biomolecules Article Mining Grapevine Downy Mildew Susceptibility Genes: A Resource for Genomics-Based Breeding and Tailored Gene Editing Carlotta Pirrello 1,2 , Tieme Zeilmaker 3, Luca Bianco 1 , Lisa Giacomelli 1,3, Claudio Moser 1 and Silvia Vezzulli 1,* 1 Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
[email protected] (C.P.);
[email protected] (L.B.);
[email protected] (L.G.);
[email protected] (C.M.) 2 Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy 3 SciENZA Biotechnologies B.V., Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39-0461-615387 Abstract: Several pathogens continuously threaten viticulture worldwide. Until now, the investiga- tion on resistance loci has been the main trend to understand the interaction between grapevine and the mildew causal agents. Dominantly inherited gene-based resistance has shown to be race-specific in some cases, to confer partial immunity, and to be potentially overcome within a few years since its introgression. Recently, on the footprint of research conducted in Arabidopsis, putative genes associated with downy mildew susceptibility have been discovered also in the grapevine genome. In this work, we deep-sequenced four putative susceptibility genes—namely VvDMR6.1, VvDMR6.2, VvDLO1, VvDLO2—in 190 genetically diverse grapevine genotypes to discover new sources of Citation: Pirrello, C.; Zeilmaker, T.; Bianco, L.; Giacomelli, L.; Moser, C.; broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance. Identified Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Vezzulli, S.