TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1 for all languages yet, but that will be repaired as Hacker's Guide to Amonts and NFSS in soon as someone provides them to me. the Context of UTQX For the Dutch language the behaviour of the Rafal ~bikowski active double quote has been slightly modified. It has been noted that there is a difference between "e, where a 'trerna' should be produced and \"u, where we should get an '~mlaut'.~The difference Abstract between the two is that the 'trerna' should disappear The purpose of this document is to describe briefly at a hyphenation point, whereas the 'umlaut' should A~montsand the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS) not. in the context of LATEX. The issues addressed are as follows. Amonts: What are A~SFonts?Where to get References AJMSFonts from? How to install AmSFonts for I4W? New Font Selection Scheme: What is the New [I] Johannes Braams, Babel, a multzlingual style- Font Selection Scheme (NFSS)? Why to use NFSS? option system for use with Bw's standard Where to get NFSS from? How to install NFSS? How document styles, TUGboat 12 (1991), no. 2. to use NFSS to install A.SFonts for IP'? pp. 291-301. Also: How can NFSS and J~MSFO~~Sbe used in [2] Joachim Schrod, International Bl&X is ready to practice? (Examples.) use, TUGboat 11 (1990), no. 1, pp. 87-90. An attempt is made to answer these questions from the user's point of view as opposed to a (LA)mpert's/designer's. o Johannes Braams PTT Research Neher Laboratories P. 0. Box 421 2260 AK Leidschendam The Netherlands J.L.BraamsOresearch.ptt.nl 1 Amonts This section explains what A~sFontsare, where to get them from and how to install them.
1.1 What are Amonts? AMSFontsl is an additional set of fonts (absent in distributions of TEX and LAW). The most recent version, released in August 1991, is known as d.S- Fonts Version 2.1 .2 Amonts contains over two hundred mathematical symbols (like <, 0,+, :., 0, etc.) and also so-called Euler fonts, e.g. C,E. I. It also has a special alphabet (Blackboard bold) with R for the real numbers, C for complex numbers and so on. Finally, the Russian alphabet (including pre- 1917 characters like e),or cyrillic, is available plus letters needed for Ukrainian, Serbian and Bulgarian. It should be emphasised that, except for cyril- lie, which is a text font, d~montsare designed to extend the available range of symbols and alphabets for mathematics.
AMS stands, obviously, for the American Mathematical Society. Editor's note: 'Trema' (English 'diaeresis') is From now on, when talking about d~monts, the " mark placed over a vowel to indicate its pro- this will mean d~montsVersion 2.1. nounciation in a separate syllable; 'umlaut' indicates a vowel that has undergone linguistic modification TUGboat, Volume 14 (19931,No. 1
1.2 Where to get Amonts from? The original distribution site for A~SFontsis e-math.ams.org (130.44.1.100) occupy ca. eight megabytes in uncompressed form. and the directory is /as available via ftp. 1.2.1 Documentation Users having UNIX-compatible compress (un- Documentation (the &&Fonts Version 2.1 User's compress) and tar (untar) utilities (versions also ex- Guide) can be found in ist for DOS and VMS) can get the following (binary) files3 under the name 632033 amsfonts-sources.tar.Z 76443 tfm-fi1es.tar.Z 2449408 amsfonts118.tar To compile it you need to have the following files 3235840 amsfontsl80.tar amssym . def 3784704 amsfonts240.tar amssym. tex 4907008 cyracc.def amsfonts300.tar userdoc.cyr 6512640 amsfonts400.tar userdoc.def from the ams directory. which covers the whole userdoc.ins distribution together with documentation printable userdoc.fnt with plain l&X. The files amsf onts$$$ .tar (where and also . tfm (from tfm-f iles .tar.Z) and . pk files $$$ is 118 or 180 or 240 or 300 or 400) contain (from amsf onts300.tar or whatever resolution is .pk files, the number $$$ indicating the required appropriate). The subdirectory amsf onts/doc con- printerlpreviewer resolution in dots per inch (dpi). tains by default all userdoc. * files but you can Note that amsfonts$$$.tar are not com- find the first three (i.e. amssym.def, amssym.tex, pressed using UNIX's compress facility. cyracc.def) in the directory amsfonts. Once all Users not having the UNIX-compatible utilities files are gathered, type will have to pull the files from subdirectories prompt> tex userdoc /ams/amsf onts This should compile smoothly and produce /ams/amsf onts/doc userdoc. dvi (41 pages). Provided you put AMS- /ams/amsfonts/pk-files Fonts' .pk files in the place where your previewer /ams/amsf onts/sources (printer) looks for it, you should be able to see /ams/amsfonts/sources/cyrillic (print) it. /ams/amsfonts/sources/euler Read userdoc or at least have a glance at the /ams/amsfonts/sources/extracm provided font tables to get an idea what you can /ams/amsfonts/sources/symbols expect from it. /ams/tfm-files Subdirectory ams/amsf onts/pk-f iles con- tains . pk files, organised in directories according to 1.3 How to install AMonts for Bm? the required printer (previewer) resolution. i.e. It is assumed here that you already have all the files /ams/amsfonts/pk-files/ll8dpi of AMSFonts. Also, you should have a copy of the /ams/amsfonts/pk-files/l80dpi AMsFonts User's Guide printed out. /ams/amsf ont s/pk-f iles/240dpi The User's Guide says almost nothing about /ams/amsf onts/pk-f iles/300dpi installation of A~SFontsfor LA'(see the bottom /ams/amsf onts/pk-f iles/400dpi of page ll), but you should have a copy of it for Files of the A~SFontsdistribution are rather reference. It gives the command names of additional big, even in the compressed form (as seen from the math symbols, among others. above listings). It is recommended to pull only the To use A~SFontssmoothly under LATEX you relevant files (especially the .pk ones). For example, need to get and install the New Font Selection files necessary for a 300dpi installation requiring Scheme (NFSS). This is described below. Numbers indicate sizes (in bytes) of the files. 64 TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1
2 New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS) for and the directory is This section explains what the New Font Selection Scheme is, why to use it, how to install it and, finally, /pub/soft/tex/macros/latex/styles/base/NFSS how to use it together with A~SFonts. Communication with this machine may be not too fast, so be patient. 2.1 What is the New Font Selection Directory Scheme (NFSS)? /pub/soft/tex/macros/latex/styles/base/NFSS The New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS) is a new version of If onts . tex file written by LAWperts contains the following (ASCII text) files Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Schopf. When an old 12718 array.sty lfonts .tex is replaced by the new one and you 4027 basefont.tex recompile your with the new If onts.tex, 11888 concrete.doc you have at your disposal all the commands and 10760 dclfont.sty properties of NFSS. These allow you to load any 8951 euscript.doc nonstandard (and standard, i.e. those coming with 8172 exscale.doc a distribution of and LAW) LAW fonts on 22563 fontdef.dc demand (i.e. when you really want them without 27992 fontdef.max memory-consuming a re loading) both in text and 15338 fontdef.ori math mode. It is much better than the standard 6405 install.mz3 IN$$ solution (see p. 116 and p. 200 of Leslie Lam- 36907 1fonts.new port's BmUser's Guide, Addison-Wesley, Read- 2837 margid. sty ing, Mass., 1985, ISBN 0-201-15790-X). 4831 newlfont.sty Thus, the name NFSS means a set of rules SUBDIRECTORY (\NFSS)-addons for loading fonts that are available to a user who 12881 {\NFSS).bug replaced his/her old 1fonts.tex LATEX file with 40893 (\NFSS).tex the new one coming with the distribution of NFSS. 10224 (\NFSS)inst.tex Also, NFSS has a backward compatibility option. In 9442 (\NFSS)prob.tex actual fact If onts .new consists of NFSS + LATEX 2869 nomargid.sty adaptions. NFSS is by no means restricted to LATEX; 4989 01dlfont.sty it works equally well with plain W, but needs an- 4692 pre1oad.d~ other set of interface macros. This will not be ad- 4570 preload.min dressed here, since this document deals with LAW 4646 preload.ori only. 4125 preload.xpt NFSS is a serious enhancement of LAW offer- SUBDIRECTORY ps(\NFSS> ing a swift, simple and uniform method for using 5381 readme.mz nonstandard (and standard) Ml&X fonts. It is the 3993 readme.mz3 only practicable method of using A~sFontsand 5550 scripts.doc Postscript fonts with Dm. When installed it also 4399 syntonly.sty allows you to use the old font selection scheme. 6650 tracef nt . sty The file to replace If onts . tex is If onts .new which loads f ontdef tex and one of preload. *.5 2.2 Where to get NFSS from? . The files in subdirectories NFSS-addons and psNFSS The original distributing ftp site4 for NFSS is To install LAW, Inim should be run. 129.69.1.12 When Inim is run with 1plain.tex as the in- Note that the node has two equivalent names: either put file a point is reached when wants to ftp.uni-stuttgart.de (129.69. I. 12) read in If onts . tex. Here If onts .new should or be specified instead. At some point in process- ing If ont s .new Iniwwill ask for xxxlf ont . sty, The archive at Stuttgart is accessible by which does not The appearance of the as under the address name xxxlf ont .sty in the source of lfonts.new [email protected] is a convenient stop to allow the choosing one of TUGboat. Volume 14 (1993). No. 1 65 do not belong to the proper distribution of NFSS and will not be described here. It is not essential. but helpful (especially for future use), to get a copy of the AMS-LAW manual, whose 2.2.1 Documentation of NFSS Part I1 (pages 4-17) describes in detail the usage and principles of NFSS. It also gives valuable clues Documentation of the New Font Selection Scheme about using Aeontsvia NFSS. To get this ftp to (NFSS) is composed of three parts: NFSS. tex. a copy of the original article, published in TUGboat. e-math.ams.org (130.44.1.100) by Mittelbach and Schopf; NFSSinst . tex, installa- and get the (binary) file tion guide: NFSSprob . tex, possible problems (and 588389 amslatex.tar. Z fixes) that may occur during installation. from directory These are ordinary LAW files (requiring a LAW version not older than the Dec. 91 release6), /ams but NFSS . tex makes use of array. sty (provided or pull files from directory with the NFSS distribution) and twocolum.sty (provided with recent LAW distributions; note the and its subdirectories name of the file: without 'n'). You should be able to print out the documentation (see below), but read /ams/amslatex/doc readme.mz3 first. /ams/amslatex/f ontsel To compile NFSS. tex many varieties of Com- /ams/amslatex/inputs puter Modern Sans Serif font are required. so it is /ams/amslatex/latex advisable to have the appropriate . tf m and . pk files These will give the whole distribution of AMS- ready before typing: LATEX, which is not needed to print out the prompt> latex C\NFSS) AMS-LA~manual. To get this go to subdirec- tory /ams/amslatex/doc to find file amslatex. tex. It will report errors unless a recent version of LAW This document can be processed using ordinary is used or when sans serif fonts are missing. The LAW. To generate it type first type of error is fatal; the second can be over- come by pressing
the three options: oldlf ont . sty, newlf ont . sty, basef ont .tex. For details read NFSSinst . tex. 2.3 How to install NFSS? The most recent version (25 March 1992> is The best answer to this question is contained in the available from archive in Stuttgart (129.69.1 .I21 file NFSSinst . tex, which comes with the distribu- from directory /pub/soft/tex/macros/latex; also tion of NFSS. See also footnote 5. archive Niord. SHSU.edu offers it via ftp (read C . LATEX] 0000README. FTP-USERS) or by mail (send a message to FILESERVQSHSU.edu with the body SENDME LaTeX) . 66 TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1
3 How can NFSS and Amonts be used DEFINITION.Let X be a non-empty set. Then in practice? the pair (X, 0) is called a topological space iff Here several examples are provided grouped in two 1. X is open, sections. To compile them NFSS was installed to- 2. 0 J is open, gether with A~sonts.The fontdef option, chosen 3. 0 is an open family of subsets of X, i.e. f ontdef .ma.. when installing NFSS, was (a) V0, E 0 the intersection of a finite number of members of 0, i.e. n:=, 0,, is open, 3.1 Amonts and NFSS in Math Mode (b) 'do, E 0 the union (finite or infinite) of This section shows examples of defining fonts for use members of 0, i.e. UzO=,0,, is open. in math mode using NFSS. The fonts employed are The family 0 is called a topology on X. those provided with the package AMsFonts. These are Example 2 [Here Euler fraktur \eufm is used for the capital A, 0 Euler fraktur. Euler roman \eurm for the capital J; the symbol of Euler roman, (non-strict) precedence \preccurlyeq comes from Euler script, the extra math symbols A font (file msam) . ] 0 University of Washington cyrillic, PROPOSITION.Let (A, 6)J be a well-ordered and also Blackboard bold. It is shown here how to set. Then the family U of all initial segments of A. use all the fonts both in normal and bold versions i.e. 2l = {J c Al tix, y E A ((y E J) A (x 6 y)) 3 (except for Blackboard bold, which doesn't have a (x E J)}, together with the relation C is also a well- bold version). ordered set. The following commands are defined \eufm for Euler fraktur medium (as opposed to Example 3 bold), [Here University of Washington cyrillic \cyr is used (for the Russian 'Sh' letter) and the solid Halmos' \eurm for Euler roman medium, symbol \blacksquare comes from the extra math 0 \eusm for Euler script medium, symbols A font (file msam) . ] 0 \cyr for University of Washington cyrillic NOTATION.We shall denote by UI the Sha- medium. farevich group and we shall use m~,. . . , m, for its There is also a predefined one: \Bbb (see Example subgroups. IJ 4). Their effective definitions are shown at the end of this section. To make use of the above-mentioned Example 4 fonts the following style files should be loaded [Here the use of the bold mode of Euler ro- amsbsy. sty man \eurm is shown via the \boldsymbol com- amstext . sty mand, e.g. $\boldsymbol{\eurm{x))$ to get x. cyracc. def Also the Blackboard bold font \Bbb, defined in amsfonts. sty, is used to denote the set of real This document also makes use of amssymb. sty and amsf onts . sty to take full advantage of the extended numbers. Finally, two extra symbols are displayed: \blacktriangleright \bigstar, math symbols set provided by AJMSFonts. The use and both from msam).] of an extra symbol is marked by J , itself a (non- the extra math symbols A font (file J mathematical) symbol from A~monts. EXERCISE.Let f (x, y) = 0 be given with x E Rn and y E Rm. State a sufficient condition for the existence of g:Rn -+ Rm, such that y = g(x) 3.1.1 Examples (The Implicit Function Theorem). * J This section shows four simple examples of usage of 3.1.2 Commands' definitions the commands in math mode. The command \Bbb is defined in the file amsf onts . sty. Also a counterpart of \euf m is pre- Example 1 defined in amsf onts . sty as \f rak. [Here Euler script is used for the capital 0,through The verbatim definitions used in this document a \eusm command, and the symbol for the empty set look as follows. \varnothing is used from the extra math symbols % The following commands should produce B font (file msbm). ] % proper results. To understand how to TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1 67
% type Russian when using cyracc.def see those provided with the d~montspackage.7 These % the {\AmS)Fonts user's guide are % (section 'Cyrillic input', pp. 15--16). 0 Euler fraktur, 0 Euler roman, \newmathalphabet{\eufm) \addtoversion{normal) % Euler 0 Euler script, (\eufm)Ceuf){m)Cn) % fraktur. 0 Blackboard bold, \addtoversionCbold) % Euler 0 University of Washington cyrillic. C\euf m)Ceuf )Cb)Cn> % fraktur bold. It is shown here how to use all (but Blackboard bold) % Define command \eufm as Euler fraktur the fonts in both normal and bold versions. % font to be used in math mode. The following commands are defined for Euler % It is already defined in fonts amsf onts .sty as rak. % \f 0 \teufm for Euler fraktur normal, 0 \teufb for Euler fraktur bold, \newmathalphabet{\eurm) 0 \teurm \addtoversion(normal) % Euler for Euler roman normal, C\eurm)CeurHm)Cn) % roman. 0 \teurb for Euler roman bold, \addtoversion~bold) % Euler 0 \teusm for Euler script normal, C\eurm)Ceur)Cb)Cn) % roman bold. 0 \teusb for Euler script bold, % Define command \eurm as Euler roman and also \tBbb for Blackboard bold. Also a set of % font to be used in math mode. commands is introduced for University of Washing- ton cyrillic \newmathalphabetC\eusm) 0 \tcyrm for Univ. of Washington cyrillic nor- \addtoversionCnormal) % Euler mal, C\eusm)Ceus)Cm)Cn) % script. \addtoversionCbold) % Euler 0 \tcyrb for Univ. of Washington cyrillic bold, C\eusm)Ceus)Cb)Cn) % script bold. 0 \tcyrit for Univ. of Washington cyrillic italic, % Define command \eusm as Euler script 0 \tcyrsc for Univ. of Washington cyrillic small % font to be used in math mode. caps. Their effective definitions are shown at the end of \inputCcyracc.def) % This file is needed this document. To make use of the cyrillic fonts the % for cyrillic fonts. file cyracc . def is needed.
\newmathalphabet{\cyr) 3.2.1 Examples of Euler fonts and \addtoversionCnormal) % UW Blackboard Bold C\cyr)iUWCyr)CmHnl % cyrillic This section shows simple examples of usage of Euler \addtoversion{bold) % UW fonts and Blackboard bold in text mode. C\cyr)IWCyrHb)in) % cyrillic bold The string 'JOHN SMITH is my name.' (with a % Define command \cyr as dot at the end) will be generated using the relevant % University of Washington (UW) Cyrillic commands defined above. to be used in math mode. % 1. Euler fraktur normal; command \teufm 334%69JlJ%j is mg name. % To get bold in math use command 2. Euler fraktur bold; command \teufb % \boldsymbolC) provided by amsbsy.sty 3DSjrt 6'332JZSj is mt) name. % file. See examples in text. 3. Euler roman normal; command \teurm 3.2 Examples of application of NFSS to JOHN SMITH is my name Text Mode It should be emphasised that d~&'I?onts,other This section shows examples of defining fonts for use than cyrillic, are meant for math mode only, i.e. they in text mode using NFSS. The fonts employed are do not have punctuation, numbers, ligatures, etc. However, any font intended for text use will give nice results with NFSS. The examples here serve as a 'template' for user-defined font-loading commands and Amonts as an illustration of fonts (mis)use. TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1
Euler roman bold; command \teurb for any others. This means that in any other case a JOHN SMITH is my name definition should terminate with \selectf ont. Euler script normal: command \teusm % The following commands 2OKNSM3TX \ % (with the exception of Cyrillic fonts) Euler script bold; command \teusb % can produce imperfect output due to ~(33CNSM3~C\ % the lack of punctuation, numbers, Blackboard bold; command \tBbb % ligatures etc. in the source files JOHN SMIITW 3- >n~3>r % defining them.
The reason for this strange output will become clear 000LLL Euler fonts in text mode. %%% after looking at the font tables provided by User's Guide to AJVrSFonts Version 2.1 on pp. 35-37. \newcommand{\teufm){\fontfamily{euf)% 3.2.2 Examples of University of \fontseries{m)\fontshape{n)\selectfont~ Washington (UW) Cyrillic % Define command \teufm as Euler fraktur % font to be used in text mode. This section shows simple examples of usage of Uni- versity of Washington cyrillic fonts in text mode. \newcommand{\teufb){\fontfamilyCeuf)% The string 'Mikhail Gorbachev.' (with a dot at \fontseries{b)\fontshape{n)\selectfont) the end) will be generated using the relevant com- % Define command \teufb as bold Euler mands defined above % fraktur font to be used in text mode. 1. UW cyrillic normal; command \tcyrm % This can also be achieved by M~lxakinrop6aue~. % typing \bf \teufm. Alternatively: {\tcyr Mikhail Gorbach\"ev.) \newcommandC\teurm)C\f ontf amily(eur)% 2. UW cyrillic bold: command \tcyrb \f ontseries{m)\f ontshape{n)\selectf ont) MLIX~JII'op6aqe~. % Define command \teurm as Euler roman Alternatively : % font to be used in text mode. \renewcommand{\bfdefault)o {\bf\tcyr Mikhail Gorbach\"ev.) \newcommand{\teurb){\fontfamily{eur3% 3. UW cyrillic italic; command \tcyrit \fontseries{b)\fontshape{n)\selectfont) Muxau~rop6auee. % Define command \teurb as bold Euler Alternatively: % roman font to be used in text mode. {\it\tcyr Mikhail Gorbach\"ev.) % This can also be achieved by 4. UW cyrillic small caps; command \tcyrsc % typing \bf\teurm. MMxAMJ~ ~OPBAYEB. Alternatively: \newcommand{\teusm){\fontfamily(eus)% {\sc\tcyr Mikhail Gorbach\"ev.) \fontseries{m)\fontshape{n~\selectfont) % Define command \teusm as Euler script To obtain the special cyrillic characters e, el i, % font to be used in text mode. i'' E, h,k, 7,I,I, x,b, s the command \cyracc. de- cyracc.def fined in is needed (see User's Guide to \newcommand{\teusb){\fontfamily~us)% AMSFonts Version 2.1 pp. 14-16). The best strat- \f ontseries{b)\f ontshape{n)\selectf ont) egy is to include \cyracc in the definitions of the % Define command \teusb as bold Euler cyrillic font commands, as shown below in the defini- % script font to be used in text mode. \tcyr. \tcyrm, \tcyrb, \tcyrit, tions of and % This can also be achieved by \tcyrsb. % typing \bf \teusm . 3.2.3 Commands' definitions \newcommand{\tBbb){\fontfamily(msb)% The commands involving University of Washington \fontseries{m)\fontshape{n)\selectfont~ cyrillic rely heavily on the file cyracc . def. Note % Define command \tBbb as Blackboard bold \cyracc that command was added at the end of % to be used in text mode. Math mode is each definition to allow smooth use of the accented % defined in file amssymb.sty. characters of the cyrillic font. The addition is rel- evant to this font only and is not necessary PO0 AMS LkL Cyrillic in text mode. %%% TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1
Acknowledgements \input{cyracc.def) % This file is needed Thanks to Barbara Beeton, Bobby Bodenheimer, % for cyrillic fonts. Guoying Chen. Michael Downes, George Green- wade, and Rainer Schopf for their contributions to \newcommand{\t cyr)C\f ontf amily{UWCyr)% the document. They enhanced it substantially and \selectfont\cyracc) did a superb job to make it error-free. The respon- % Define font family only. Fontshape must sibility for any remaining bugs or inaccuracies falls be switched using \it or \sc commands. % entirely on me. The information provided was compiled in the \newcommand{\tcyrm)C\f ontf amily{UWCyr)% end of June 1992 and updated in February 1993. \fontseries{m)% \fontshape{n~\selectfont\cyracc) o Rafal ~bikowski % Define command \tcyrm as Univ. of Control Group % Washington cyrillic to be used in Dept. of Mechanical Engineering % text mode. This can also be achieved James Watt Building % by typing \tcyr. University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, UK \fontseries{b)% rafalDrnech.gla.ac.uk \fontshape{n)\selectfont\cyracc) Define command \tcyrb as bold Univ. of Washington cyrillic to be used in text mode. This can also be achieved by typing \bf\tcyr, provided \bfdefault is changed (see " {\AmS}-{\LaTeX) Version 1.1 User's Guide", Section 5.6, pp. 7--8 and Table 5, p. 14) . {\AmS)Fonts give only wncyb ('b' for 'bold') and *not* wncybx ('bx' for 'bold extended' ) .
\newcommand{\tcyrit>~\fontfamilyCUWCyr)% \fontseries{m)% \fontshape{it)\selectfont\cyracc) % Define command \tcyrit as italic Univ. % of Washington Cyrillic to be used in % text mode. This can also be achieved % by typing \it\tcyr.
\f ontseries{m)% \fontshape{sc)\selectfont\cyracc) Define command \tcyrsc as small caps Univ. of Washington Cyrillic to be used in text mode. This can also be achieved by typing \sc\tcyr