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Wood Flooring Installation Guidelines

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WOOD FLOORING INSTALLATION GUIDELINES Revised © 2019 NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION WOOD FLOORING INSTALLATION GUIDELINES 1 INTRODUCTION 87 SUBSTRATES: Radiant Heat 2 HEALTH AND SAFETY 102 SUBSTRATES: Existing Flooring Personal Protective Equipment Fire and Extinguisher Safety 106 UNDERLAYMENTS: Electrical Safety Moisture Control Tool Safety 110 UNDERLAYMENTS: Industry Regulations Sound Control/Acoustical 11 INSTALLATION TOOLS 116 LAYOUT Hand Tools Working Lines Power Tools Trammel Points Pneumatic Tools Transferring Lines Blades and Bits 45° Angles Wall-Layout 19 WOOD FLOORING PRODUCT Wood Flooring Options Center-Layout Trim and Mouldings Lasers Packaging 121 INSTALLATION METHODS: Conversions and Calculations Nail-Down 27 INVOLVED PARTIES 132 INSTALLATION METHODS: 29 JOBSITE CONDITIONS Glue-Down Exterior Climate Considerations 140 INSTALLATION METHODS: Exterior Conditions of the Building Floating Building Thermal Envelope Interior Conditions 145 INSTALLATION METHODS: 33 ACCLIMATION/CONDITIONING Parquet Solid Wood Flooring 150 PROTECTION, CARE Engineered Wood Flooring AND MAINTENANCE Parquet and End-Grain Wood Flooring Educating the Customer Reclaimed Wood Flooring Protection Care 38 MOISTURE TESTING Maintenance Temperature/Relative Humidity What Not to Use Moisture Testing Wood Moisture Testing Wood Subfloors 153 REPAIRS/REPLACEMENT/ Moisture Testing Concrete Subfloors REMOVAL Repair 45 BASEMENTS/CRAWLSPACES Replacement Floating Floor Board Replacement 48 SUBSTRATES: Wood Subfloors Lace-Out/Lace-In Addressing Water Damage 61 SUBSTRATES: Concrete Subfloors 161 GLOSSARY 76 SUBSTRATES : Wood Subfloor Systems Over Concrete 176 SOURCES/CREDITS 81 SUBSTRATES: Screeds/Sleepers © 2019 NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NOTICE The National Wood Flooring Association assumes no responsibility and accepts no liability for the principles or techniques contained in these guidelines/methods. These guidelines and methods for the installation of wood flooring were developed by the NWFA Technical Publications Committee, together with leading industry authorities, through review of longstanding installation principles, along with research and data regarding wood flooring installation. These guidelines and methods address a variety of ancillary products and components related to the installation of wood flooring, but are not intended to address issues arising to or from those components directly. While every effort has been made to produce accurate and generally accepted guidelines, the principles and practices described in this publication are not universal requirements and may change. The recommendations in these guidelines/methods are directed at the North American market in general, and therefore may not necessarily reflect the most-accepted industry practices in other geographic areas. Some installation methods and materials may not be suitable in some geographic areas because of local trade practices, climatic conditions, or construction methods. All wood flooring installations must conform to local building codes, ordinances, HOA CC&Rs (Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions), trade practices, and climatic conditions. In addition, manufacturers’ recommendations for installation of specific products should always supersede the recommendations contained in these guidelines. It is recommended that all wood flooring products be installed in accordance with the NWFA Installation Guidelines and all applicable manufacturer instructions by an NWFACP Certified Installer, NWFA member, or equivalent. © Copyright 2019. National Wood Flooring Association. St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. All rights reserved under both international and Pan American copyright conventions. © 2019 NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION INTRODUCTION One of the many benefits of wood flooring is that, when installed and maintained properly, they are the only flooring option that can last for hundreds of years. In fact, there are documented wood floors in Europe that date back more than five centuries. Wood flooring can be maintained and restored to its original appeal after decades of wear and use. Even the finest carpets will wear out after only a few years of traffic. Tile and stone can crack or chip when something gets dropped on them, and grout can crack and stain over time. Plastic and vinyl flooring can suffocate the home, and are generally designed to be disposable. Those who work with wood floors for a living know that installing them is not a DIY job. You have to have the right tools, the right subfloor, the right jobsite conditions, and the right skills to have a successful installation. Wood flooring professionals who receive the proper training, and have the necessary industry knowledge, will be well-prepared for nearly any job they encounter. Wood flooring is available in a wide range of options, including species, widths, thicknesses, shapes and sizes, and even different levels of hardness and dimensional stabilities. Each of these options necessitate an understanding and careful consideration for proper installation of the products. There are a number of processes that must be correctly undertaken in order to achieve a floor with the performance and appearance that is of professional standards. These Guidelines outline the industry-accepted methods and procedures for wood flooring installations. The information included has been organized in a way that will contribute to a successful installation. Hands-on and Online Education Available through NWFA University The National Wood Flooring Association offers online and hands-on training courses for wood flooring professionals through NWFA University. There is a comprehensive selection of technical education for professionals at all skill levels: Basic, Intermediate, Advanced, Craftsman, and Master Craftsman. For more information, contact NWFA at: [P] 800.422.4556 [W] www.nwfa.org © 2019 NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION 1 NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION HEALTH AND SAFETY Before starting any installation job, certain basic standards of safety must be applied. It is important that all crew members are briefed and updated on all requirements and regulations. This is important for the safety of you, the crew, the customer, and the jobsite. Before considering going out to install a wood floor, it is imperative to be aware of the safety issues involved. Besides being a vital health issue, following safety regulations is also required by law. Failure to comply can cost you thousands of dollars in fines. injuries alone cost more than $300 million per year in lost production time, medical expenses, and worker compensation. OSHA requires employers to ensure the safety of all employees in the work environment. Eye protection must be provided whenever necessary to protect against chemical, environmental, radiological, or mechanical irritants and hazards. Good eye protection is meant to: • Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed. • Be of safe design and construction for the work The Occupational Safety and Health Administration to be performed. (OSHA) administers rules that aim to protect the safety • B e reasonably comfortable when worn under of workers on the jobsite. These rules may vary the designated conditions. according to whether the job is residential or • Fit snugly and not unduly interfere with the commercial, and requirements are also different for movements of the wearer. homeowners and professionals. Check OSHA requirements in your area at www.osha.gov. • Be durable. • B e capable of being disinfected and easily cleanable. PART I • Be distinctly marked to facilitate identification Personal Protective of the manufacturer. In addition: Equipment • Workers who wear prescription eye glasses must Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential to also wear required eye protection. keeping you safe on the wood flooring jobsite. There • Eye protection often fits comfortably over glasses. are six main types of personal protective equipment • Safety goggles and safety glasses may designed for wood flooring professionals: incorporate prescription lenses as well. • Dust and chemicals present additional hazards to contact wearers. OSHA recommends that workers have an extra pair of contacts or eyeglasses in case of failure or loss. Ear Protection Use of ear protection is very important due to the high decibel of many of the tools used in the wood flooring industry. Each hearing protection device has a noise reduction rating (NRR). The higher the number, the greater the decibel reduction. Which type of hearing protection you choose depends on a number of factors including level of noise, comfort, and suitability of the hearing protector. Most importantly, the hearing Eye Protection protector should provide the desired noise reduction. Thousands of people are blinded each year from work- According to OSHA, people should wear a hearing related eye injuries that could have been prevented protector if the noise or sound level at the workplace with the proper selection and use of eye protection. Eye exceeds 85 decibels (A-weighted) or dBA. 2 © 2019 NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION NATIONAL WOOD FLOORING ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION Ear protection for wood flooring professionals generally the amount of contaminants in the air. Check comes in two types: with the manufacturer of the filter or cartridge A. Ear Muffs:
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