1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project PHILIP C. BROWN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: January 18, 2012 Copyright A ST 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in assachusetts; raised primarily in Pennsylvania College of Wooster, Ohio; Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Operation Crossroads Africa arriage Washington, DC; (oice of America; Africa news room 1965 ,ntered the Foreign Service, -S.A 1965 State Department/ Foreign Service .nstitute 0FS.1/ 1965 French language training Dakar, Senegal/ -S.A/ 2unior Officer Trainee 196631967 President Leopold Senghor French presence Lebanese Festival of Negro Arts 2ohn c7esson Ambassador William 8. 8ivkin ,nvironment Cultural Center operations 8ecreation .slam Douala, Cameroon/ Branch Public Affairs Officer 196731968 ,nvironment Cultural Center operations 8eligions French ;cooperants“ French influence .nstitute of .nternational ,ducation Biafra War 1 (oice of America Birth of daughter Yaound?, Cameroon/ Cultural Affairs Officer 196831970 ,nvironment President Ahmadou Ahidjo Tribal influence French presence 8elations Political climate Ambassador 8obert Payton ,mbassy staff Living arrangements 2im Bishop 8ecreation (isitors Program Ambassador Lewis Hoffacker Secretary and rs. 8ogers visit Algiers, Algeria/ Branch Cultural Affairs Officer 197031972 American .nterests Section, ,mbassy of SwitAerland 1967 SiB Day War ,conomic relations Political relations -S ,Bport3.mport Bank loans ,l Paso Natural Cas William ,agleton ScholarshipD(isitorsE program Berbers Tuaregs Wall paintings ,ldridge Cleaver Airplane hijackings Soviets Local Americans Local press French language 8oman ruins Housing Cultural programs Family illness alcolm 7err Princeton -niversity/ 8ussian studies 197231973 Ceorge 7ennan 2 State Department/ Soviet -nion Affairs Desk Officer 197331974 Personnel 2ack atlock Ambassador William Luers Watergate 8elations with Soviet embassy Operations Work environment Washington, DC/ -S.A/ Office of ,astern ,urope Affairs 197431976 Personnel ;Photo -SA“, Budapest Hungary 2ames 7eogh Washington, DC/ -S.A/ Staff Assistant to Officer Director, 197631977 2ock Shirley Washington, DC/ Foreign Service .nstitute; 8ussian language 1977 Training Discussion of visits to ,astern ,urope Carmisch, Cermany/ -.S. Army 8ussian .nstitute; 8ussian 197731978 Language Study Personnel and Course content 8adio Free ,uropeD8adio Liberty 08F,D8L1 oscow, -SS8 .nformation OfficerDPress Attach? 197831981 Ambassador alcolm Toon American press SALT Treaty Soviet radiation of ,mbassy Operations Family Housing 8ecreation ,nvironment ,Bhibitions 8obin 7night incident Pentecostals Tom Hutson Secretary (ance visit 2amming of (OA Travels America magaAine 8adio oscow 3 Sakharov American movies Cultural environment -S3Soviet prisoner eBchange Ambassador Thomas Watson .nternational (isitors Program New Chancery construction Soviet press Local Contacts Television Teheran ,mbassy hostage taking Soviets invade Afghanistan (ienna Summit Yuri Harakhovich ,mbassy Foreign Nationals 7CB 8eligion 8elations with allied Ambassadors Soviet leaders Politburo Armand Hammer (.P visitors Cultural presentations Biological weapons oscow Olympics Soviet leader funerals Anglo3American Canadian School Official entertainment Spaso House Ambassador 2ack F. atlock, 2r. Soviet education Paris, France/ Assistant .nformation Officer 198131986 -S3Soviet relations President Francois itterrand 8eaganD itterrand relations Pershing issiles NATO Ambassador Arthur Hartman BrussilovskyEs violin Ambassador 2ohn 7enneth Calbraith Ambassador 2oseph . 8odgers ,mbassy personnel Charlie Wick visit French Communist Party French view of Soviet3style communism 4 French intellectuals French press Le Pen Housing Contacts Local staff Charg? Christian Chapman assassination attempt Lt. Col. Charles 8ay assassination Terrorism C37 8ambouillet meeting President 8eagan visits Henry 7issinger visits Crenada invasion Secretaries of State visits State Department press corps (isiting (.PEs FranceD-S relations The French Left Schooling Pierre Salinger Soviet boycott Los Angeles Olympics Calbraith and Foreign Service Casper Weinberger visits Cultural life TWA plane hijacking 8ock Hudson visit French battlefield communications technology TDY/ National Security Council, Washington, DC 1985 Public Diplomacy Task Force; Ceneva Summit, 1985 8eaganDCorbachev 2ack atlock Operations Oval Office visit Paris, France/ 0Continued1 Challenger catastrophe Operations Security Arab World ,ducation of French political leaders French government Official functions Superior Honor Award Statue of Liberty 8ussian 2ews 5 WifeEs ,nglish language teaching Home leave Carmisch, Cermany/ -S Army 8ussian .nstitute/ 198631987 8ussian language training .nstructors ,nvironment 8adio Liberty Nicholas Daniloff ,ast ,uropean travel 8eykjavik, .celand/ 8eaganDCorbachev Summit 1987 Arms control Carmisch, Cermany/ -S Army 8ussian Language .nstitute 1987 ,ast ,uropean travel ,nvironment 8ecreation Student body oscow, -SS8/ Counselor for Press I Cultural Affairs 198731990 -SDSoviet relations Sergeant Lonetree Affair Withdrawal of local laborers Working environment oscow environment 2amming 8efusniks ;Controlled“ change Ambassador 2ack atlock Staff (isiting (.PEs Chautauqua eBchange -S press corps -SD-SS8 information talks President 8eagan visit Billy 2oel -S cultural programs -S Speakers programs ,mbassy building reconstruction Security Andr? Cromyko death 8ussian cultural life Armenia earthquake National Symphony Orchestra AmbassadorEs access to Soviet leaders 6 Local employees Travels in -SS8 Soviet media 8obert 8edford Travel restrictions Ambassador press briefings -S.A Director Wick Cultural ,Bchange Agreement (OA Director 8ichard Carlson 8aisa Corbacheva Sakharov death Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy/ ,dward 8. urrow fellow 199031991 Student body Academic program Teaching Foreign students Washington, DC/ -S.A Headquarters/ Director, Foreign 199131994 Press Centers Office organiAation adrid iddle ,ast Conference Foreign Press Center LeBus NeBus Nashville press visit Press CentersE operations C37 meetings President Bill Clinton Clinton visit to 8iga, Latvia (ienna, Austria; 8egional Public Affairs Officer 199431996 Housing .nternational Atomic Agency Operations President Clinton area visits Ambassador Swanee Hunt Office reorganiAation and reduction 8etirement 1996 Post3retirement career 8eflections INTERVIEW 7 Preface At a Public Diplomacy Alumni Association luncheon in late 2011, a colleague asked me if . had done my oral history. had to admit that . had not. .n fact, . was not that familiar with the project. went to the ADST website and was impressed by the collection of oral histories, including those done by many people that . had known and served with. Soon after, my attention was drawn to the December 2011 issue of the Foreign Service 2ournal. Devoted almost entirely to the years of my second tour in the Soviet -nion 01987319901, it convinced me that . needed to stop procrastinating. sat down with Stu 7ennedy for the first time on 2anuary 18, 2012. Before he turned on the tape recorder, . told him that if he was looking for someone who had spent the bulk of his career in high policy positions, we could get by with one or two sessions. But if he was interested in someone who had spent 20K years overseas in a variety of posts and who could recollect a lot of unusual eBperiences, ranging from walking across the Tassili Plateau in southern Algeria to walking across 8ed Square in oscow with Bob Hope, my hand was up. Between 2anuary and 2une, 2012, . had 12 separate oral interviews 0some 24 hours1 with Stu. For every hour of conversation, . spent several hours preparing. This meant going through a journal that . have kept almost daily since 1972 and occasionally looking at folders full of mementos from those years. 0. did not touch the myriad slides, photo albums or programs from virtually every cultural event . attended.1 The journal provided an enormous amount of raw material but also presented me with a challenge of organiAing and structuring that . did not always meet to my satisfaction. .n 2uly, . began editing some 300 pages of transcript. As . did, . was constantly reminded what a privilege it is to be able to take advantage of this project. would never have done something like this on my own. But as . went through the transcript, . had to be careful not to fall victim to one of my most serious weaknesses, i.e. making the perfect the enemy of the good. During the interviews, . was often talking off the top of my head and not for the printed page. began to notice overused words and eBpressions. And . discovered that the beginning of one session would overlap the end of the previous, resulting occasional repetition. .t has been no easy task cleaning up the syntaB and punctuation, taking out words and occasionally entire paragraphs and relocating some portions simply for continuity. ,ven with this, the now3final product often reads like an oral interview. .t is not a finely3 polished piece of prose. .t is not perfectL All of the above notwithstanding, . am very pleased to have undertaken this project. .t gets a monkey off my back. .t reminds me of what an interesting and rewarding career . had. Thanks to the .nternet, it has allowed me to revisit some of the people . met and 8 eBperiences that . had. And just in case someone should ever want to know something about me after . am not around, this memoir will be a good place to