an enclosed case or ovary, such as an Counterbore: To cut a hole that allows acorn or walnut. In temperate climates the head of a bolt or screw to sit flush with, they’re usually deciduous - they lose their or lie below, the level of a surface. Drip groove: A groove cut or moulded in leaves in winter. the underside of a door or window sill to Countersink: To cut a tapered recess that prevent rainwater running back to the wall. WOW I MADE THAT! is an education programme by the BWF. HANDOUT 13 - Glossary of Woodworking Terms page 2 Dry board: See Wet processing. Floor board - Continued: Horns: Extended door or window stiles designed to protect the corners from E damage while in storage. Earlywood: The less dense wood formed Square Edge Tongued & Grooved during the early stage of a growth season. I Impregnation or injection: The injection Eaves: The edges of a roof that project and impregnation of wood are treatments beyond the walls. Rebate & Fillet Loose Tongue to preserve the wood and give it durability, Edge and end spacing: Spacing’s to make it fire resistant and protect against between fasteners and the edges and ends shrinkage. The treatment ensures the long- of the components that are being joined. Square Edge Secret Nailing term preservation of poles of coniferous Rebated T & G wood. The treatment involves soaking the End grain: The exposed face of timber timber for a long period in open vats of produced when it’s cut through a plane Foliage: Leaves. hot liquid in which the poles are left until that’s perpendicular to the grain. Furring battens: Parallel strips of wood the liquid cools down. Alternatively, they End-jointed: See Finger-jointed. fixed to a wall or ceiling to provide a can be treated in an autoclave through a framework for attaching panels. vacuum or under pressure or the wood Engineered wood: Layers of hardwood can be deeply impregnated - usually with compressed together. thermosetting plastics or molten metal. G Impregnation with thermosetting plastics - Extruded particle board: Particle board for example amino-resins or phenolic resins made using extrusion. This may have holes Glulam: Glulam or glued laminated - is often applied to very thin veneers that running internally from end to end. timber is one of a range of structural timber composites. Glulam is made by are built up into laminated wood but not to gluing together strength graded laminates solid wood. to produce large section structural Interlocking joint: Interlocking is a components that can be straight or curved. way of jointing timber. Each piece is cut Beams are manufactured in stock or to fit against or into another, to prevent bespoke sizes. displacement and to transfer forces. The Going: The horizontal measurement joint must either be in compression or F between the top and bottom risers of a pinned or keyed after assembly. stair or the depth of one stair tread. Face edge: In woodworking, the surface J planed square to the face side. Grain: The general direction of wood fibres or the pattern produced on the surface of Jamb: The vertical side member of a door Face side: In woodworking, the flat planed timber by cutting through the fibres. or window frame. surface from which other dimensions and Also see End grain and Short grain. angles are measured. Groove: A long narrow channel. K Fascia board: A strip of wood that covers Also see Tongued and grooved. Kerf: The groove cut by a saw. the ends of rafters and to which external guttering is fixed. Knot: The remains of a branch in timber. A branch sawn off close to the trunk Fibreboard: Wood chips bonded together or shed naturally forms a sound or live by their own adhesive properties - lignin. knot. A broken branch stub that becomes Known as hardboard, medium board and surrounded by new growth produces a soft board. loose or dead knot in the timber. Finger-jointed: Also called End-jointed. Grooves Shorter pieces of wood are joined to create L a longer piece of wood. The joint looks like H Laminated veneer lumber (LVL): LVL interlaced fingers. Hardboard: See Fibreboard. is a layered composite of wood veneers and adhesive and can be considered as Hardwood: Timber produced from broad- a veneer-based product. It’s made up of leaved trees. parallel laminations of veneer, glued and Head: The top horizontal member of a processed together to form a material wooden frame. that’s similar to sawn timber. Debarked spruce logs are soaked in hot water. Blocks Finger Joint Head plate: The top horizontal member of are cut into a thick veneer and then cut a stud partition. into sheets and lengths. Veneers are dried Floor board: Material for forming the to a moisture content below 5 per cent. Heartwood: The inner area of a tree trunk surface of floors. The veneers are ultrasonically graded, with or log that - when the tree was growing the higher grade placed on the outer faces - had stopped containing living cells and of the plank. reserve materials, such as starch. The A scarf saw makes long chamfers in heartwood may be darker in colour than both ends of the veneers. Thermosetting the outer sapwood though not all species phenolic resin glue is spread on the upper show a clear difference between the two. side of each sheet - except on the upper The heartwood is often more durable than faces - and laid up so the grain direction is sapwood. Hollow Backed T & G Flooring all the same. WOW I MADE THAT! is an education programme by the BWF. HANDOUT 13 - Glossary of Woodworking Terms page 3 LVL: - Continued: The veneers are Nosing: The front edge of a stair tread. Pointside: The piece of timber in a pressed to spread the glue evenly before joint that receives the point of a nail or entering a hot-press. LVL is very similar to screw. The other section is known as the parallel strand lumber. O headside. Laminated wood: Several thin layers of Oriented strand board (OSB): To Preservative treatment: The treatment wood and adhesives that are built up to make OSB, logs are fed into a lathe-like of timber with chemicals to improve make a single board. machine where the bark is removed, and its resistance to attack by biological the machine chews up the logs completely organisms, such as fungi, insects and Laminboard: Thick compound board to produce flakes of wood. These flakes are marine borers. The chemicals can be with a core that’s usually made up of small sifted to eliminate the very tiny particles, brushed or sprayed onto the surface of strips, glued together at right angles and then mixed thoroughly with a dust of waxes the timber, but treatment is more effective with a surface of other woods. and heat-triggered resin glues. Layers if the chemicals are impregnated into the Ligneous: Of wood or resembling wood, of the fibres are placed in alternating timber under vacuum and/or pressure in woody. Examples of ligneous materials directions - alternately at right angles - special treatment vessels.
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