TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988),No. 2
The Many Faces of latest version of the article to score stanf ord edu. A Survey of Digital ~ETRfonts where it ends up as WUJASTYK TXH in the direc- Dominik Ct'ujastyk tory TEX TEXHAX. This way. people will know from whaxwhether there is enough new stuff for it to Contents be worth downloading the whole article afresh. Introduction I would be grateful for any relevant information Computer Modern that is not already mentioned and. of course. for Devanagari any corrections. While keeping the memo reason- Tamil ably concise. I have given all the useful information Telugu that I currently have. I have also given everything I Perso- Arabic know about how to get more information about each Hebrew font. so follow those leads rather than contacting me Greek directly. in the first instance. Cyrillic This article is made up of information given to Turkish me by others. both in person and through general Japanese publication in TVGboat. Whax and the net. My Chinese sincere thanks to all the contributors. International Phonetic Alphabet 2 Computer Modern Elvish Georgia Tobin It may seem odd to start with Computer lCIodern Blackboard Bold (CM).the typeface family that most 'Q,X users use APL most of the time. since it was created side by side AMSFonts Package with w,and is included in all distributions of T#. Custom Fonts & Pandora Nevertheless. I feel that there is an important point Bitstream Font Family to be made about CM Times Roman in METRFONT W-hen Knuth developed METRFONT. one of the Lucida central ideas of the whole project was that of produc- Icelandic ing parametrued typefaces In Douglas Hofstadter's OCR-A memorable phrase. METRFONT is a 'knobbed cat- Miscellaneous egory machine". and when Pnuth announced the 26 The Postscript Question capabilities of METRFONT to the world in L7zszble Language it was precisely this parametrization that 1 Introduction he emphasized and demonstrated so brilliantl~.~ This article seeks to give a reasonably complete sur- Later on. Knuth explained that the whole inspira- vey of the fonts and METRfonts that are currently tion for METRFONT had arisen from the three ideas available for use with TJ$. Although I have been pri- of pens. parameters and programs Hofstadter ar- marily interested in cataloguing fonts designed with gued. wrongly I think. that this idea contained basic METAFONT. I also wanted to include information flaws. and that some of Knuth's implications about about any other fonts that have been successfully using METRFONT to generate different typefaces by used with TEX. i.e.. fonts with Font Metric files. twiddling the 'knobs' of a single underlying typeface and a mechanism for the creation of the appropriate 'Douglas R. Hofstadter. 'Metafont, Metamath- ligatures and kerning pairs. be it within the TFM file, ematics and Metaphysics: comments on Donald or by means of a preprocessor. Knuth's Article "The Concept of a Meta-Font" '. I first started compiling this article late in 1987. Vzszble Language 16 (1982)- 309-338. This article. as a note to myself and my immediate Indological and selectioris from the discussion which it engen- colleagues. But it seemed little extra work to in- dered in the pages of Vzszble Language (henceforth clude more information in it about other fonts that VL).were republished as chapter 13 of Hofstadter's I had heard of. and doing this greatly widened its Metamagzcal Themas (New York. 1986~). usefulness to w users in general. But you may 2.The Concept of a Meta-Font', VL 16 (1982), still detect a slight Indic leaning. 3-27. For those with access to the academic computer 3Donald E. Knuth. 'Lessons Learned frorn Meta- networks. I post information about revisions of this font'. VL 19 (1985). 35-53. article to mhaxfrom time to time, and send the 132 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 description were mi~leadin~.~Knuth made it clear 3 DevanSgari that he had never meant to imply that all typefaces Devanagari is the alphabet used for writing and could usefully be combined into one single METAfont printing Sanskrit, Hindi and several other languages (although he did not actually deny the feasibility of of South Asia, both ancient and modern. such an endeavor), and again emphasized the de- sirability of trying to incorporate variability into a 3.1 Knuth design.5 As far as I know. Donald Knuth coded the first De- In view of the vigor with which Knuth has vanagari character to be created with METRFONT. maintained the idea of parametrization, both in dis- This was the single syllable la. which Matthew cussion and in the actual implementation of Com- Carter gave to Knuth in 1980 as a challenge to puter Modern, I am very surprised that the following test the capabilities of the then nascent METAFONT. survey of EX fonts does not include a single exam- The smoke proof of the character, and several in- ple of a new typeface created from CM by changing teresting remarks about the experience, were pub- its parameters. In Knuth's own hands. CM is ut- lished as *MyFirst Experience with Indian Scripts', terly plastic, as was demonstrated so startlingly in in CALTIS-84: Special Issue on Calligraphy, Letter- his article 'The Concept of a Meta-Font' referred to ong & Typogruphy of Indian Scripts, (Proceedings of above, and by the inclusion of such fonts as Com- a Delhi 1984 conference). puter Modern Funny Roman (CMFF). Unslanted Text Italic (CMU), and the delightful CMFIB (which uses the 3.2 Ghosh Fibonacci series for the ratios of several of the CM An early Devanagari font was designed with old parameters) in the standard distributions of CM. METAFONT (MF-in-SAIL) by P. K. Ghosh during a But none of us has taken up the challenge, implicit visit to Stanford in 1982-83. Ghosh published what in the 62 parameters of CM, to produce a new face he had done as Stanford Computer Science Report for general distribution. It would be very nice, for 965: An Approach to Type Design and Text Compo- example, to produce a full set of CMFIB, with bold. sition in Indian Scripts (Stanford. 1984). One of the slanted. italic, typewriter and other versions. And valuable aspects of this work was that Ghosh worked someone should pick up the gauntlet thrown down from Devanagari characters designed and drawn for by Hofstadter, and try to produce a Times Roman, him by the famous Bombay calligrapher R. K. Joshi. or a Baskerville or some other familiar face from the Drawings of these. on a grid, are published in the CM programs. Knuth has said that we should not Report. Unfortunately, Ghosh's work was done in blindly copy the old masters, without trying to un- a now superseded version of METAFONT, and was derstand why they produced what they did.6 How not fully worked out at the keyboard level. It also interesting it might be, then, to try to manipulate lacked a number of the conjunct consonant clusters the parameters of CM to produce a different, but necessary for fine Indian typography. The report. recognizable family of faces. And if the experiment however, remains of considerable interest for gen- failed. the reasons why it did so would themselves eral background. The source code is available at the be of great interest. The first sentences of the Intro- University of Washington, through Pierre MacKay duction to Computer Modern Typefaces are: (address below), and presumably at Stanford (try Infinitely many alphabets can be generated Emma Pease). Ghosh has said explicitly that he by the programs in this book. All you has no objection to others doing further work on it. have to do is assign values to 62 param- eters and fire up the METAFONT system; Contact then presto - out comes a new font of type. If you wish to contact Ghosh he can be reached at Let's do it, but of course in the best possible taste! the following address: National Centre for Software Technology, 4I agree with the refutation by Geoffrey Samp- Gulmohar Cross Road 9, son, 'Is Roman Type an Open-Ended System: A Re- Juhu, Bombay 400 049, sponse to Douglas Hofstadter' VL 17 (1983), 410- India. 412, in spite of Hofstadter's reply in pages 413-416 of the same issue. 3.3 Velthuis VL 17 (1983), 417. The only fully worked out version of Devanagari 'VL 17 (1983), 417. presently available is that of Frans Velthuis. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
The Font The Netherlands. In November 1987, Frans Velthuis completed ver- Bitnet: velthuisGhgrrug5 sion 1.0 of a Devanagari METAfont for W. He has Further information written METAFONT code for all the aksaras (syllabic characters) necessary for Hindi. and most of those A note about Velthuis's Devanagari font appeared for Sanskrit too. although in the latter case some in whax, 1987, issue 93. Velthuis intends to pub- viramas are used. Frans intends to produce a spe- lish a full account of his font in a future issue of cial Sanskrit version of his font in the future. Also TUGboat. included are the Devaniigari numerals. anusvara, 4 Tamil virarna. danda, candrabindu. visarga. avagraha, full stop. and the superscript abbreviation circle. 4.1 Arthanari According to Emma Pease (network response on 10 Usage November 1987 to my query in whax 1987, is- You prepare your or I4W file normally, and sue 93) a basic set of Tamil characters for TEX was mark any Hindi portions, typed in a simple Ro- designed and created by T. S. Arthanari when he man transliteration, with a font marker, thus: {\dn was at Stanford from May to July. 1985. Emma has . . .). At the top of the TEX file you \input a file the source code but does not want to distribute it called DNMACS; in IPW, a DEV . STY file is provided further without his knowledge. which inputs the necessary macros, and automat- ically makes appropriate font size changes. Frans The Font provides a preprocessor, DEVNAG, available compiled There are approximately 160 characters in several for several systems, or in Pascal or C, which reads styles written in a pre-release version of the current your file and converts the Hindi transliteration into METAFONT. Emma has only tried producing char- the appropriate codes for Frans's font. The con- acters for one style but had little difficulty in doing verted file is then processed by TEX or in the so (a few commands had changed). They are rough normal way, and the resulting DVI file can be printed but look fairly good. using a standard DVI output program. The portions of Hindi text originally in Roman transliteration will Contact be printed in Devaniigari, with full use of conjunct T. S. Arthanari's last known address was: consonants (sandhyaksaras), etc. Quality Informatics Labs, Ltd., 312, P. M. G. Complex. Quality 57. South Usman Road, The quality of the typeface is excellent. with full Madras, 600 017, India. calligraphic molding of the curves and loops. like I wrote to Mr. Arthanari in December 1987 to some of the best handwriting of manuscript scribes ascertain his intentions concerning his work. and es- using a broad nib. pecially to learn whether he is willing and able to allow the source code of his Tamil font to be dis- Terms of Availability tributed as public domain software. There has been. Frans will sell a set of four or five sizes of the De- as yet, no reply. A colleague is visiting Madras in a vaniigari fonts, at the printer resolution you specify few weeks, and will try to make contact with him. (Epson-type 9 pin matrix, 24 pin matrix (180 x 180, 360 x 360, 180 x 360), write-white laser, or write- 4.2 Ramanujan black laser), together with the compiled code (spec- The Font ify VAX/VMS, SUN, Cyber, IBM/PC, Atari ST) According to information received by e-mail from of the text preprocessor DEVNAG, for $119. The Pierre MacKay (Fri Jan 22, 1988). Ramanujan, a METAFONT source programs are not at present be- graduate student who worked at Washington two ing made generally available. years ago, designed a Tamil font in METAFONT84 Contact (I think). According to Pierre, the problem with this, as with Ghosh's Devaniigari. is that it was ar- Frans J. Velthuis, bitrarily developed in a framework that bears no Nyensteinheerd 267, relation to the monotype-based character grid used 9736 TV Groningen, for Computer Modern. i.e.. the characters do not sit in a box or on a baseline that relates in an appro- 134 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 priate manner to CM; this is unfortunate, since it ugu typefaces are not good, tending to be very heavy makes it almost unusable in an environment with along the baseline, which is hard on eyes. So they CM. Moreover, it does not make much use of the are not keen on imitating existing typefaces, and will macro capabilities of METAFONT. probably create their own. A note from Lakshmi in May 1988 said that 4.3 Ridgeway and Schiffman she and her husband have now started working full After a thorough evaluation of the Ramanujan char- time on the Telugu fonts using METAFONT, and they acters. the Humanities and Arts Computing Center expect to start coding METAFONT programs in the at the University of Washington decided that it was second week of June. They are at present deciding better to begin again. Dr. Thomas Ridgeway, direc- on parameters, and the characters for which META- tor of the Center, in consultation with Prof. Harold FONT programs are to be written. They are also Schiffman of the Department of Asian Languages, concerned about how to incorporate context analysis has almost completed a fully vowelled METAFONT logic in the form of T&$ macros. Entering text in for Tamil. It will be tested during the summer, and Roman transliteration and preprocessing the text should be ready for release in early fall 1988, to- for input to w does not seem very attractive to gether with some sort of macro package to make it them. although, in the absence of widely available usable from a Latin-letter keyboard. customizable terminals that could cope with Telugu, Characters are arranged in the font in rough they may be forced down this path. alphabetical order, starting from position zero. We Another point of concern is their desire to use have not found any other coding system which seems the ISCII standard (a version of ASCII for Indian definite enough to use as a model. The Tamil pho- languages). This is the only really widely published netic subset of ISCII does not provide nearly enough standard for the arrangement of the characters of character positions. It is expected that with this as Indian languages in a font grid, and I suspect that with many other non-Latin fonts some sort of input all creators of Indic fonts should be using it as far preprocessor will be used to mediate between the as possible. code used for text-editing and the 'I$$ font coding. Contact Contact Lakshmankumar Mukkavilli or Dr. Thomas Ridgeway. Director Lakshmi Mukkavilli, Humanities and Arts Computing Center 226 Comput,er Science, Mail Stop DW-10 Iowa State University, University of Washington Ames IA 50011, USA. Seattle, WA 98195, USA Phone: (515) 296-7808 Phone: (206) 543-6259 CSnet: 1akshmiQatanasoff . cs . iastate . edu Net: mackayQ j une . cs . washington.edu Uucp: lakshmi ! atanasof f 4.4 Other Developments 5.2 Other Developments T. K. Rengarajan, a software engineer (Database E-Mail from K. Sankara Rao in March 1988 indi- Systems, Digital Equipment Corporation), e-mailed cates his similar intention to implement a Telugu me on Fri 5 Feb. 1988. and mentioned that he may font in METAFONT. He can be contacted at: do a METRFONT Tamil. He can be contacted at: Department of Electrical Engineering Net: ranga%debit.DECQdecwrl.dec.com North Dakota State University Fargo, ND 58105, USA. 5 Telugu Bitnet: nu043109Qndsuvml 5.1 Mukkavilli 6 Perso-Arabic The Font 6.1 MacKay Recent mail from Lakshmi Mukkavilli indicates her intention, together with her husband Lakshmanku- Pierre A. MacKay (TUG Site Coordinator for Unix- mar Mukkavilli, to implement a Telugu script font in flavored 'I$$) and the Washington team have been METRFONT. Their work on this font will intensify working on an Arabic implementation of 'I$$ for during the summer of 1988. Incidentally, they are some years. Their plans are ambitious, and include looking for a good Telugu calligrapher and would building a customized version of Tj$, called w- welcome suggestions. In their opinion, existing Tel- XQ, which has a built-in capability for handling TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 bidirectional text. Details of this change to TEX Terms of Availability were published by Don Knuth and Pierre MacKay It is likely that the Arabic fonts and macros may be in TUGboat 8, issue 1. This is an active project. distributed on similar terms to the Hebrew; see the but MacKay says wistfully that Arabic remains a Hebrew section. long-term dream. Contact Terms of Availability For Prof. Goldberg's address see under Hebrew. W-X@ can be compiled with the C compiler using WEB-to-C and the change file Cxet . ch, both of which 6.3 Other Developments are part of the Unix TFJ distribution. Several sites See also the bitmap Arabic (?) fonts distributed by have actually made use of the reflection primitives, the Austin Code Works. and Larry Denenberg of BBN has rewritten the dvi2ps device driver to do the correct things with 7 Hebrew right-to-left text. The Denenberg dvi2ps is vastly 7.1 Goldberg superior to the old dvi2ps in many other ways, and it will become a part of the distribution very shortly. On Monday. 18 Jan 1988, and again on 15 Feb 1988. (The driver is available as an FTP file from the pub Jacques J. Goldberg wrote to TFJhax (1988, issues directory on june . cs . washington. edu. Look for 7 and 15), giving details of a package giving the Id-dvi2ps. tar.Z.) WEB-to-C is also available as the capability of printing Hebrew. He said that an arti- file web2c.tar. Z, along with Cxet . ch.Z. cle is currently being written about the package. for submission to TUGboat. Contact The Font Pierre MacKay, Department of Computer Science, FR-35, Goldberg says that the package comprises: University of Washington, a set of fonts at 8. 9. 10, 12. 17 points in regu- Seattle, WA 98195, USA. lar type, 10 points slanted and bold, and any Phone: (206) 545-23861543-6259. magnification on request (1000 off the shelf). Net: MacKayQJune.cs.Washington.edu a 100% portable preprocessor written in C (MSDOS users who do not have a compiler 6.2 Goldberg can get the . COM file). On Monday, 18 Jan 1988, and again on 15 Feb 1988, a small set of TFJ macros. Jacques J. Goldberg wrote to Whax (1988, issues a sample file. 7 and 15), giving details of a package giving the capability of printing Hebrew. He said that an arti- Usage cle is currently being written about the package, for Hebrew words in Roman transliteration are inserted submission to TUGboat (see under Hebrew). At either by typing first-typed-last-read with the font the same time he included a brief note referring to invoked, which is a pain but 'displays' in natural a nearly completed Arabic font. reading order, or by typing first typed first read as argument of the \reflect macro given by Knuth The Font D. and P. MacKay. TUGboat 8 (1987), p. 14. Long He- Goldberg said, brew sequences are typed, in first-typed-first-read An Arabic font is three characters away order, within delimiters. The preprocessor copies from completion, but the MetaFounders are non Hebrew sequences to an auxiliary file. Hebrew near midyear exams and unpaid, so the sequences are parsed into words, and written to the Arabic font might show up around mid auxiliary file one word at a time after each word has March [1988]. (To be precise, their font is been reflected. TFJ is then invoked on the file con- Parsi, and some limited work is needed to taining the macro package, which itself \inputs the extend it to full Arabic). . . . This needs no auxiliary files, feeding TFJ with either normal En- change either in or in DVI drivers: a glish input or \lines{ ) adjusted by the macro to simple preprocessing of the TEX input file the optimal number of Hebrew words. and a small additional macro package do it. Quality
Goldberg is - I suspect unnecessarily - diffident about the quality of the fonts. He calls them 'ugly 136 TUGboat; Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 fonts not good for anything else than Office docu- 8 Greek ments (drafts. reports. . . .)'. 8.1 Levy Future development The Font Goldberg is looking for a convenient table represent- Regular. bold. and typewriter versions of the Greek ing the 22 Hebrew letters by Roman letters. Then alphabet have been coded in METQFONT84 by Silvio the preprocessor could translate to standard ASCII Levy of Princeton. starting from the Greek character the character codes used in Israel with their special set created by Don Knuth as part of the CM fam- Hebrew terminals. so that anybody with an English- ily, but with all accents, breathings. correct spacing. only terminal could write in Hebrew. ligatures. and macros to implement a convenient Ro- man transliteration for input. The font is suitable Terms of Availability for both classical and modern Greek. Goldberg says. Full details and illustrations of the use of the I do not expect any fee from individuals. fonts have been given by Silvio Levy in his two pub- but I would be happy if institutions that lications: may use this package would later voluntar- 'Typesetting Greek', in T&3 Users Group Eaghth ily contribute $25 to $50 [payable to the Annual Meetzng: Conference Proceedzngs. Treasurer of the University] to help my edited by Dean Guenther (Providence: TUG. Department . . . pay students employed on 1988), 27-33. font development. 'Using Greek Fonts with WX'.TUGboat 9 (1988). He later added. 20-24. All that project is stored and freely avail- Terms of Availability able on a Bitnet server. To get the whole package. send an interactive message GET Silvio Levy has released his Greek fonts freely. with- IVRITEX PACKAGE to LISTSERV@TAUNIVM. out charge (and without any warranty). He main- Arpanet or other nets not interactively con- tains an electronic mailing list of interested parties. nected to Bitnet. just send a MAIL file to and the METQFONT source is available to Arpanet that address. with the request GET IVRITEX users by anonymous FTP from princeton.edu. PACKAGE in the first line (not Subject) of the Contact message. Other useful commands to that server are: Silvio Levy, Math Department. Fine Hall. GET IVRITEX FILELIST to get a directory Princeton University. of the project, and Washington Road. INFO FILES to get instructions how to sign Princeton. NJ 08544. USA. up for automatic updates. Phone: (609) 452-5790 Contact Net: [email protected] Prof. Jacques J. Goldberg. 8.2 Kelly Department of Physics. Issue 14 of UKW 1988 (Fri. May 20). the UK's Technion-City, answer to whax. put out from Aston by Peter 32000 Haifa, Israel. Abbott (abbottpaaston.ac . uk.bitnet), carried a Bitnet: phrOOj gatechnion notice by Christopher P. Andrasic (of Cranfield) re- If you are not on Bitnet. try: porting some Greek fonts. phrOOjg%technion.bitnet at forsythe.stanford.edu The Fonts 7.2 Other Developments Brian Hamilton Kelly (also at Cranfield) created these Greek fonts using METAFONT84. The META- See also the experimental Hebrew font described un- FONT sources of the non-Math Greek fonts are der the heading Georgia Tobin, and the bitmaps contained in the files CMGI 10.MF , CMGTTIO.MF, distributed by the Austin Code Works. CMGIO . MF , CMG810.MF. and GRKTXT . MF. As far as I know. there are no nlacros or preprocessor offered for implementing the font at the keyboard level. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 137
Terms of Availability .The Ottoman Texts Project' in Tfl CTsers Group These fonts are being offered for general, free release. Ezghth ilnnual Meetzng: Conference Proceed- They are available for FTP within the UK. from the zngs, edited by Dean Guenther (Pro~idence: directory publlc mff iles of the UKWarchive at TUG. 1988). 35-52. Aston. Pierre also wrote on Turkish Hyphenations for GY' in TCGboat 9 (1988). 12-14. See also the note in Contact TC'Gboat 8 (1987). 260. Christopher P. Andrasic Contact Net: rmOOIa@uk ac . cranf leld cdvc For Prof. MacKay's address. see under Arabic. 9 Cyrillic 11 Japanese 9.1 MacKay In order to typeset Japanese text it is insufficient Pierre MacKay reports that the Washington tearn is merely to have a Japanese font. There are sev- working on Old Russian (more or less Old Church eral problems, including the very large size of the Slavonic, but specifically designed for the Slovo). Japanese character set. which mean that a modi- Contact fied implementation of the QY system as a whole is necessary. For Prof. MacKay's address. see under Arabic. Some of the issues concerned in using for 9.2 MF Slavic Family typesetting Japanese were surveyed by Nobuo Saito and Kazuhiro Kitagawa of Keio University. Yoko- This family of Cyrillic fonts is described under hama: Georgia Tobin. 'What Should We Do for Japanese mX'. in DY 9.3 AMS Users Group Eighth Annual .Veeting: Con- The American Mathematical Society has developed ference Proceedings. edited by Dean Guenther a post revolution Cyrillic font. in old METAFONT79. (Providence: TUG. 1988). 53-56. and a set of macros to implement it comfortably. Saito and Kitagawa have taken Pat Monardo's Com- Details of the font. with examples of its use, and mon as the starting point for a series of modifi- grids of the character set were published in TUGboat cations to T@ itself that have some features in com- 6 (1985). 124 ff. mon with the ASCII Corporation's work. described below. Terms of Availability I recently received a comprehensive message Same terms and contact addresses as described un- from Edgar hf. Cooke about the current state of TEX der AMSFonts. in Japan. Most what follows is reproduced verbatim from this message. 9.4 Other Developments At present. two publicly available versions of See also the Cyrillic bitmap fonts distributed by the mX are being distributed that support Japanese. Austin Code Works. and one further version is supposed to become avail- able shortly. These are not entirely mutually com- 10 Turkish patible. and each has its strong and weak points. 10.1 Washington 11.1 ASCII Corporation The Font The I-ZSCII Corporation is a microcomputer ori- Pierre MacKay informs me (Jan 22 1988) that work ented publishing and software house that has taken a on properly accented Roman-letter Turkish fonts strong interest in TEX for their own publishing work. in METAFONT has been undertaken at the Univer- and whose UYIX support section has produced and sity of Washington by himself and Walter Andrews. distributes the Japanized version of my. The accented characters are developed from Com- ASCII's version was implemented without con- puter Modern descriptions, so as to maintain the cern for 100% internal compatibility u-ith Knuth's maximum possible compatibility with the Computer GX.and cannot pass the TRIP test (N.B.:it is Modern faces. Andrews and MacKay have published closer to passing as of version 1.0). However, the a description of their work as: output of an identical English T'@ input file is. to the best of my knowledge. identical with that of 138 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 standard 'l$JL They have added a few primitives ity has led to problems: since a font can have only (concerned with spacing between the ideographs and 256 characters. the number of fonts one needs even letters. etc.) useful in handling Japanese or Japanese to support a single real Japanese font set (33) tends with Romanized languages, and have created a vari- to be quite large, even if one only declares the fonts ant of TFM which they call JFM (but which still has corresponding to the various sections of the original the TFM extension. although it is internally identifi- font that include characters that have actually been able by a coded ID byte). The purpose of this is to input into the document. allow one font to hold the more than 6000 charac- A standard (but ugly) set of Japanese charac- ters of a typical Japanese font. It also differs in other ters that is in the public domain (known as the JIS ways. notably that the ligature table (unnecessary fonts, for the Japanese Industrial Standards Insti- in Japanese) has been replaced by a 'glue table', tute, which is responsible for the (abjectly arbitrary) which handles much of the information necessary standard coding of Japanese characters and for mak- concerning spacing between the characters (which ing the font set available) is included with Jm. usually appear without distinction between inter- This originally consisted of only 1 size, namely char- character and inter-word spaces, unlike in modern acters described in a 24-dot square matrix. but Saito Western languages). mechanically generated 36-, 48-, and 72-dot fonts to imitate other point sizes or \magsteps. This set is Terms of Availability not very high quality by any standard, but it is the At present. the ASCII Corporation is freely dis- only public domain font known to me [Cooke]. tributing this implementation in the form of sources Yasuki Saito has also collaborated with Dai including change files for INIW, VIRW. and Nippon Printing Co. to make their industry stan- BiBw. and Japanized macro files for plain w, dard fonts available -but for a price: 95,000 I4w, and Slim (with the IPwstyle files), and Japanese yen.7 they include the source for a (just adequate) printer Saito's 1988 article, cited above. includes a sec- driver for the Canon LBP-8 that uses its internal tion describing the JIS and DNP Japanese fonts. Japanese character set, and JFM files for point sizes 5 with illustrations. through 10 of a standard (.Mincho' = Ming Dynasty Jwhas 240. 300, 400. and 480 dpi fonts avail- style) typeface and of an emboldened ('Gothic') able currently. Please note that 6000+ characters typeface which can probably be used with a number makes for a largish distribution tape- the rudi- of different pixel font sets. e.g., the internal Canon mentary set of JIS fonts in an adapted GF format LBP-8 set, (but which in ver. 1.0 is based on the with TFMs takes up about 10 M of disk space. while Dai Nippon Printing Co. [DNP] fonts). A printer the PXL. SF. and TFM files for the DNP Mincho and driver and X-windows previewer handling the DNP Gothic fonts very nearly fill an entire 2400 ft mag- fonts is now available. tape at 6250 bpi! I had a chance to measure these more carefully: Contact DNP fonts JIS fonts ASCII Corporation, Sumitomo Minamiaoyama Building, GF Mincho 49,312,713 PXL 11,321,384 5-1-5 Minamiaoyama Minato-ku, GF Gothic 43,401,652 GF 7,729,124 Tokyo 107, Japan. TFMs 559,152 TFMs 137,417 Total bytes 93,273,517 19,187,925 11.2 Jqgc In other words, non-trivial. The following articles on Jwand its fonts, by Ya- Terms of Availability suki Saito, have appeared: 'Japanese m',TUGboat 8 (1987). 103-116. Jwis in the public domain, and comes free with the JIS fonts. In Japan, the Japan Society for Soft- Jw'. in QK Users Group Eighth Annual 'm: ware Science and Technology distributes it. Meeting: Conference Proceedings, edited by Dean Guenther (Providence: TUG, 1988), 57- 7ASCII and SONY are also negotiating with Dai 68. Nippon to allow similar font sets to become available Jwwas developed by Yasuki Saito of Nippon Tele- for different resolutions of printers, and, if we are phone & Telegraph (NTT). Saito's policy has been lucky, a vector stroke typeface of high quality that to attempt to avoid radical changes to standard l$$ is applicable to various sizes and resolutions may as much as possible, but this increased compatibil- become available next year. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 139
Jmis is available in the US by anonymous this throughout the next year (all this being more FTP from turing . stanf ord.edu. The Tops-20 ver- or less volunteer work). Except for the fact that sion is installed on Turing in directory PS :
by Geoffrey K. Pullurn and William A. Ladusaw Beethovenstraoe 5. (Chicago. London. 1986). Janene Winter did the D-8700 Wurzburg. METRFONT work on this font. The character posi- West Germany. tions were coord~natedwith help from Helmut Feld- Kris Holnles and Chuck Bigelow also report weg at the Max-Planck-Institut fiir Psycholinguis- that they have a bitmap IP,4 font. See Lucida. tik in the Yetherlands. Christina Thiele at Carleton 'Cniversity and some ideas from Brian MacWhinney 13.3 Ridgeway at Carnegie Mellon and Karen Mullen at the Uni- A phonetic alphabet has been developed by Thomas versity of Kentucky at Louisville. Ridgeway for a large subrange of American Indian The font also comes with a set of macros to languages. The first active projects using this are access the characters easily. For example. \schwa in Salish and Navajo. This font is presently being prints what you would expect. tested and will be available from the Humanities and Arts Computing Center at the University of Wash- Terms of Availability ington in early fall 1988. The Washington State Cniversity IPL4 is available for $100. The package includes GF. PXL or PK fonts Contact at 9. 10, 11 and 12 point (together) in the Roman See under Tamil above. bold and slanted faces (together). The typeface is designed to match the Chl Roman face. The META- 14 Elvish FONT source is not included. Elvish. or more properly. Tengwar, is the script used by the elves of Middle Earth. It was described by Contact J. R. R. Tolkien. Send a note to Dean Guenther at guenther@wsuvml on Bitnet. or write to: 14.1 Urban mXT1 Distribution. On 4 Dec 1986 (sic)Mike Urban released the META- Coniputing Service Center. FONT code for the Tengwar script through the Washington State University. Usenet newsgroup comp .text. Pullman. WA 99164-1220. USA. The Font 13.2 Other Developments Mike said the following: Georgia Tobin (q. v.) has an IPA font. created in old [Here are the] METAFONT sources for a dig- M ETAFONT79 itized version of the Tengwar (Elvish script) A bitmap IPA font. phlO. was created by Jean created by J. R. R. Tolkien. They have only Pierre Paillet for use with TE)i for typesetting the been tested on a 300dpi laser printer. No Canadzan Journal of Lznguzstzcs. This font is de- guarantee of the quality of either the code scribed. with a printout of the character grid. by or the output is offered. I'm not particu- Christina Thiele in larly satisfied with the quality of the code "I$$, Linguistics. and Journal Production' in 7)j$ (my first non-trivial attempt to use META- CTsers Group Ezghth Annual Meetmg: Confer- FONT), but the results look OK to me. ence Proceedzngs. edited by Dean Guenther (Providence: TUG. l988), 5-26. Contact phi0 is now superseded by the Washington State Urban. Cniversity font. TRW Inc.. R2/2009 According to a note from G. Toal in UKmY One Space Park. 1988. issue 2. Tibor Tscheke's company. Stiirtz AG. Redondo Beach. C4 90278. also has an IPL4 font for sale. Toal does not state (213) 812-0632 whether this font was created with METAFONT, but Net: [email protected] the implication is that it is usable with 7&X. Con- 14.:, Other Developments tact: Tibor Tscheke. See also the Elvish bitmap fonts available from the Head. Computer Science Department. Austin Code Works. Cniversitatsdruckerei. H. Sturtz AG. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988). No. 2 141
15 Georgia Tobin reworked by Georgia Tobin. In its finished form. Georgia Tobin is well known to readers of TCjGbnat Chel has been described as 'lighter and more com- as the editor of. and chief contributor to. the 'Font pact' than the Computer Modern sans-serif (CMSS) Forum' section of the journal. She has been working which was designed by Richard Southall and is m- with METAFONT since 1982. and between 1982 and cluded in all CM distributions. Chel comprises 1987 she created several complete families of fonts fifteen fonts including Chel Book. Slant. Medium for use with TI-$.(Georgia's husband Rick works Bold. Slanted Medium Bold. Bold. Slanted Bold. with her on the fonts.) Because much of her earlier Extra Bold. Slanted Extra Bold. Math Symbols. work was done using METAFONT79. which is now Bold Math Symbols. Math Italic, Bold Math Italic. superseded, only the bitmaps of these early fonts Math Extensible. Elite. Bold Elite. Pica and Bold are available but not the METAFONT source code. Pica. The bitmap fonts are mostly at 300dpi. and 15.2 MI? Roman Family are optimized for write-black imaging machines (i.e.. Apple. Canon, HP, and certain other laser printers). This family comprises more than nineteen Times The fonts are available at a wide range of sizes rang- Roman style seriffed fonts. including Roman Text. ing from 5 to 72 points (some of the less common Slanted Text. Italic. Unslanted Italic. Medium Bold. fonts are available in a narrower range of sizes. say Medium Bold Italic. Bold. Bold Italic. Extra Bold. from 5 to 36 point). One particular subset of these Extra Bold Italic. Titling (Small Caps). Slanted fonts, marketed by Personal TEX Inc. as a package Titling, Math Symbol. Bold Math Symbols. Math called MF Medley. consists of the Chel fonts at 5, 7. Italic, Bold hlath Italic. Math Extensible. Elite and 10 and 12 point sizes, with Copperplate and School- Pica. The last two fonts are 12 cpi and 10 cpi type- book at 36 and 48 point. and Black Letter at 36 writer style fonts respectively. and include slanted point. The MF Medley is available at 180. 240 and and emboldened versions. 300dpi. with some fonts available at 118dpi too. and 15.3 MF Slavic Family costs $100. An important point to notice is that the Ro- The Slavic Family of fonts includes all the fonts man, Chel and Schoolbook families described be- necessary for sophisticated typesetting in Russian. low include math symbol and extensible fonts. like The family includes Chel-compatible and Roman- Knuth's CM, so that these fonts can be used for the compatible versions of Cyrillic in Book. Slant. Bold full range of mathematical and technical typesetting and Bold Slant versions. and also an Italic version as defined in the PLAIN format and IPW. of the Roman-compatible face. There are further Georgia's newer work on Schoolbook. Hebrew. 'additional' fonts corresponding to each of these cat- ALA and Special Effects typefaces, described below. egories which contain extra accents and characters is all done in METAFONT84, the current and stabi- used in typesetting other Slavic languages lized version of METAFONT, and is therefore much 15.4 MF Decorative Family more flexible. Fonts of these faces can be generated at any reasonable resolution. and for any marking Also offered is a decorative package of fonts which in- engine with a defined mode. One hopes that Geor- cludes six typefaces. including Black Letter. a Cop- gia will find some way of making her METAFONT perplate Script. Hodge Podge (including assorted source code available to bona fide users of her newer dingbats. pharmacy and planetary symbols. a tur- typefaces, without of course jeopardizing her liveli- tle and a frog). an Outline Helvetica (upper case). hood. and a Slanted Outline Helvetica (also upper case). and an Uncial Majuscule which emulates a medieval 15.1 MF Chel Family manuscript script. The Chel (.Computer Helvetica') family of sans- 15.5 Century Schoolbook serif fonts was initially created by Thom Hickey in a Tandem TAL translation of METAFONT79 (later Georgia is close to finalizing a first release version recoded into Apollo Pascal using the MAP prepro- of a Century Schoolbook typeface. This is the first cessor). He began work on the font in the winter fruits of her work with the new METAFONT84. Her of 1980, and continued to work on the font until goal has been to create a complete Century School- 1982.' Chel was later completed and extensively book style typeface that is clean and legible from '~eference to Hickey's work on Chel. with an il- is made in Knuth's .Lessons Learned from Metafont' lustration of the MF code for the letters 'B' and 'b'. (1985), 37-38. 142 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 very low resolutions (about 72dpi is the lowest so Minato-ku. far) to very high. and in point sizes from 5 to 96 or Tokyo 107, Japan. so. Docusoft Publishing Technologies, 15.6 MF ALA Suite 300. 1120 Hamilton Street, Another project has been the creation of METAFONT Vancouver, B. C. VVGB 2S2. fonts which include the special character set defined Canada. as a standard by the American Library Association (AL.4) and used by the Library of Congress and Interbase. other bodies influential in the library automation Dantes Plads 1, world, such as OCLC. This set of characters and DK-1556 Copenhagen V, accents was designed to make possible the represen- Denmark. tation. if necessary in a standard Roman translit- Personal GY, Inc.. eration. of virtually all the world's languages. The 12 Madrona Avenue, characters include items like upper and lower case Mill Valley, C'X 94941. thorn. Polish dark el (with a cross bar). eth. and several other unusual signs and accents. There is USA. even a candrabzndu for Sanskritists! Georgia did TjjXpert Systems Ltd., this work for the Library of Congress. The font is 5 Northernhay Square. available in Text. Bold. Italic. and Bold Italic. Exeter EX4 3ES. The AL.4 fonts contain 256 character positions, Devon. UK. and therefore require a robust DVI driver program Georgia has some fine catalogues illustrating such as the members of Kelson Beebe's DVI driver the Roman, Chel and Decorative families: send a family or the latest release of the Arbortext drivers. cheque for $6 ($15 outside USA or Canada) to: Georgia Tobin. 15.7 Hebrew 1888 Barnard Drive. Georgia is developing a Hebrew- typeface. which Powell. Ohio 43065. is still at an experimental stage. At the present Phone: (614) 764-9863. time it consists of 27 characters. with more cal- ligraphic molding of the strokes than is shown in 16 Blackboard Bold Goldberg's font. However, Georgia has not devel- 16.1 Robert Messer oped any macros or preprocessors for inputting He- Robert Messer published an article 'Blackboard brew text in quantities, as Goldberg has. It would Bold' in TUGboat 9 (1988). 19-20. in which he gen- be advantageous if Georgia and Goldberg were to eralized a method used by Knuth in The Wbook standardize on a common font layout. so that any to produce such characters. This is a series of macro/input system wou!d be able to access either Plain macros which jiggle the characters of CM of their fonts. rn around, using small kerns and the capital I and small 15.8 Special Effects rules. to produce a 'poor person's blackboard bold'. Georgia published 'The ABC's of Special Effects' 16.2 Other Developments in TC'Gboat 9 (1988). 15-18, in which are demon- See also Custom fonts & Pandora. and the strated several fascinating typographical effects that AMSFonts package. are r~!atively simple to produce with clever use of METAFONT84 macros. The article includes the 17 APL METAFONT code illustrating how the effects were The APL programming language requires many un- produced. usual symbol characters. which often baffle normal Terms of Availability typesetting and word processing systems. The Chel. Roman. Slavic. Decorative and Century 17.1 Hohti and Kanerva Schoolbook font families are available on a commer- Aarno Hohti and Okko Kanerva of the University cial basis from the following sources: of Helsinki have developed an APL font for use with ASCII Corporation. W.They have 'raided' the CM character set to this Sumitomo Minami Aoyama Bldg.. 5-11-5 Minami Aoyama. TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2 143 end, so the characters should be similar in weight on IBM PC-compatible and Macintosh diskettes and and style with CM. on mag tape in VAX/VMS format. For information, The font is described in the article 'Generating contact: an APL Font' in TUGboat 8 (1987), 2755278. AMS QXLibrary. American Mathematical Society. Terms of Availability P. 0. Box 6248, The authors can be contacted at: Providence. RI 02940. USA. University of Helsinki. Phone: (401) 272-9500 or (800) 556-7774 Department of Mathematics. Internet: sse@math . AMS . corn Hallituskatu 15, Contact for technical inquiries: SF-00100 Helsinki, Barbara Beeton. Finland. (same address) I assume that the fonts are being freely dis- Phone: (401) 272-9500 tributed, since the METAFONT code for them is Internet: bnb@seed . AMS . corn or available for anonymous FTP as file CMAPLIO from [email protected] score.stanf ord.edu, in directory (TEX. TUGBOAT>. 19 Custom Fonts & Pandora 18 AMSFonts Package 19.1 Custom Fonts The American Mathematical Society (AMS) has de- veloped several fonts of symbols and alphabets in- If you are desperate for a font that does not yet tended for use in mathematical notation. exist, why not commission a METAFONT program- mer to create it? 18.1 The Fonts Neenie N. Billawala advertises her services as a Three alphabets, collectively known as Euler. were METAFONT consultant in TUGboat. She is respon- designed by Hermann Zapf and implemented in sible for creating the fine calligraphic capitals that METRFONT at Stanford as part of the project. are part of the Computer Modern typeface family They come in both medium and bold weights. and (in the CMSY fonts). include Fraktur. script and an upright cursive al- 19.2 Pandora phabet, which was intended to minimize problems with the placement of accents and indices. The Eu- Neenie, a designer. has also created a new typeface ler fonts are considered proprietary. and sources are called Pandora, which is part of a larger research available only under lease. project concerning the possibility of breaking the el- Two fonts of symbols. including a Blackboard ements of typeface design down into general reusable Bold alphabet, are also available. Details of these components such as serifs (and terminal endings), fonts, including character grids, were published in bowls, circular shapes, arms and so on. Pandora is TUGboat 6 (1985), 124 ff. These fonts are still ren- the result of setting the parameters for these com- dered in METAFONT79, which is totally incompat- ponents to one particular set of values. but many ible with the current METRFONT, so distribution others could be chosen. In this sense. Pandora ex- of the sources is pointless; arrangements are be- plores further the 'parametrization' which is at the ing made for their re-implementation in new METR- heart of Knuth's endeavor with METAFONT. See- FONT, but the schedule is uncertain. nie has nearly finished writing a Stanford Computer Science Report about this, called Meta-Marks: Pre- 18.2 Terms of Availability liminary Studies for a Pandora's Box of shapes (to Together with Cyrillic (see under Cyrillic) fonts, appear). Knuth describes this study as 'lavishly il- this collection is called AMSFonts. A set of TFM and lustrated studies in parameter variation. leading to 300GF files (magstep0 only) is available: the design of a new typeface called Pandora'.lo by anonymous FTP from directory The Pandora typeface is intended t,o be a .bread
A recent discussion of fonts in PC Magazine make a special request to have the Dutch family in- (March 15, 1988. issue 7(5). p. 238) noted that: stead). Bitstream fonts are the same ones you get 20.5 Contacts in already-generated form from H[ewlett] P[ackard]. are widely (though not exclu- Personal Inc.. sively) used in the printing industry, and 12 Madrona Avenue, are used in our Tegra galley-generating ma- Mill Valley, CA 94941. chine. Phone: (415) 388-8853 Telex: 51060 10672 PCTEX A useful article comparing Bitstream fonts with Fax: (415) 388-8865 Adobe Postscript fonts was published in the maga- zine Publzsh! (March 1988, issue 3(3). pp.46 ff.). It Bitstream. included valuable iliustrations of both manufactur- Athenaeum House. ers' fonts at several different resolutions. 215 First Street. I myself have only experimented with the Dutch Cambridge, MA 02142. and Swiss fonts at 10pt. and then only on a 640 x 400 Phone: (617) 497-6222 pixel screen. and at 240dpi on a 9-pin matrix printer. Telex: 467237 On both these devices the Bitstream fonts ap- Fax: (617) 868-4632 pear much superior to the nearest CM equivalents. (CMR10 and CMSSIO). The characters are somewhat 21 Times Roman in METRFONT broader. with relatively rounder bowls and shorter 21.1 Kemmish ascenders. and give a more even. regular appearance The Font across the page. They make the CM fonts look very uneven by comparison (and I am a great fan of CM). The creator of the font. Ian Kemmish. writes: I suspect that the CM fonts would compare more I have a Times font in METAFONT which favorably at higher resolutions. since they were not I have been tinkering with over the past designed for such poor output devices. six or seven months. It is modelled on The Bitstream Font Interface Package offers Monotype Times New Roman (visually - 'l&X users (without access to Postscript printers) no calipers in sight!) The standard of ras- access for the first time to a proper typeface cata- terization is about comparable to a Laser- logue, and a highly professional one at that. Writer. but the typography is of necessity a lot more amateurish. The regular font is 20.3 Other Developments largely OK. the italic is a few weeks behind Although Bitstream has released 40 Fontware out- and probably needs some tweaking. There line typefaces, it actually has a library of over 1000 is a rather lumpy semibold which needs pa- digital typefaces waiting in the wings. This collec- rameter tweaking. I suspect a genuine bold tion includes traditional designs, original designs. needs a new set of minuscule routines. I pi-fonts, and non-Latin fonts such as Arabic, Cyril- also have a typewriter font generated from lic, Greek. Gujarati. Hebrew, Laotian, and Tai Dan. it, and am working on a Kebiolo Eurostyle However. all these exist in plsin digital outline for- sans-serif font. (I needed something easy mat only. which means that the outlines have not after the Times! I want to do Helvetica had the A1 scaling optimization rules added to them. sometime soon.) and are thus not 'smart outlines' such as can be used with the Fontware Installation packages. They are Terms of Availability are thus not at present marketed widely. Ian Kemmish writes: Intelligent font scaling for Kanji fonts (Nippon I'd be happy to distribute what I have. Information Science Ltd. Iwata Gothic. with other though I suspect my employers would want faces to follow) was announced in March 1988. and to charge something for it. Ideally. I'd like is offered to OEMs. to send out some GF files first to people who are interested in test-driving them and can 20.4 Terms of Availability make constructive comments about how to The Fontware Installation Kit costs $195, and nor- improve them. The METRFONT code is still mally comes with the Swiss font family (one can in a state of flux. I'd hate to distribute it TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
and have a lot of unco-ordinated changes one heavier in weight, for English and French typog- being made to it all! raphers, and one lighter, for Germanic texts which use extensive capitalization. and therefore need de- Contact emphasized capitals. Ian Kemmish can be contacted at: The screen 'versions' of Lucida are at such low Whitechapel Workstations. resolution (75-100dpi) that they cannot be regarded 75 Whitechapel Road, as straight reproductions of their higher resolution London El lDU, England. counterparts. They are therefore called Pellucida, Phone: (+44) 01 377 8680 to suggest that the designs are related to Lucida, Telex: (UK) 885300 WCW G but optimized for 'pel' based screen displays. Fax: (+44) 01 247 4589 Uucp: ian@wcw . co . uk Adobe OldUucp: . . . !mcvax!ukc!wcwvax! ian Chuck Bigelow informed me in April 1988 that Adobe Systems is dealing with the release of sev- 21.2 Other Developments eral Lucida typefaces for use with m.Dan Mills, See also the MI? Roman Family by Georgia Tobin, Manager of Typography at Adobe informed me later and the Dutch typeface by Bitstream. in the same month that: Knowing people would want these fonts for 22 Lucida use with TEX (because of the Math ver- Lucida is the name of one of the typefaces designed sions. . . . ), we purposely extended our nor- by Kris Holmes and Chuck Bigelow. Its main design mal character set for these fonts (by about aim is that it be legible and beautiful at low as well 16 characters) to cover the 'w text' set as high resolutions. and it is probably the first origi- (Figure 1 in Appendix F of The Wbook). nal typeface family produced for digital printers and What I mean is, these fonts have a union displays." By low resolution. Holmes and Bigelow of our standard character set and the T@ mean laser printers and computer screens. The font text set. has been discussed in the following publications: The following faces have already been released by Jonathan A. Epstein. 'Best Font Forward', Dzgital Adobe as downloadable Postscript fonts on both Review (July 1986), 82-87. Mac and PC disks: Lucida Roman (seriffed), Lu- C. Bigelow and K. Holmes. 'The Design of Lucida: cida Italic, Lucida Bold, Lucida Bold Italic. Lucida an Integrated Family of Types for Electronic Sans Roman (sans-serif), Lucida Sans Italic. Lucida Literacy'. in Text Processzng and Document Sans Bold, and Lucida Sans Bold Italic. Manipulatzon edited by J. C. van Vliet (Cam- The following will be released soon: Lucida T)$ bridge, 1986), 1-17. Math Italic, Lucida Tj$ Math Symbol. Lucida 7QX 'Alumna Designs First Laserwriter Typeface', Math Extension. and Lucida Sans Typewriter. Dan Harvard Extension Newsletter 8(2) (Spring notes that the Math fonts have the same charac- 1988). ter sets as shown in appendix F of The mbook. The second of these articles is itself printed in the The Lucida Sans Typewriter has another union of Lucida typeface. It goes into detail about the design Adobe's standard set, this time with the TEX text concepts of Lucida, with illustrations. typewriter set. shown in figure 3 in the same ap- pendix. 22.1 The Fonts Bigelow suggested that for dates of release and The Lucida family includes the following eight fonts: information on TFM files, etc.. one should contact Roman. Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic, in both seriffed Adobe. Once again, Dan Mills was most helpful. and sans-serif styles. Lucida has been called a 'su- He said: per family' because of the wide range of characters As for TFM's, we've been getting a lot of help and fonts it provides, including compatibility with from Barry Smith of Kellerman & Smith the full CM character set. Unusual features of Lu- . . . to produce these. We aren't finished. cida fonts include the fact that the italic sans-serif If you are a wtures user, they will cer- is a true cursive style. rather than a slanted Ro- tainly be willing to help you out. If not, man, and that there are alternate sets of capitals, we plan to make these metrics available to ''Another font with some similar design goals is the general community 'somehow' in Matthew Carter's Bitstream Charter. TUGboat. Volume 9 (1988),No. 2 147
the near future. Exactly how they will be in the l)$ character set (as well as PostScript char- distributed remains to be decided. acter set) in PXL format for the Lucida seriffed and Lucida Sans families in the following point sizes, at Imagen 300dpi: 6. 8. 10. 12. 14. 18, 24. and the same sizes. Chuck Bigelow also noted that the Imagen Corpo- excepting 6 point. for 75 dpi and 100 dpi screens. ration currently offers various Lucida typefaces. and Currently there is no distributor for these. These are an upgrade to the full w character set will be hand-tuned bitmaps that are slightly different for released in July 1988. These will include the Lu- each size, and therefore have their own (simple) TFM cida seriffed family. the Lucida Sans family. and the files that are not fully compatible with those for the Lucida Sans Typewriter family. Imagen will pro- Adobe PostScript outlines. However, they feel that duce the w Math fonts if there is demand from the quality of the hand-tuned fonts is usually higher their users. Imagen Lucida will be available in out- than that of the algorithmically produced bitmaps line format for their CltraScript (PostScript clone) from outlines. They haven't finished bitmap ver- and DDL language printers. and for their imPRESS sions of the math fonts or the typewriter fonts yet. printers. The Imagen fonts should be metrically but they do have an International Phonetic Alpha- compatible with the .Adobe fonts. They are made bet and some other oddities in bitmap. from exactly the same outline data. 22.2 Contacts Compugraphic Chuck Bigelow can be reached at the Dept. of Com- A last minute update from Chuck indicates that Lu- puter Science at Stanford: cida will soon be available for Compugraphic type- Phone: (415) 723 3827 setters: Arpa: cabasail.stanf ord edu. Compugraphic Corporation has licensed or at his Menlo Park studio, Bigelow & Holmes: the Lucida seriffed family (rornan. italic. Phone: (415) 326-8973 bold. bold italic) and the three basic TEX Dan Mills can be reached at: math fonts (math italic, math symbol, Adobe Systems Inc., math extension) for their 8600 and 9600 1585 Charleston Road. P. 0.Box 7900. typesetters, and perhaps the 8400 as well. Mountain View, CA 94039-7900.USA. Contact Cynthia Marsh or Norbert Flo- Phone: (415) 962-2100 rendo at CG for estimate of availability, Net: adobe ! mllls@decwrl, (and possibiy price, etc. mills@ucbvax . berkeley edu) Compugraphic Corporation. Type Division. Wil- mington, MA4.(617) 658-5600. 23 Icelandic 23.1 Pind Other Developments The Font A maker of inexpensive personal computers and printers will announce Lucida availability very On March 10. 1988.Jorgen Pind reported in whax shortly. The fonts will be metrically compatible with 1988,issue 22. that he is running an unmodified l)$ Adobe and Imagen. with new fonts and formats (including hyphenation) Chuck and Kris are also working on outline which cater for Icelandic. versions of several of the additional fonts shown in Contact Knuth's Volume E of Computers and Typesettzng, and fonts analogous to the Euler family. including Jorgen Pind. Bold Greek. Bold Script. Bold Symbol font. Small Institute of Lexicography. Capitals. as well as a Chancery. lower-case Script. University of Iceland. Fraktur. Hebrew, and others. Light and Demibold Reykjavik 101. Iceland. versions of both seriffed and sans-serif families are Internet: jorgenalexis .hi.is also in progress. as well as the 'Bright' versions used Uucp: . . . mcvax 1 haf ro ! rhi ! lexis ! J orgen in Scientific American. However. these must await a 24 OCR-A distributor like Adobe or Imagen to reach the mar- ket. 24.1 Lillqvist Chuck also reports that in their studio. Bigelow In whax 1987, issue 106. information was given & Holmes. he and Kris have produced bitmap fonts about an OCR-A font coded in METAFONT84 by 148 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
Tor Lillqvist, VTT/ATK (Technical Research Cen- several sans-serif fonts, and what looks as if it might tre of Finland, Computing Services). be a very tiny Arabic font. The Font Terms of Availability Lillqvist's OCR-A is based on IS0 Recommenda- The collection of fonts costs $30. tion R1073. 1st ed., May 1969 (which he thinks is probably obsolete by now). Contact The Austin Code Works, Terms of Availability 11100 Leafwood Lane, The font is distributed free of charge. On 1 June Austin, Texas 78750-3409. USA. 1987. Brandon S. Allbery ([email protected]) Phone: (512) 258-0785 and Michael Lichter posted the METAFONT sources BBS: (512) 258-8831 for the OCR-A on Usenet. in comp . sources.misc. FidoNet: 1:382/12 Net: acw ! inf o@uunet. uu .net Contact Tor Lillqvist , 25.2 SPRITE. STY VTT/ATK, If you use I4w, and you only need one or two Lehtisaarentie 2, extra characters. an ingenious and very easy way to SF-00340 Helsinki. Finland. generate them has been devised by Martin Costabel. Net: tml@fingate. bitnet, or It is a IP-'QX style called SPRITE. and the code and [email protected]. or documentation were published on 14 November 1987 mcvax!santra!tml in issue 1.8 of WMag, an online Q$ magazine put out by Don Hosek ([email protected]).Here 25 Miscellaneous is an extract from Martin's documentation: 25.1 Austin Code Works SPRITE. STY is a IP'I'&Y macro that allows The Austin Code Works has a large collection of you to define in a quick and dirty way your bitmap fonts that work with w,and which were own symbols. You just have to define the originally created at SAIL (Stanford Artificial Intel- character as a dot pattern on your screen ligence Lab) in the late 60s or early 70s (I think). and enclose it by \sprite and \endsprit e Because these fonts are not coded in up-to-date commands. Of course, I know. 'I)$is aw- METAFONT. what you get is what you get, Le., you fully professional and this primitive tech- cannot change the size or resolution of the fonts. I nique will not provide results as good as a believe they are all (or most) 200dpi fonts. Bear in METAFONT-designed character or even one mind that although you might get, say. a Hebrew drawn using device-dependent \special font. there are no accompanying macros to imple- commands, but if you just need one spe- ment it at the keyboard level. cial character or some cute little symbol and you don't have the time/brains/Mac- The Fonts intosh/superuser-privilege/money- The 'KST Fonts by Les Earnest' are described thus for-AMS-fonts/or whatever-is-necessary for in the ACW handout: a professional solution. this might produce Originally developed for the Xerox XGP acceptable results. printer. the 137 KST fonts include Hebrew. Using SPRITE. STY one 'draws' the character to Greek, Old English, Old German, Cyrillic. be defined as a pattern of characters on a grid. Fig- hand [sign alphabet]. and Tengwar alpha- ure I shows how schwa is done. To use this character bets in addition to the Roman alphabet in in your IPW document, all you have to do is use a large number of eclectic styles. Specify the command \schwa. This method uses a lot of w or bitmap format. Both come with an W's memory. and is only suitable for characters extraction and display program. which are used rarely. say a few times on a page. The fonts include such essentials as single character Contact fonts for the Stanford and MIT logos (separate fonts for each, naturally), two views of Snoopy. two views Martin Costabel. of Starship Enterprise. three fonts of chess pieces. Net: [email protected] TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
erty list (PL) file. The PL file can be converted to \def\schwaC\FormOfSchwa\kern 1 pt) a TFM file (with or without editing: see below) by % Only necessary if \kern ... is wanted the wware program PLtoTF (compiled DOS ver- \sprit e(\E'ormOf Schwa) (l6,24) [O .4 em, 1 ex] sion available on the PCWBulletin board: (415) % Resolution ca. 200x340 dpi. 388-1708). The PXL file can be left as it is. or con- : ...... BBBBBBBBBB ...... verted to a smaller PK file by PXtoPK (also on the .....BBBB ...... BBBB .... same BBS). ...BBB ...... BBBB.. The PL file generated by this program contains :.BB ...... BBB. several parameters that determine the appearance :.B...... BBB of the TljX output. These parameters control the ...... BBB inter-word glue, the space after a period. the size of ...... BBB a quad and em space. and the parameters determin- ...... BBB ing accent placement. The 'correct' values for these :BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB parameters are NOT contained in the HP soft fonts. :BBB ...... BBB They are estimated by HP2TEX. and might not be :BBB ...... BBB very good estimates. If your output is visually bad. :BBB ...... BBB. read about f ontdlmen parameters in the back of the :.BBB ...... BBB.. mbook (or METAFONT~OO~)and adjust their val- ...BBBB ...... BBBB ... ues in the PL file. Then generate a new TFM file...... BBBBB ..... BBBBB ..... The authors have not attempted to deal with kerns...... BBBBBBBB ...... although you could add those to the PL file as well. \endsprit e Ligatures require the same action. assuming the lig- ature glyph is in the font at all. Figure 1: SPRITE.STY commands for schwa. The authors note that certain fonts generated by GLYPHIX appear to convert with a bad under- score character that is far too low. This is in fact how the underscore is encoded in the font, not an 25.3 HPZTEX (HP Font Conversion) artifact of the conversion. The Program Terms of Availability In February 1988. the uuencoded ARC file HP2TEX appeared on Usenet, in comp text. It included the HP2TEX was written by David Strip, with help from Turbo Pascal 3.0 source code and a compiled DOS Dimitri Vulis. The program is copyrighted, and in version of HP2TEX. a program to read a Hewlett keeping with the spirit of the TEX community, you Packard soft font and generate two files useful to are granted permission to copy and redistribute it so users. a PL and a PXL file. long as you provide the source and the README file Since the HP soft fonts are bitmap fonts gener- along with any executable. In addition. you may ated from the Bitstream outline typefaces (see the not charge any fee in excess of the actual cost of the Bitstream section), this is another way to produce media and reasonable labor charges. This charge the latter family of fonts. However. the TFM file pro- may not exceed $3.00 per disk plus shipping costs. duced by HP2TEX does not contain the information HP2TEX is available on SIMTELZO (FTP or List- required to make ligatures. etc. (see below). so in serve access) and GENIE. as well as some BBSs. practice, if real quality is sought, it would be better Contact to buy the FIP from Personal '&X Inc. David Strip. Usage 431 Camino de la Sierra KE, The HP2TEX program prompts the user for the names Albuquerque. NM 87123. USA. of the font files for input and output. and also for Arpa: drstripasandia-2.arpa the original design size of the HP font. and its mag- Uucp: ... (ucbvax, cmu!rice, ihnp4 ! lanl . nification (so that a 12pt HP font can make a 12pt gatech) !unmvax!intvax!drstrip PXL font, or a lOpt PXL font magnified \magstepl). Dimitri L. Vulis, Names can be supplied on the command line, and 529 W. 111 Street, #61 will be given appropriate extensions if necessary. New York. NY 10025-1943. CSA. The output is a PXL font with its associated prop- Bitnet: dlv@cunyvmsl 150 TUGboat, Volume 9 (1988), No. 2
25.4 Bar Codes eth (upper/lower case) be created for him. Issue 94 of whax 1987 carried the following note As he was referred to me by Knuth. I de- from Dimitri Vulis: cided to take this challenge and create the characters. Mainly, they are variations of I was amazed to find out that business peo- characters found in Computer Modern al- ple pay enormous money for the ability to ready. with some polishing up. produce bar codes. This ought to be triv- This will probably be the first in a se- ial with TFJ. So, I got hold of a public ries of ad-hoc characters I create for vari- domain BASIC program that supposedly ous folks in need, and I will keep them in does that and lifted the codes and put them a sort-of miscellaneous font category. For into METAFONT (it was easy). Caveat(s): now, they are compatible with CMRIO. I have never tested these codes with an OCR. The BASIC program said it used Doug is willing to distribute the Old English '3 of 9' encoding. I presume it's not the characters free of charge. He says that the final ver- same as UPC. The sizes may be off-I sions should be done in time for this year's TUG took them from the BASIC program that conference in Montr&al. Contact him at: used HP LJ's 100dpi graphics mode. Division of Library Automation, Remarks: Univ. of California, Berkeley, 186 University Hall. White space is a displayable character. Berkeley. CA 94720, USA. There are 9 significant strips, bwbwb- Bitnet: dlatex@ucbcmsa wbwb: 3 of them are wide. Arpa: dlatex%ucbcmsa.cc@berkeley The white-naro at the end of each code is the inter-code spacing. Curran The original BASIC program was written Charles Curran of the Oxford University Comput- by 'Bill Wood Mil., WI' and later re-written ing Service notes that he is 'generating odd squig- by 'Bill Baines, Enfield, CT.' gles for a user's medieval English', but he feels that Dimitri notes that he has not tested the bar codes. the quality isn't adequate for wider dissemination at present. Contact Charles at: Terms of Availability OUCS, The METAFONT code for the bar codes is available 13 Banbury Road, for anonymous FTP from score.st anf ord . edu as Oxford, OX2 6NN. England. file
Ridgeway and Barnett logue of such fonts. Adobe themselves have a cat- A font to supplement the basic Latin alphabet of alogue of fonts which they market directly. which Computer Modern with Old English characters will currently includes 230 individual fonts (several for be released in Autumn of this year by the Univer- most typefaces). There are also several other com- sity of Washington Humanities and Arts Computing panies and individuals producing PostScript fonts in Center. Macros for direct input and translators from various styles and for a wide range of languages. us- various Personal Computer editor files will accom- ing such font creation tools as Fontographer on the pany the release. Mac. or Publisher's Type Foundry on the PC. For the contact address. see under Tamil above. 25.6 Vietnamese A note from Trung Dung at the end of March 1988 signalled his intention of using METAFONT to create a Vietnamese font. This uses a Roman character set. with a wide range of diacritical marks. Trung hopes to finish some time this summer. He can be contacted at trung@umb. edu. Output Devices 26 The PostScript Question This article does not deal with the availability of PostScript fonts, because it would double its length Index to Sample Output to do so, and because the author has never used a from Various Devices PS device. and really wouldn't know what he was talking about. Suffice it to say that instead of send- Camera copy for this issue of TUGboat was pre- ing a bitmap to the printer, a PostScript output file pared on the devices indicated, and can be taken as sends the printer instructions on how to construct representative of the output produced by those de- character bitmaps at the time of printing. These vices. The bulk of this issue was at the American PostScript bitmaps are created in a manner analo- Mathematical Society on a VAX 8600 (VMS) and gous to running METRFONT, in that the characters output on an APS-p5 using resident CM fonts and are encoded in a high level language, which gives additional downloadable fonts for special purposes. the outline, filling or stroke routines for creating The items listed below were received as camera copy: glyphs. Like w TFM files. PostScript fonts have they were prepared on the devices indicated. The their own font metric files, called AFM files. A utility output devices used to prepare the advertisements program called AFtoTF exists to convert AFM files to were not usually identified; anyone interested in de- TFM ones. A copy of AFtoTF. compiled and ready termining the device used for a particular ad should to run under DOS. is available on the Personal w inquire of the advertiser. BBS. Another route is to use AFtoPL. a program Unidentified: all advertisements. Some that converts the AFM file to the intermediate PL of the ads were received in a size larger format, which can then be converted to a TFM file than permitted: these were reduced (see HP2TEX above). The C source for the lat- photographically using the PMT process. est version of AFtoPL (version 2.0. 25 April 1988) by Autologic APS-p5 (1440 dpi): Clayton M.Elwell is available via anonymous FTP Donald E. Knuth, A punk Meta-Font. from tut . cis.ohio-state. edu as pub/aftopl. c, p. 152. DEC 10; the drawings and proof fonts and also from j une . cs . washington. edu. Since all on pp. 154-156 and the photograph on p. 155 the font information T)$X needs to create a DVI file is were pasted in. in the TFM file, TEX can thus create DVI files ready Canon CX (300 dpi): Georgia Tobin. to be printed using Postscript fonts. All that is Designing for low-res devices, p. 126. needed is a DVI driver that knows how to call for a PostScript f~ntin the right way, and such drivers are available. Thus, with a bit of tinkering. it is perfectly feasible to use PostScript fonts in a TEX document, and there is a large and growing cata-