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Scaridae Fishing Area 51 (W click for previous page SCAR Scar 13 1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: SCARIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean) Searus enneacanthus Lacepède,1802 OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE : Scarus capitaneus Valenciennes, 1840 Xanothon capitaneus by Smith, 1956 VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Captain parrotfish Fr - Perroquet capitaine Sp - Loro capitán NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body depth contained 2.6 to 2.9 times in standard length. Dorsal profile of snout steep, with a break in contour in front of eyes; teeth fused in upper and lower jaws to form dental plates; plates smooth, the individual teeth only visible at margins; upper jaw enclosing lower jaw; up to 3 canine teeth posteriorly on upper dental plates; lips covering less than half of dental plates; 4 median predorsal scales; 2 rows of cheek scales, with 6 or 7 scales in dorsal row and 5 to 7 scales in ventral cow. Pectoral fins with 13 (occasionally 12) branched rays; caudal fin slightly rounded to truncate in subadults, emarginate in adults. Colour: there appears to be only one adult colour phase, but juveniles may prove to de distinctively marked; green, the edges o the scales in middle and posterior part of body narrowly and faintly lavender-pink, the caudal peduncle and scaled basal part of fin lighter green; upper lip, lower lip, and adjacent chin with a broad band of light green edged posteriorly with a narrow band of lavender-pink; a narrow streak of orange at corner of mouth; a narrow circle of lavender-pink around orbit; dorsal fin purplish pink with a blue border and dark submarginal line; anal fin orangish with a streak of green paralleling rays on each interradial membrane, a blue border of dark submarginal line; unscaled part of caudal fin violet with blue upper and lower margins, green posterior margin, and a pink streak in each lobe; pectoral fins green, the leading edge blue, and below this a broad zone of purplish; pelvic fins green with a blue leading edge; dental plates greenish. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Scarus species also having 2 rows of cheek scales, 4 median predorsal scales, 13 branched pectoral fin rays and dental plates broadly exposed include: S. arabicus, S. atrilunula, S. genazonatus, S. japanensis and S. sordidus all differ in coloration from S. enneacanthus and none has the steep anterior head profile of this species. Remaining Scarus species: 12 branched pectoral fin ray, lips broadly cover dental plates and/or 3 rows of cheek scales (including 3 species with blunt or humped anterior head profiles - S. gibbus, S. festivus and S. rubroviolaceus); all differ in coloration. Other genera of Scaridae: narrow dental plates; cheek scales small, in a subtriangular patch (Hipposcarus); dental plates rough to touch (Bolbometopon, Cetoscarus); one row of cheek scales (Calotomus, Leptoscarus). SIZE: Maximum: about 40 cm standard length. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: So far recorded from Mozambique (east coast of Africa), Mauritius, Chagos Archipelago and Maldives, but probably more widespread. Present on shallow fringing reefs. Grazes on benthic algae. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Not common; probably occasionally taken throughout most of its range. CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Caught mainly with traps, nets and other kinds of arti- sanal gear. Marketed mostly fresh. SCAR Scar 14 1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: SCARIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean) Scarys falcipinnis (Playfair, 1867) OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE : Callyodon improvisus Smith, 1956 Callyodon pindae Smith, 1956 initial phase VERNACULAR NAMES: terminal phase FAO : En - Sicklefin parrotfish Fr - Perroquet faucille Sp - Loro segador NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body depth contained 2.1 to 2.5 times in standard length. Teeth fused in upper and lower jaws to form dental plates; plates smooth, the individual teeth only visible at free margins; upper jaw enclosing lower jaw with mouth closed; lips covering about 1/2 to 3/4 of dental plates; 0 to 2 canines posteriorly on upper dental plates; 6 median predorsal scales; 3 rows of cheek scales with 5 to 7 scales in dorsal row, 6 to 8 scales in middle row and 1 to 3 scales in ventral row. Pectoral fins with 13 (occasionally 14) branched rays; caudal fin emarginate in small initial phase fish, the lobes produced in large initial phase fish, and strongly lunate in terminal phase fish. Colour: 2 adult colour phases; initial phase - dull reddish-brown shading to brighter red on lips, underside of head and body; body excluding abdomen may have whitish spots usually no larger than pupil diameter; a few green spots may be present in a line between orbit and corner of mouth; green spots may also be found on lips and rim of orbit, usually no larger than pupil diameter; dorsal, anal and caudal fins reddish brown, the dorsal and anal with a narrow dark margin; pectoral fins blackish-brown; dental plates whitish; terminal phase - body blue- green, the scales narrowly edged in reddish; a very broad zone of bright blue-green on cheek (from lower edge of orbit to ventral part of abdomen), with a broad extension of this colour passing onto snout and a narrower one onto chin; a broad band of blue-green on dorsal part of thorax, abdomen, and base of anal fin; ventral part of thorax and abdomen orange; dorsal part of head dull blue-green suffused with orange; lips broadly edged with orange; extreme ventral part of head orange; dorsal fin orange with a blue border and a streak of blue along each ray; anal fin blue-green with a band of orange passing from origin of fin to distal ends of last few rays; caudal fin blue-green with an orange band in each lobe; pectoral fins dark purplish; pelvic fins orange with a blue leading edge; dental plates green. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Species of Scarus also having 3 rows of cheek scales, 6 median predorsal scales and 13 branched pectoral fin rays include: S. caudofasciatus, S. ferrugineus, S. ghobban, S. persicus, S. prasiognathos and S. rubroviolaceus; all differ in coloration from S. falcipinnis; the initial phase of S. prasiognathos closely resembles that of S. falcipinnis, but terminal phases differ markedly in coloration. Remaining Scarus species: 2 rows of cheek scales, or if 3, seldom 6 median predorsal scales and 13 branched pectoral fin rays; all differ in coloration. Other genera of Scaridae: narrow dental plates; cheek scales small, in a subtriangular patch (Hipposcarus); dental plates rough to touch (Bolbometopon, Cetoscarus); one row of cheek scales (Calotomus, Leptoscarus); coloration different. SIZE: Maximum: about 40 cm standard length, 3 kg; terminal phase usually longer than 25 cm standard length. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Within the Western Indian Ocean, found along the east African coast between 3° and 15°S, and off Madagascar, the Seychelles and Mauritius. Apparently absent from the Red Sea and Maldive Islands; in the latter locality the closely related S. prasiognathos is present. Associated with coral reefs. A benthic grazer on algae, in shallow water. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Probably caught throughout most of its range. CATCHES, FISHING GEAR AND FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Caught mainly with traps, nets and other kinds of arti- sanal gear. Marketed mostly fresh. SCAR Scar 15 1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: SCARIDAE FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean) Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål, 1775 OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAMES STILL IN USE : Scarus marshalli Schultz, 1958 initial phase VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO : En - Rusty parrotfish terminal phase Fr - Perroquet ronille Sp - Loro orín NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body depth contained 2.5 to 2.8 times in standard length. Upper jaw encloses lower jaw with the mouth closed; teeth fused in upper and lower jaws to form dental plates; plates smooth, the individual teeth only visible at edges; lips covering from 2/3 to almost all of dental plates; 0 to 2 canines posteriorly on upper dental plates, better developed in terminal phase; 6 (occasionally 7) median predorsal scales; 3 rows of cheek scales, with 6 scales in dorsal row, 5 to 7 (usually 6) scales in middle row and 2 to 4 scales in ventral row. Pectoral fins with 13 branched rays; caudal fin rounded in initial phase, becoming double emarginate with caudle lobes slightly produced in terminal phase. Colour: 2 adult colour phases; initial phase - reddish-brown to brown with dark brown bars, shading to yellow on caudal peduncle and fin, dorsal fin dull yellow with indistinct greyish-blue margin on spinous portion; anal and pelvic fins reddish-brown; pectoral fins pale with brownish rays; dental plates green; terminal phase -head orange-yellow with tints of blue; a broad zone of blue-green from eye to front of snout and chin, a pink spot on chin, and another on margin of upper lip; yellow colour of head continuous onto body but is replaced by increasing amounts of blue, scale edges change from yellow to pink, posteriorly blue shades to green with the pink edges being reduced until the caudal peduncle is almost entirely bright green; in the middle of the body adjacent to the pectoral fin tip a slightly paler bar is sometimes present; dorsal and anal fins pink with blue margins; caudal fin purplish-blue centrally with broad blue upper and lower margins and indistinct submarginal bands of pale pink; pectoral fins blue except for orangish streak around rays 3 to 5; pelvic fins salmon with a broad blue leading edge; dental plates green. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Species of Scarus also having 3 rows of cheek scales, 6 median predorsal scales and 13 branched pectoral fin rays include: S.
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